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FLY ASH AND DEMOLITION WASTE APPLICABILITY IN PERVIOUS CONCRETE
Gaurav Vyas
1, Leevesh Kumar
21
M. Tech in Structure Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Career Point University Kota, Rajasthan, India
2
Ph.D. Scholar in Department of Civil Engineering, Career Point University Kota, Rajasthan, India ABSTRACT
Pervious concrete is a concrete containing coarse aggregate and cement paste. It seems pervious concrete would be a natural choice for use in structural applications in this age of ‘green building’. It consumes less raw material than normal concrete (no sand), it provides superior insulation values when used in walls, and through the direct drainage of rainwater, it helps recharge groundwater in pavement applications. Due to increase in construction and demolition activities all over the world, the waste concrete after the destruction is not used for any purpose which leads to loss of economy of the country. India is a developing country where urbanization is increasing rapidly which in turn leading to increase of drainage facilities. Pervious concrete helps to allow the water flow into the ground due to interconnected pores. Natural aggregate is becoming scarce, production and shipment is becoming more difficult. In order to overcome this problem there is need to find a by-product, which can be used to replace the aggregate in conventional concrete mix. The experiments were performed on specimens with different proportion of Demolition waste and Fly-ash. It is found out that compressive strength of M25 pervious concrete is b/w 4MPa to 20MPa. This report helps to find out up to what extent Demolition waste and Fly-ash can be replaced for cement and aggregates so that the concrete doesn’t lose its strength and other properties.
Keywords: Demolition Waste, Fine Particles, Fly Ash, Green Building, Pervious Concrete etc.
1. INTRODUCTION
Pervious concrete provides a level of porosity which allows water to percolate into the sub -grade. It differs from the conventional concrete since it usually contains a nominal or no amount of fine aggregate. Pervious concrete is comprised of single size aggregates which result in larger air voids than conventional concrete. It also known as porous concrete (enhanced porosity) or gap-graded concrete has little to no fine aggregates.
Pervious concrete mixes consist of cement, single sized coarse aggregate and water (water/cement ratio ranging 0.27 to 0.30). It is reported that, the 28-day compressive strength of such mixes range from 4Mpa to 20Mpa based on compressive strength testing per ASTM C39. In addition, pervious concrete mixes vary among batch
114 | P a g e manufacturers with varying strengths and permeability rate. As per National Ready Mixed Concrete Association (NRMCA), "pervious concrete is an extraordinary sort of cement with a high porosity utilized for solid flatwork applications that permits water from precipitation and different sources to go through it, in this manner lessening the spill over from a site and reviving ground water levels." It is otherwise called "no-fines concrete" and is made out of Portland bond, coarse total, water, admixtures, and practically no sand. In the previous 30 years, pervious concrete has been progressively utilized as a part of the United States, and is among the Best Management Practices (BMPs) prescribed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The main drawback of pervious concrete is; it cannot withstand load of large number of heavy vehicles but if it is designed properly means it can hold low volume of heavy vehicles. It provides high rate of permeability in spite of less and more compressive strength. Cement is one of the main component used but production of cement leads to various other problems such as air pollution, greenhouse effect etc., therefore finding an alternative to cement is necessary. Fly-ash is one of the material which can be replaced with cement. Up to what extent we can use Fly- ash so that strength and other properties of pervious concrete does not alter we will find out in this thesis. Hence the scope of the present study is focused on determining the accuracy of the anecdotal evidence obtained from partial replaced concrete and studying the compressive strength of new material made of fly ash, cement, water, aggregates and demolished waste.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
The principal prominent utilization of pervious concrete was in post-World War II England where it was utilized as a part of two-story homes known as the Wimpey Houses. Amid World War II, about two third of Britain's homes had been decimated; and no new structures had been developed since 1939. Therefore, the interest for lodging was high, causing a deficiency of blocks. In this circumstance, individuals were looking for substitute development materials that were prudent, dependable and effective. No-fine cement was then utilized as a part of a few sections of the dividers by Wimpey8 designers and specialists to diminish the cost. In the United States, pervious concrete has been utilized for just about a long time since it was first presented in California4. With a specific end goal to contemplate the elements impacting the execution of pervious solid, scientists have led tests varying blend extents of bond, water, coarse total, sand, fly fiery debris, and admixtures. As per trial studies6,7,9,10,11,12,13, scientists have discovered that factors that influence the mechanical properties of pervious concrete are void substance, total to bond proportion, fine total sum, coarse total size, coarse total compose, compaction vitality, and curing period.
