Effect of Crude Aggregate Substitution With Glass Waste and Cement Substitution With Fly Ash on High
Quality Bamboo Fiber Concrete
Azis Habib Darisna, Syafwandi
Student, Civil Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Mercubuana University Jl Raya Kranggan No 6 Jatisampurna Bekasi 17433
[email protected] , [email protected]
Abstract
Bamboo fiber is one of the materials that can be an alternative as an added material to increase the strength of concrete press. The glass waste comes from broken glass bottles of beverages, perfumes, broken car glass and broken windows of the house, which becomes one of the added materials of gravel and Fly Ash comes from the remnants of burning coal that is generally produced by factories and power plants,Fly Ash becomes one of the added materials on cement. The use of thesethree materials as substitutes for concrete mixtures is expected to reduce environmental pollution and exploitation of natural resources. This study aims to find out the influence of the use of Serat Bambu as fiber, Fly Ash as cement substitution and Glass Waste as a crude aggregate substitution on concrete mixture against strong concrete press. This study used a mixture of Serat Bambu as much as 1%, 1.5%, and 2% of cement weight, Fly Ash as much as 7.5%, and 10% of cementweight and Glass Waste as much as 5%, and 9% of . Strong press testing was conducted on the 14th and 28th days. The result of this study is that the higher the percentage of Serat Bambu, Fly Ash and Limbah Glass workability is decreasing. Strong press testing showed that all variations had a strong result of concrete press variation of 1SB 5LK 7.5FA above normal concrete press force and the rest under normal concrete. The highest compressive strength value is obtained from the variation of 1SB 5LK 7.5FA with a mixture (1% + 5%
+7.5%) which is 50,79 MPa.
Keywords:
Alternative, Bamboo Fiber , Concrete, Fly Ash , Strong Press ,Waste Glass
1. Introduction
Concrete is a mixture of portland cement, aggregate (coarse and smooth), and water. Fiber concrete (fibre reincorced concrete) is a modification of conventional concrete by adding fibers adunya. Concrete fiber is defined as concrete made of a mixture of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and a small amount of fiber / fibre (Suhardiman 2011). Fiber materials that can be used to improve the properties of concrete in concrete fibers include steel, plastic, glass, carbon as well as fibers from natural materials such as palm oil, hemp and fiber from other plants . Cement is a hydraulic adhesive produced by smoothing the clinker consisting of the main ingredients of calcium silicates and additional materials gypsum stones where these compounds can react with water and form new substances adhesive on rocks.
Concrete mixture materials other than cement are sand and stone. Sand and stone can be obtained in several places, one of them in the river. Continuous sand and stone mining activities will cause some environmental damage ranging from ambles and damage to water-breaking structures, ambrolnya one side of the plengseng, to a decrease in groundwater level as a follow-up to the decline of the riverbed. The use of industrial waste is a good alternative as a mixing of concrete constituent materials.
Concrete has several advantages, among others: the strong urge is relatively high, easy to form as desired, the maintenance is cheap and can be combined with other materials. On the other hand, concrete has properties that are brittle, so it is practically the ability to withstand relatively small tensile tension (Almufid 2018) .
Glass is waste produced from industrial and household activities that can not be decomposed, if the amount is too much it will damage the environment. However, glass waste can be reused as a filling material on concrete because glass has good weather resistance and chemical attacks. Glass powder is expected to function potentially as a pozzoland material with silica content (SiO2). Na2O and CaO on glass is large enough that more than 70% so that it exceeds the power plan and can reduce the cost of making concrete (Andi Lolo, Ambali, and Paembonan 2020).
Fly ash is one of the waste power plants resulting from coal burning. Fly ash contains SiO2 and CaO as well as several other compounds. The use of fly ash in this study is expected to reduce the impact of fly ash waste (Yulizar Yusuf, Zamzidar Zuki 2013).
With the advancement of very significant development of concrete, it is necessary alternative in concrete mixture in its application. Therefore, the need for renewable materials and wastes added in concrete, such as fly ash, coconut shell, plastic seeds, cane pulp, and others. The more significant the development of concrete, making the need for such innovations can be an alternative material in the use of natural resources that can not be renewed and the increasing use of broken stones in concrete can cause environmental damage. The use of additives that are currently used to strengthen concrete is expensive and has a content that can pollute the environment so that using fibers such as bamboo fibers and fibers can be one of the alternatives.
