This study identifies the key user needs to focus on when implementing a PIPV product. 6 Chapter 6: A PIPV Product Development Approach in the Context of Rural India – Application of Findings.
Literature Review (Highlighted Studies Closely Related to the Pillars of Study)
118 Figure 5.3 Database of solar PV panels with different sizes and specifications 120 Figure 5.4 Step-by-step approach for electronic system design of PIPV. 149 Figure 6.8 PIPV injector concept iterations in PIPV sandbox 150 Figure 6.9 3D rendered visualization of concepts of PIPV injectors being generated.
List of Tables
Research Introduction
- Introduction
- Area of Research
- Solar PIPV Technology
- Rural India: the need for PIPV product interventions
- Industrial Design
- Motivation for the research
- Research questions
- What are the potential areas of intervention for PIPV products in rural India, and what are the needs of users that designers should consider?
- What are the challenges in developing PIPV products; the type of support and input information required for Industrial designers in each phase of PIPV product
- What should be the possible approach to proceed with the Industrial design and development of PIPV products in a rural context?
- Aim and Objectives of Research
- Outline of the Thesis Report
- Chapter summary
Solar photovoltaics (PV) is a renewable and viable option that should be explored through product-integrated photovoltaic (PIPV) product interventions to meet the electricity needs of the rural population. PIPV products are the focus of the research with the context of its applications in rural India.
Literature Review
Introduction
In chapter two, we conduct a state of the art literature review, where we consider previous interventions and theories within the three domains mentioned above. This is followed by a review of developments in industrial design, their methodologies and current contribution to design development of PIPV products for users in rural and remote locations in India.
Solar energy - potential and scenario: An overview
- Solar Photovoltaic Energy
- On-Grid and Off-Grid Solar Photovoltaic Energy
- Product Integrated Photovoltaics (PIPV)
For example, a simple off-grid electrification project can deploy solar panels and generate electricity for the domestic needs of households in a small community (R. 3 Centralized and decentralized power generation are also referred to as On-grid and Off-grid generation respectively). .
Solar photovoltaic power for Rural India
Their study describes the development of innovative solar-based systems for use in rural communities of India. Solar lit streets/corners/Farm roads; Solar Powered Country Houses/Cabins; Solar powered (mobile) tools/implements;.
Challenges faced by Designers in PIPV Product Development
Further, in another study, "Towards a selection method for the design of alternative energy systems in consumer products", Bas Flipsen et al. 2004) highlights the challenges faced by the designer and design engineer engaged in new product development. The study by Ana Mestre and Jan Carel Diehl (2003), 'Design guidelines for the integration of renewable energy into consumer products', identifies the need for guidelines when integrating renewable energies such as human power, fuel cells and solar PV into products of consumption.
Solar PV energy and Sandbox culture of Product Development
- PIPV-based product interventions – a review of case studies
Suppliers and manufacturers should work closely with early adopters to develop operational, economic and aesthetic aspects of products. We now examine the following three case studies of PIPV products that have been commercially introduced to understand the underlying characteristics and functions for their success/failure.
Solar Powered Agricultural Insect Trap
Eosolatec Company Limited, which originates from South Korea, developed a solar-powered agricultural insect trap (Ecosolatec, 2011), including a solar panel, a light bulb, a rechargeable battery and a fan. It has a small solar panel that charges the battery and turns on the bulb at night, which attracts the insects towards it, and the fan attached at the bottom sucks the insects and traps them in a bag attached to the product.
Lion lights by Richard Turere
This product is a creative combination of multiple components and a new way of exploring technology, resulting in a functionally effective product that integrates form and function. In this case, this basic innovator was aware of the basic technology and thought of combining multiple components to solve the specific problem.
Solar-Powered Trash bin
- Literature Synthesis Matrix
- Chapter Summary
The studies reviewed in the literature also seem to identify and highlight barriers to the industrial design of PIPV products. As seen in the literature synthesis matrix, most previous studies focus on one or a combination of the two pillars of the current research.
Research Design
- Introduction
- Research Framework
- The Research Questions and Planning of the Research Approach
- Planning the Research Experiments
- Opportunity Mapping
- PIPV Product Development
- Application of Proposed Approach for Design of PIPV products
- Research Progression Diagram
- Chapter Summary
The different experiments will be performed within the overarching time constraints of the study duration. The developed prototype will be field tested according to specific ways of the evaluation process in product development of PIPV products.