3. MATERIALS
3.1 CEMENT
Cement of 53 grades is utilized. Diverse properties of bond were discovered in view of IS 269-1976 and IS 4031-1988. Water cement proportion is kept between 0.30 to 0.40. In the event that the sum water turns out to be low then it prompts low authoritative, more level of water will diminish voids space and porousness nature.
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3.2 COARSE AGGREGATE
Coarse aggregate is the main component of pervious concrete. The gradation, size, and type of coarse aggregate have been found to affect the character of pervious concrete. Crushed stone of nominal size 12.5mm is used.
Aggregate with specific gravity of 2.77 and passing through 12.5mm sieve and will be used for casting all specimens. Several investigations concluded that maximum size of coarse aggregate should be restricted in strength of the composite. In addition to cement paste– aggregate ratio, aggregate type has a great influence on concrete.
3.3 FLY ASH
The fly ash used during this project is taken from thermal power plant. The type of fly ash is F.
FIGURE 1. FLY ASH
4. PREPARATION OF CONCRETE SAMPLE
Required quantity of aggregates and cement is taken by correctly weighing.
The weighed items are mixed in a tray for certain time until all the aggregates are in contact of cement.
The amount of water calculated is taken in a measuring jar and it is added to the mix.
The aggregate, cement and water i thoroughly mixed before placing in the mould.
Mould of required size is taken and oil is applied to each inner side of the cube.
Mixed concrete is added to mould in three layers and each layer is tamped for 25 times with the help of tamping rod.
Concrete moulds are kept for 24 hrs and it is demoulded, then the cubes are placed in a water tank for certain duration.
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Figure 4.1 Weighing Required Materials Figure 4.2 Taking Weighed Aggregates
Figure 4.3 Dry Mixing Of Materials Figure 4.4 Mixing
Figure 4.5 Concrete Mixing Mould Figure 4.6 Prepared Moulds
\Figure 4.7 Cube Taken Out from Mould Figure 4.8 Compression Test
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4.2 SAMPLE CURING
Solid samples are cured by standard methodology. Curing prompts improvement of quality and toughness of concrete. It helps in keeping up required temperature and dampness for wanted timeframe.
5. EXPERIMENATAL PROGRAMME
After curing is finished for indicated timeframe, the specimens are removed from water and demolded.
The testing machine is cleaned and load is adjusted for 40KN/minute
Before placing the specimen, adjust the plate to the height of specimen.
The specimen is placed into the machine
Load is applied on the cube at the rate of 40KN per minute until the cube is failed.
5.1 MIX DESIGN FOR M25
a) Grade:M25b) Max. nominal size of aggregate: 12.5mm c) Min. cement content: 320kg/m3
d) Maximum w/c ratio: 0.30 e) Workability: 100mm (slump) f) Exposure condition: Severe
g) Method of concrete placing: Pumping
h) Type of aggregate: Crushed angular aggregate i) Max. cement content: 450 kg/m3
j) Target strength of mix proportion fʹ ck= fck + 1.65 s
Where, f’ck = Target average compressive strength at 28th day, fck = Characteristic compressive strength at 28th day, s= Standard deviation, From Table 1of IS 10262:2009 standard deviation, s = 5 N/mm2, Therefore, target strength=35+1.65 x 5=38.15N/mm2.
