Family Euphorbiaceae: Plants usually with milky latex, leaves alternate, flowers unisexual, carpels 3, ovary superior, 3-chambered, ovule with a caruncle. Leaves: Alternate, basal leaves lyre-shaped and petiolate, upper progressively smaller and less lobed, upper sessile and nearly entire, uniformly reticulate. Gynoecium: Bicarpella syncarpous superior ovary, unilocular becoming bilocular due to the formation of false septum, ovules many, placentation parietal, style 1, stigma bifid.
Gynoecium: Bicarpella syncarpous superior ovary, unilocular becoming bilocular due to formation of false septum, ovules usually 2, placentation parietal, style 1, stigma bifid. Gynoecium: Bicarpella syncarpous superior ovary, unilocular becoming bilocular due to formation of false septum, ovules 2 in each chamber, placentation parietal, ovary deeply bilobed, style 1, stigma bifid. Leaves alternate, simple, sometimes palmately lobed (Gossypium), palmately veined, pubescent stellate or of peltate scales, stipules present.
The leaves are alternate, rarely opposite (Evodia), usually compound with legs, sometimes single due to the reduction of the two lower leaves (Citrus), less often simple (Evodia), gland dotted, needles absent. Leaves: Alternate, compound, uniseriate (trifoliate compound leaves with two reduced lower leaflets forming petiole wings below the last developed leaf), gland-dotted, coriaceous, extipulate, reticulate unicostate. Leaves alternate, petiolate (Pisum, Vicia) or compound palmate (Trifolium), sometimes simple (Alysicarpus, Alhagi), entire (Lathyrus aphaca) or upper leaves (Vicia, Pisum) sometimes modified into filaments , leaf base (sometimes leaflet base) pulvinate, stipules present.
Leaves: Alternate, pinnately compound, upper 3-5 leaves modified into tendrils, leaf base pulvinate, stipulate, venation uniformly reticulate.
Subfamily Caesalpinioideae DC
Cassia occidentalis F: branch with inflorescence; G: Flower with sepals and petals removed; H: A pair of pods; I: Floral diagram; J: Vertical section of flower; K: Floral formula. Leaves: alternate, paripinnate compound, leaf base pulvinate, gland present at base of petiole, stipulate, unipartite reticulate. Androecium: 10, polyandrous, in two whorls, unequal, 3 posterior anthers and one anterior modified into staminodia, 6 fertile, of which 2 are larger and 4 medium-sized, anthers bitechose, basifixed.
Leaves alternate, pinnately or palmately compound, sometimes simple, leaf base (sometimes also the base of the leaflets) is pulvinate, the petiole is sometimes changed into a leaf (Acacia auriculiformis), leaflets are present, sometimes spiny and hollow inside the ant shelter (Acacia sphaerocephala). , the leaves of Mimosa pudica are sensitive to touch and show sleeping movements. Androecium with 4 numerous (4 in Mimosa, 10 in Prosopis, numerous in Acacia and Albizia) stamens, free (Acacia, Prosopis) or connate filaments (Albizia), anthers bitechose, longitudinal dehiscence, filaments long and anthers usually convex. Leaves: alternate, doubly pinnately compound, sensitive to touch, leaf base pulvinate, leaflets modified into spines, leaf petiole covered with bristles, venation one piece reticulate.
Gynoecium: monocarpellary superior ovary, stalked, curved, unilocular, ovules many, placentation marginal, long form, stigma simple. Androecium: 10, polyandrous, in two whorls, anthers bitechose, dorsally fixed, each anther with appendage at tip, dehiscence longitudinal. Gynoecium: one-carpellar upper ovary, stalked, curved, unilocular, ovules many, placentation marginal, curved shape, stigma simple.
Leaves: Alternate compound, bipinnate, pulvinate leaf base, needles modified into spines up to 5 cm long, unistate reticulate. Leaves: Compound alternate, bipinnate, leaf base pulvinate, a gland present near base of petiole, reticulate unicostate. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite (Apiastrum), lobed or compound, rarely simple (Bupleurum), pods sheathing base, needles absent.
Androecium with 5 stamens, free, deflexed in the bud, convex in open flower, rarely included, anthers bitechose, dehiscence longitudinal, pollen grains usually tricolpate. Leaves: alternate, decaying, lower leaves with wider segments, upper ones with filamentous segments, leaf base is sheathing, one-sided reticulated. Androecium: 5, polyandrous, filaments long, bent in bud, elongated in open flower, anthers bitechose, dorsally fixed, dehiscence longitudinal.
Salient features: Leaves alternate, stipules absent, flowers actinomorphic, stamens 5, carpels 2, ovary superior, 2-chambered, placenta swollen, septum oblique, ovules numerous, fruit a berry or capsule. Leaves alternate, simple, rarely pinnately compound (potato), stipules absent, paired leaves along the stem are common. Corolla with 5 petals, united, rotating (Solanum) or tubular (Cestrum), rarely funnel-shaped (Datura) or bilabiate (Schizanthus).