Design For Rural India: Opportunity Mapping for Industrial Design Interventions of PIPV Products, Design and Development of PIPV
Introduction
This chapter forms an important part of the experimental studies that contribute to the analysis and development of the design process in PIPV product development for a national context. The chapter is divided into four sections that cover the research and insights gathered on identifying opportunities, PIPV product design intervention, challenges in the design process, and test evaluation of PIPV products with users.
Three Case studies in PIPV product interventions in rural India, Preliminary field studies, direct observations and user interviews, and an opportunity matrix for PIPV
This preliminary field study identifies opportunities for real-world design intervention for developing PIPV products that are contextually relevant to the rural needs of the region. It sets the direction for outlining the design process for PIPV based product development, achieving the stated goal of this research.
Mapping PIPV product interventions for need identification (commercialized PIPV products, grassroot innovations and Design interventions by designers) are
Assessment of PIPV products is undertaken in this section. It adopts a suitable model to evaluate and assess PIPV products based on user feedback
- Three Case Studies in PIPV Product Intervention in Rural India – A Review
- Case 1: Solar PV Light design for Rural India
- Case 2: Project Suryodaya by an NGO Anandyatri
- Case 3: Flexitron- An innovation enterprise
- Insights from case studies
- Preliminary Field Studies, Direct Observations and User Interviews
- Field Studies to Villages in Maharashtra
- Field studies on Villages Kynmynsaw and Kynbah villages of Mawsynram District in Meghalaya
- General Observations and Insights from field visits
- Opportunity matrix for Intervention domains for PIPV product development for rural needs
- Opportunity matrix
- Summary of Field Studies
- Mapping PIPV products for Need Identification
- PIPV Product Identification and categorization
- Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- Methodology for PIPV product review and generation of Map Structure
- End User Perspective in Setting order of priority for PIPV interventions on mapping matrix
- Mapping Commercially available PIPV Products against five heads of Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs
- Mapping PIPV Products developed by Grass-root innovators for rural needs against five heads of Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs
- Design Experiment I: Creative Ideation and Concept development of PIPV products by Industrial Designers
In the case of PIPV products for lighting, it is impossible to eliminate the system battery. PIPV products available in the market are categorized into agriculture, education, healthcare and household activities.
Solar Powered Pottery Wheel concept
PIPV bicycle tyre Inflator
Solar Powered Fish Pond Oxygenator (Aerator)
Fish farming is done in most villages by creating artificial fish ponds or by using the bioflock technique where fish are grown in a controlled environment. The tentacles of the product go deep to the bottom of the pond and effectively supply oxygen.
PV Nebulizer for PHC Centre Intervention Area: Medical Aids (Equipment)
- Observations
- Assessment of PIPV products
- Framework for assessment of PIPV products for Rural scenario Using Spider web Graphical method
- PIPV Product assessment for design improvement
- Comparative evaluation of a PIPV Product
- Spiderweb assessment for PIPV concept evaluation
- Experiment in Scenario-based approach to Product Conceptualization, Development and Realization
- Chapter Summary
Veefkind (Veefkind, 2004) identified an understanding of the product's energy balance as the significant barrier to the development of solar PV products. It has a circular PV solar panel on the top of the product, which provides power to the battery integrated into the product.
Ideation to Realization: Transition of PIPV Product Concept
Introduction
It introduced the various methods covering literature review, field studies, direct observations, market review and approaches to product analysis relevant to the industrial designer for gathering knowledge of the current state of development of PIPV-based products. This will enrich an understanding of the changes that concepts go through and the barriers and decisive factors that must be taken into account for the successful development of PIPV products for the rural context.
Selection of PIPV Product Concept for Development
- Involvement of Technology experts in electronic system design
- Selection of Feasible Concept for Development
The input/guidance generated by the participating team of industrial designers and technology experts is shared to advance the PIPV product development stages. The PIPV fan product concept for wood-fired cooking stove (created during the scenario-based design experiment) aimed at reducing smoke generated during the cooking process has been selected for further development.
Towards Product Realization - From Concept Selection to Technical development of PIPV product
- Refinement of the concept of PIPV air blower
- Prototyping of PIPV air blower
As seen in the final version, the PV panel is mounted on the inclined face of the product body. The selected functional components are then placed and checked for their proper placement within the body of the product.
Comparison of the PIPV air blower concepts in the Ideation and realisation phase
Considering the different criteria, the table clearly shows a significant improvement of the product prototype compared to the concept production of the product. In the PIPV air blower, the product must be charged and stored appropriately to expose the PV panel to maximum sunlight.
Testing with Users
The product was then analyzed using the cobweb assessment model to know the lagging factors. From the cobweb analysis it is observed that the product lags behind in the aspects of Repairability, durability also introduces relatively low affinity, affordability and functionality.