This prompted research to mix concrete in addition to such materials with bamboo fibers and glass waste as substitution against coarse aggregates. The reason for this research is intended to be able to know the target of strong value of concrete press by mixing bamboo fibers, fly ash and glass waste and with the use of glass waste as a rough aggregate can have an impact on the needs of rough aggregates and can reduce glass waste that is currently less optimized as best as possible because it can potentially pollute the environment and can reduce the greenhouse effect on the environment. and it is expected that with the addition of these materials are expected to reach the target of concrete strength of 50 MPa for the column.
2. Materials And Methods
2.1 MaterialsIn this study the constituent materials in the concrete mixture are as follows:
a. Bamboo fibers used are bamboo fibers ori (chopsticks) and, which pass the sieve No.4. The amount of bamboo fiber to be used is 0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% of the cement weight.
b. Glass waste used is waste glass used in the form of cube-shaped cutting measuring 1 x 1 x 1 cm and pass the sieve No.4. The amount of glass waste substituted as much as 0% ; 5% and ; 9% of the aggregate is rough.
c. Fly Ash used in the form of small granules that pass the sieve No. 200 and has a grayish color. The amount of fly ash used is as much as 7.5% and 10% of the weight of cement.
d. Cement used in this study is PPC Cement (Pozollan Portland Cement) type 1 Gresik brand.
e. The water used in this study came from the UMB Civil Engineering Laboratory.
f. The sand used in this study is sand from Lampung.
g. Gravel used in this study is gravel that comes from Bogor.
2.2 Research Methods
In this study using experimental methods by conducting variables mixing bamboo fibers as well as substitution of cement by using fly ash and substitution of coarse aggregates with glass waste against concrete mixture which is to obtain data - data and results from this study. According to Setyanto, (2013) , revealed that the experimental method is a research procedure conducted to reveal the causal relationship of two or more variables, with manipulation or treatment of the influence of other variables. According to Bambang Prasetyo, (2005), experimental research is usually conducted in a place called labolatorium.
The research variables in this research consist of three kinds. The first variable is a free variable (independent variable) that is notified X1,X2 and X3 the second variable is a dependent variable that is notified Y. Free variables (X1),, (X2) and (X3) determine changes to the bound variable (Y), but regardless of the influence of the bound variable. While a bound variable (Y) is a variable that is affected by a free variable (X). In this study it was determined that variables are free. Free variable (X1) is concrete that is added glass waste as coarse aggregate substitution,on free variable (X2) in the form of fly ash as cement substitution,, on free variable (X3) in the form of concrete added bamboo fiber and variable bound (Y) is strong press concrete.
The percentage of bamboo fiber addition as much as 0% ; 1%; 1,5%; and 2%, the percentage of additions substitutes glass waste with coarse aggregates of 0%; 5%; and 9% and by substituting fly ash with cement by
Figure 1 Flowchart Source: Research Data
Table 1. Material requirements for 1m3 concrete with FC 50 MPa quality
Materials Needs
Cement 640,625
Water 205
Sand 428,225
Gravel 1101,15
The research was conducted as many as 8 variations of mixture plus normal concrete as control concrete. Each variation per day there are 3 samples. So, the total of all variations plus normal concrete as much as 50 samples. Here is the amount of material needs for each cylinder 15x30 cm:
Table 2. Material requirement for 1 cylinder 15x30 cm
Subtitution Mix Materials
Bamboo Fiber Waste Glass Fly Ash Cement Water Sand Gravel
1%
40,80 5% 350 7,50% 306 4080 1300 2725 7000
40,80 9% 630 10% 408 4080 1300 2725 7000
1,50%
61,20 5% 350 7,50% 306 4080 1300 2725 7000
61,20 9% 630 10,00% 408 4080 1300 2725 7000
2%
81,60 5% 350 7,50% 306 4080 1300 2725 7000
81,60 9% 630 10,00% 408 4080 1300 2725 7000
2.3 Place and Time of Research
1. Venue : Laboratotium Structure and Building Materials Civil Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Mercu Buana University Bekasi Campus D.
2. Time : November 2020 to January 2021
3. Results And Discussion
3.1 Glass Waste Gradation TestingFigure 2. Glass Waste Source : Research Data
Glass waste gradation analysis is needed to know the size of granules to be used in the mixture, the size of the waste gradation kaca is used as a substitute material for coarse aggregat, the granules used are the same as the fine aggregate passes sieve no. 4.