5.2 MIX DESIGN CALCULATION FOR M25 PERVIOUS CONCRETE REPLACING FLY- ASH WITH CEMENT
5.2.1 For 30% Fly Ash and 70% Cement
Cement=259kg/m3, Fly ash=111kg/m3, Water=215kg/m3, Coarse aggregates=1646kg/m3, w/c ratio=0.30, Mix proportion: Cement: CA: Fly-ash = 259/370: 1646/370: 111/370 = 0.7:4.45:0.3
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5.2.2 For 50% Fly Ash and 50% Cement
Cement=185kg/m3, Fly ash=185kg/m3, Water=215kg/m3, Coarse aggregates =1646 kg/m3, w/c ratio=0.30, Mix proportion: Cement: CA: Flyash=185/370:1646/370:185/370 =0.5:4.45:0.5
5.2.3 For 70% Fly Ash and 30% Cement
Cement=111kg/m3, Fly ash=259kg/m3, Water=215kg/m3, Coarse aggregates=1646 kg/m3, w/c = 0.30, Mix proportion: Cement: CA: Fly-ash =111/370:1646/370:259/370 = 0.3:4.45:0.7
5.3 MIX DESIGN CALCULATION FOR M25 PERVIOUS CONCRETE REPLACING DEMOLITION WASTE WITH COARSE AGREGATE
5.3.1 For 30% Demolition Waste and 70% Coarse Aggregate
Cement=370kg/m3, Water=215 kg/m3, Coarse aggregates=1152kg/m3, Demolition Waste =494kg/m3, w/c ratio=0.30, Mix proportion: Cement: CA: Demolition Waste= 370/370:1152/370:494/3 = 1:3.11:1.34
5.3.2 For 50% Demolition Waste and 50% Coarse Aggregate
Cement=370kg/m3, Water=215kg/m3, Coarse aggregates=823kg/m3, Demolition Waste =823kg/m3, w/c ratio=0.30, Mix proportion: Cement: CA: Demolition Waste= 370/370:823/370:823/370 = 1:2.225:2.225
5.3.3 For 70% Demolition Waste and 30% Coarse Aggregate
Cement=370kg/m3, Water=215kg/m3, Coarse aggregates=494kg/m3, Demolition Waste =1152kg/m3 w/c ratio=0.30, Mix proportion: Cement: CA: Demolition Waste=370/370:494/370:1152/370 = 1:1.34:3.11
6. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
6.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ANALYSIS FOR 30% REPLACEMENT OF FLY-ASH (FA) WITH CEMENT
Pervious solid blend M25 demonstrated compressive quality of 5.29 MPa, 9.21 MPa and 14.35 MPa for 7,14 and 28 days of curing. 30% FA included solid shows 5.28 MPa,16.30MPa and 18.1MPa compressive quality for 7, 14 and 28 days. These qualities demonstrate that 30% FA included solid shows better compressive quality when contrasted and other blend extents.
6.2 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ANALYSIS FOR 50% REPLACEMENT OF FLY-ASH (FA) WITH CEMENT
The accompanying table gives compressive quality outcomes for concrete included with half of FA content. The qualities demonstrate that half FA included cement shows compressive quality of 5.10 MPa, 8.30 MPa and
119 | P a g e 14.20 MPa for 7, 14 and 28 days of curing individually. This demonstrates 50 percent option of fly ash set up of concrete does not add much to the compressive quality.
6.3 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ANALYSIS FOR 70% REPLACEMENT OF FLY-ASH WITH CEMENT
The qualities demonstrate that 70% FA included solid shows 3.6 MPa, 6.30 MPa and 11.4 MPa for 7, 14 and 28 days of curing separately. The esteem connotes that 70% expansion of fly-ash debris set up of concrete will tends to bring down the compressive quality.
.6.4
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ANALYSIS FOR 50% REPLACEMENT OF
DEMOLITION WASTE WITH COARSE AGGREGATE
Here Demolition squander content is included half by volume of coarse total and tests are set up at a water bond proportion of 0.35. Pervious solid blend M25 demonstrated compressive quality of 5.06 MPa, 8.7 MPa and 14.15 MPa for 7, 14 and 28 days of curing.
6.5 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ANALYSIS FOR 70% REPLACEMENT OF
DEMOLITION WASTE WITH COARSE AGGREGATE
120 | P a g e Here Demolition squander is included 70% by volume of coarse total and examples are made. Pervious solid blend M25 indicated compressive quality of 4.67 MPa, 8.23 MPa and 13.79 MPa for 7, 14 and 28 days of curing.
6.6 Compressive Strength Analysis for 100% Demolition Waste
Here 100% Demolition Waste is utilized as a part of place of coarse total. The quality of these kind of shapes is minimal not as much as that of typical pervious solid blocks. Pervious solid blend M25 demonstrated compressive quality of 4.01 MPa, 7.35 MPa and 13.07 MPa for 7, 14 and 28 days of curing and same is appeared in underneath chart.
7. COCLUSION
These qualities demonstrate that 30% FA included solid shows better compressive quality when contrasted and other blend extents and we can mix up to 50 % FA after increasing amount more than 50 % the compressive strength decreases as shown in graph. As result shown demolition can be use more than 60% in pervious concrete in place of coarse aggregate.
8. ACKNOWLEDMENT
The author gratefully acknowledges the Kota thermal power plant to provide fly ash and construction site reliance jio tower foundation sawaimadhopur Rajasthan India to provide demolition waste. The Experimental work was carried out concrete technology lab of the Civil Engineering Department at the Jhalawar Government Engineering College Jhalawar. The assistance of laboratory staff is acknowledged here.
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