Observations and Findings
The product testing in the field leads to the improvement of the product from the perspective of users. In this process, the product goes through several iterations to ensure the possibility of acceptance of the product among its target users.
PIPV Product Concept Design Sandbox for Rural India
It will create PIPV solutions that address physiological and safety level needs that are critical to address in a rural context of use scenario. The generation of the PIPV concept keeping in mind the boundaries of the defined sandbox will improve the success and acceptance among the actual users, especially the people staying in rural and remote parts of India.
Chapter Summary
The conceptualized solution must be scalable, as it can benefit both users and its creators; likewise, building PIPV product solutions in locally available resources helps create a product ecosystem and improves awareness and other attributes such as availability and repairability of the product concept. The findings of this chapter contribute to research inquiries regarding the implementation and testing of a PIPV product concept for rural use.
Approach for the Development of PIPV Product in the Context of Rural India – Application of Findings
Introduction
The finding of these studies addresses the need to outline a systematic step-by-step approach to the industrial design and development of PIPV product concepts, taking into account the context of rural India. This approach has been elaborated and validated by the product development of PIPV product design intervention for insecticide spraying in agricultural areas.
Need for a Specific approach for Industrial Design of PIPV products in the context of Rural India
In the fourth chapter of this thesis, insights into the opportunities for PIPV product intervention in the rural scenario were identified by mapping the existing PIPV-based products available in the market and the analysis of innovative PIPV product interventions at grassroots levels and design experiments undertaken with industry practice. designer. This chapter describes the design, development and testing process of this PIPV product based on the proposed approach.
Step-by-step approach for Industrial Design of PIPV products
The steps are defined based on three main factors: the stages of the design process, the steps to be taken during each stage of design, and the respective outcomes of each step. The left column shows the main stages of the design process comprising Concept Design, System Level – Detail Design Phase and the Testing – Refinement Phase of the design process.
Identify the intervention area – The opportunity matrix gives the direction to choose an opportunity area for concept intervention
The system-level design and detail design stage involves the component-level deconstruction of the system to know the parameters such as shape, dimensions and ratings of various components. Testing and Refinement Stage – Field testing and assessment of the PIPV product concept using cobweb assessment gives the improvement factors and required refinements for the PIPV concept.
Analysis and background study of identified intervention area – Field studies and in-depth understanding of the problem give insight into the required solution
This input is based on actual users of the product and defines the acceptance and probability of success of the proposed solution. Concept iterations in the PIPV sandbox – the framework for the concept iterations includes the defined boundaries considering the requirements of the users of rural India.
Concept iterations in the PIPV sandbox – the framework for the concept iterations includes the boundaries defined considering the requirements of the users from rural India
Component level deconstruction of concept and electronic system design – to explore a concept, the exact information of solar panels and associated electronic exploration of a concept requires the exact information of solar panels and associated electronic systems, which can be collected through this step.
Refinement of concept – based on the feedback received from the users, the concept can be refined by considering the improvement factors identified during its evaluation
- Application of proposed approach: Development of PIPV insecticide/fertilizer sprayer for agricultural use
Identify the Intervention Area
Analysis and background study of identified intervention area
Another alternative to this motorized system is a backpack type sprayer that can be manual or battery powered. The knapsack type sprayer systems are associated with a few limitations; some come with limited tank capacity, requiring refilling after some time.
Component Level Deconstruction of the concept
Sandbox iterations and development of the concept
Affordability is the main factor that determines whether users accept the solution, especially in the market targeting rural and remote places of India. The rectangular shape of the tank makes it modular and replaceable with any comparable tank commonly available on the market.
Spiderweb analysis and comparison of the concept
Refinement of the concept
- Chapter Summary
Conclusions
- Introduction
- Review of Research aim and Objectives
- What are the potential areas of intervention for PIPV products in rural India, and what are the needs of users that designers should consider? The findings gathered in
- What are the challenges in developing PIPV products; the type of support and input information required for Industrial designers in each phase of the PIPV product
- Limitations of study and scope for further research
- Research contribution and Conclusions
- Closing remarks
The main objective of the research was to identify a possible approach for industrial design and development of PIPV products for rural communities in India. The third objective of the research was to define and validate the proposed approach for industrial design in the development of PIPV products for rural communities.
List of Publications
Solar is an essential, though currently underutilized energy source in India, with the potential to offer improved energy supply (especially in remote areas) and increase India's energy security. Rural India. such as ICT, banking and finance, healthcare, entrepreneurship, energy and agribusiness), can gain new insights by analyzing and interpreting data together with researchers.