Table 3. Glass Waste Filter Test Results Dry Material Weight: 1000 gr Sieve Weight Held Amount of
Weight Held
Percentage Amount Stuck Skip
50.80 (2") 0 0
36.10 (1
1/2") 0 0 100,00
25.40 (1") 0 0 0,00 100,00
19.10 (3/4") 440 440 44,00 56,00
6.3 (1/4") 370 810 81,00 19,00
No. 4 190 1000 100,00 0,00
No. 8 0 1000 100,00 -
No. 12 0 1000 100,00 -
No. 16 0 1000 100,00 -
No. 30 0 1000 100,00 -
No. 50 0 1000 100,00 -
No. 100 0 1000 100,00 -
No. 200 0 1000 100,00 -
Pan 0 1000 100,00 0,00
Fineness Modulus: 7,25 3.2 Slump Testing (Workability)
Slump testing (workability)is required to determine the level of fresh concrete inso culprit. The higher the slump value, the more diluted and easy to work with, and vice versa. In this study researchers planned a slump value of 6-18 cm.
Figure 3. Slump Test Results Graph Source : Research Data
3.3 Results of Strong Concrete Press
The testing of strong concrete press is done using cylindrical mold with a size of 30 x 15 cm consisting of variations and each variation there are 3 samples and 2 normal concrete as a reference or control. In conducting a strong press test conducted on the 14th and 28th days
6 108 1214 16 18
1% BAMBOO… 1.5% BAMBOO… 2% BAMBOO…
5% WASTE GLASS 7,5%
FLY ASH 9% WASTE GLASS 10%
FLY ASH
Figure 4. Concrete Press Strong Comparison Result Chart
Source : Research Data
Based on the conclusion of the results of the strong press mix design above that the best variation results are in 1SB 5LK 7.5FA It occurs because with the addition of the right and the measure of existing glass waste causes the addition of compressive strength caused by the fiber contained in the concrete.
4. Conclusion
Based on the results of testing and analysis on the influence of rough aggregates with glass waste and cement subsite with fly ash on high quality bamboo fiber concrete can be drawn a conclusion as follows:
1. Based on the results of bamboo fibers and plasticizer as an added material, fly ash as a substitute for cement with glass waste as a substitute for rough aggregate against high quality concrete press strength. The larger the mixture of bamboo fibers, glass waste and fly ash in the concrete mixture makes the decrease in the value of strong press concrete due to the increasing absorption of water yang occurs resulting in concrete has a sap nature .
2. Based on the results of concrete quality mixed with substitution materials the highest slump value is found in variations of 2SB 5LK7.5FA which is 12 cm, and the lowest slump value is found in the variation of 2SB 9LK 10FA which is 6 cm, where the result is still in accordance with the calculation of the design mix that is between 60 - 180 mm in accordance with the provisions of SNI 03-2834-2000 3. Based on the results of concrete research with bamboo fiber as glass waste fiber as a substitution of
coarse aggregate and fly ash as cement substitution with variations of substitution variations 1SB 5LK 7.5FA with the results that have been averaged - an average of 50. 79 Mpa for 28 days can be used on the construction of the structure because it has a strong press result that corresponds to the initial planning and for other variations more efficiently.
References
0 20 40 60
14 Days 28 Days
COMPARISON OF THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
OF CONCRETE
NORMAL 1BF 5WG 7,5 FA 1BF 9WG 10FA 1,5BF 5WG 7,5FA 1,5BF 9WG 10FA 2BF 5WG 7,5FA 2BF 9WG 10FA
Yulizar Yusuf, Zamzidar Zuki, Gifyul Refnita. 2013. “Pengaruh Penambahan Abu Terbang (Fly Ash) Terhadap Kuat Tekan Mortar Semen Tipe PCC Serta Analisis Air Laut Yang Digunakan Untuk Perendaman.” Jurnal Prosiding Semirata 1(1).
Biography
Prof. Dr. Syafwandi, M.sc, born in Jakarta on October 13, 1956. He is a lecturer in the faculty of Civil Engineering, Mercu Buana University. Bachelor's degree education was obtained from the University of Indonesia in 1984. Master's degree can be from Bandung Institute of Technology and University College London in 1988. Doctoral education was obtained from Satyagama University in 2005. He has experience as an Engineering Consultant in the Department of Public Works; Department of Disadvantaged Villages; Regional Development Planning Agency, and as Post Graduate Director at Menara Siswa College of Administrative Sciences.
Azis Habib Darisna, Born in Klaten on January 25, 1999. He studied Strata 1 civil engineering program at Mercu Buana University and will graduate in 2021. Graduated from State Vocational High School 2 Bekasi city in 2017. He was an intern at the construction project of Metro Bekasi Police Building on Jl. Pangeran Jayakarta, Harapan Mulya, Bekasi City as an assistant quantity surveyor and field, He was involved as a seminar committee of Civil Engineering Mercu Buana University