Gynoecium: ovarium syncarpum bicarpellum superior, bilocularis cum pluribus ovulis in singulis sacculis, placenta axile, placentis tumentibus, septum obliquis, stylo simplici, stigmate bilobato. Gynoecium: bicarpella ovarium syncarpum superiorem, bilocularem cum pluribus ovulis in singulis sacculis, placenta axillaribus, placentis tumentibus, septum obliquum, ovarium in disco aureo colorato pone, stylum simplex, stigma bilobum. Gynoecium: syncarpiarium ovarium superius syncarpum, bilocularis, fiens tetralocularis ob septa falsa formatione, ovulis pluribus in singulis loculis, placentationibus axillaribus.
Leaves simple, reduced or absent in some succulent species, opposite (Catharanthus) or whorled (Nerium), simple, entire, pedunculate, reticulate, needles absent, stipules often present at base of leaves. Corolla with 5 united petals, the funnel often short campanulate, salver-shaped (Catharanthus) or funnel-shaped (Thevetia) and with twisted or valvate lobes. Gynoecium bicarpellar of two carpels united apically, ovary unilocular, placentation marginal, ovules 2 or more, unitegmic, styles 2, stigma 1, calyptra (Catharanthus), dumb bell-shaped (Nerium), carpels sometimes united by ovules with plates with , Allamanda, Carissa).
Fruit etaerio of 2 follicles (Nerium), sometimes drupe (Thevetia), capsule or berry; seeds are usually numerous, flattened and covered with long silky hairs. Distinctive features: Herb shrubs or vines, latex milky, leaves opposite or whorled, throat of corolla tube with scales, pollinia absent, ovary superior, fruit a follicle, seed with a tuft of hairs (Asclepiadoideae, formerly Asclepiadaceae separated by pollinia, anthers adnate to stigmatic disc , stigmas united in gynostegium). Gynoecium: Bicarpellar apocarpous ovary superior, unilocular, many ovules, placentation marginal, style simple, stigma annular or calyptrate, 2 scaly nectaries on either side of the carpels.
Androecium: 5, polyandrous, epipetal, anthers curved, connivent around the stigma and produced in a long twisted hairy appendage at the top, anthers bithecous, basifixed, dehiscence longitudinally. Gynoecium: Bicarpellar, apocarpous, ovary superior, many ovules, placentation marginal, style simple, stigma simple, nectaries absent. Vertical section of the flower; C: Corolla opened to show a corona of scales and anthers with caudal appendages forming a single twisted hairy appendage; D: Pair of follicles; E: Flower diagram; F: Floral formula.
Gynoecium: Bicarpellary, apocarpous, ovary superior, unilocular, marginal placentation, 2 styles united at the top, stigma a pentagonal disk fused with stamens to form gynostegium. Gynoecium: Bicarpellary, apocarpous, ovary superior, unilocular, ovules many, placentation marginal, 2 styles united at the top, stigma a pentagonal disk fused with stamens to form gynostegium. Longitudinal section of flower showing 2 epipetal stamens; D: Capsule with persistent calyx. E: Floral diagram; F: Flower formula.
Gynoecium with 2 united carpels, ovary superior, bilocular, ovaries 2 in each chamber, axile placentation, style 1, stigma bilobed, ovary sessile on a nectary. Gynoecium: bicarpellar syncarpous ovary superior, bilocular with 2 ovules in each loculus, placentation axile, ovary sessile on a nectary, style simple, curved, stigma bilobed. Gynoecium: bicarpellar syncarpous ovary superior, bilocular with 2 ovules in each loculus, subsequently becoming tetralocular due to formation of a false septum with 1 ovule in each loculus, placentation axile, ovary 4-lobed, seated on a stigma bibasic, style .
Gynoecium: bicarpellary syncarpous ovary superior, bicorneal with 2 ovules in each loculus, later becoming tetralocular due to the formation of a false septum with 1 ovule in each loculus, bed axil, ovary 4-lobed, sessile on the nectary, style gynobasic, long, purple, stigma bifid. Gynoecium with 2 carpels, united, rarely up to 5 carpels, ovary superior, unilocular, ovule 1, placenta basal, 2 (rarely up to 5) plugs. Gynoecium: Tricarpellary syncarpous ovary superior, sunk in the hypanthium becoming semi-inferior, unilocular with one male, placentation basal, style trifid with 3 stigmas.
Salient features: Plants usually with milky latex, leaves alternate, flowers unisexual, carpels 3, ovary superior, 3-chambered, egg with a caruncle. Gynoecium with 3 united carpels, rarely 4-many, ovary superior, trilocular with 1-2 ovules in each chamber, placentation axile, styles usually 3. Floral diagram of female flower; J: Floral diagram of male flower; K: Flower formulas for male and female flowers.
Gynoecium: Tricarpellar syncarpous ovary superior, trilocular with single ovule in each loculus, placental axilla, styles 3, each split at the tip with 2 stigmas. Tricarpellar syncarpous ovary superior, trilocular with 2 ovules in each loculus, placental axilla, styles 3, each split at the tip with 2 stigmas. Gynoecium: Tricarpellar syncarpous ovary superior, trilocular with 1 ovule in each loculus, placental axis, styles 3, each splitting into two, each branch bears a stigma.
Gynoecium with 3 carpels, united, ovary superior, trilocular with many ovules, placental axis, styles simple with 3-lobed stigma. Gynoecium: Bicarpellar syncarpous (variously interpreted as tricarpellar syncarpous or monocarpellar) ovary superior, unilocular with 1 ovule, basal placentation, style short, stigma 2, feathery.
