Copyright
IIT Kharagpur
Contents
Title Page i
Certificate of Approval v
Certificate vii
Declaration ix
Acknowledgements xi
List of Abbreviations xii
List of Symbols xv
List of Figures xvii
List of Tables xix
Abstract xxi
1 Introduction and Review 1
1.1 Introduction . . . 1
1.2 One-Dimensional OCDMA Systems . . . 3
1.3 Two-Dimensional OCDMA Systems . . . 9
1.4 Three-Dimensional OCDMA Systems . . . 15
1.5 Contributions made in the Thesis . . . 16
1.6 Organization of the Thesis . . . 17 xxiii
Copyright
IIT Kharagpur
CONTENTS
2 OCDMA System Model 19
2.1 Introduction . . . 19
2.2 Architecture of OCDMA Networks . . . 20
2.2.1 Spreading Pattern of OCDMA Code Families . . . 22
2.2.2 Generation of OCDMA Codes . . . 23
2.3 Construction of OCDMA Code Families . . . 28
2.3.1 Large Weight, Small Length Codes: Prime Sequences . . . . 28
2.3.2 Minimum Correlated OOCs . . . 29
2.3.3 Optimal Length, Minimum Correlated OOCs . . . 31
2.3.4 Probability of Error Due to MAI . . . 33
2.4 Feasibility of Getting Large Delay in OCDMA Code Generation . . 36
2.5 Applications of Lithium Niobate Devices . . . 37
2.6 Statement of the Problem . . . 38
3 OCDMA Code Families based on a Novel RWOP Algorithm 41 3.1 Introduction . . . 41
3.2 Two-Dimensional OCDMA Code Families . . . 42
3.2.1 GMWPCs . . . 43
3.2.2 GMWRSCs . . . 44
3.2.3 MWOOCs . . . 46
3.2.4 FOOCs . . . 48
3.3 Three-Dimensional OCDMA Code Families . . . 50
3.4 The RWOP Algorithm . . . 51
3.5 RWOP-based 2D OCDMA Code Families . . . 55
3.5.1 Construction of RWOP-based 2D Code Families . . . 56
3.5.2 Analysis of RWOP-based 2D Code Families . . . 57
3.6 RWOP-based 3D OCDMA Code Families . . . 63
3.6.1 Construction of RWOP-based 3D Code Families . . . 63
3.6.2 Analysis of RWOP-based 3D Code Families . . . 65
3.7 Summary . . . 70
4 OCDMA Code Families based on a Novel CRWOP algorithm 73 4.1 Introduction . . . 73
4.2 Scope of Improvement in RWOP Algorithm . . . 74
4.3 The CRWOP Algorithm . . . 75
4.4 CRWOP-based 2D OCDMA Code Families . . . 78 xxiv
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IIT Kharagpur
CONTENTS
4.4.1 Construction of CRWOP-based 2D Code Families . . . 78
4.4.2 Analysis of CRWOP-based 2D Code Families . . . 79
4.5 CRWOP-based 3D OCDMA Code Families . . . 84
4.5.1 Construction of CRWOP-based 3D Code Families . . . 85
4.5.2 Analysis of CRWOP-based 3D Code Families . . . 86
4.6 Summary . . . 90
5 Miniaturization of OCDMA Code Generation 93 5.1 Introduction . . . 93
5.2 Zero-Gap Directional Coupler . . . 95
5.2.1 Determination of Critical Coupling Lengths . . . 96
5.2.2 Design of ZDC . . . 100
5.3 Ti:LiNbO3 based 1D OCDMA Code Generation . . . 102
5.3.1 ZDC Based Code Generation . . . 102
5.3.2 Y-junction Based Generation . . . 106
5.3.3 Delay Comparison . . . 108
5.4 Ti:LiNbO3 based 2D OCDMA Code Generation . . . 110
5.4.1 Design Considerations . . . 110
5.4.2 Numerical Results . . . 111
5.5 Ti:LiNbO3 based 3D OCDMA Code Generation . . . 111
5.5.1 Design Considerations . . . 112
5.5.2 Numerical Results . . . 112
5.6 Insertion Losses . . . 113
5.7 Summary . . . 115
6 Conclusions and Future Directions 117 6.1 Concluding Remarks . . . 117
6.1.1 2D & 3D RWOP-based OCDMA Code Families . . . 118
6.1.2 2D & 3D CRWOP-based OCDMA Code Families . . . 118
6.1.3 Miniaturization of OCDMA Code Generation . . . 119
6.2 Scope for Further Study . . . 120
References 122
Publications from the Thesis Work 137
Curriculum Vitae 139
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