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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH FLYASH AND FINE AGGREGATE WITH GRANITE DUST IN CONCRETE
K.SURIYA PRABHA1 DR.R.UMA MAHESWARI2,
1P.G Scholar, M.E.(Structural Engineering), Anna university regional campus, Madurai.
2Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
University college of Engineering, Dindigul.
Abstract- Indian infrastructure has been elevated in past era, the cost of construction is amplified due to usage of concrete. It is the most trustworthy material for a strong building due to its adaptable, flexible, sculpting and binding nature. The construction industry is facing a great challenge due to high demand and the cost for concrete.While this industry face the threat of concrete price, a substitute industry finds an opportunity. Industrial wastes from granite industry and fly-ash can be used predominantly, as they are in need of safe disposal due to its toxicity on the mother Earth. Fly-ash is a bi-product in the production of electricity in the Thermal power plants by using coal is one of the raw material. It’s high pozzolonic and cementitious property makes a best substitute for concrete mixture. Fly-ash and cement are twin sisters in their chemical and physical properties. Granite powder is best back up for river sand due to its scarcity and the sand mining is a monstrous act against environment. This power is gathered in the process of producing end product of usable granite, though its strength and workability are in the research period. The aim of this project work is to use fly ash 10%, 20% as replacement of cement and to use granite powder in the range of 0%, 25%
and 50% as replacement of fine aggregate. The strength properties will be compared with the conventional concrete after the curing period of 7, 14 and 28 days. The grade of concrete used in this project is M50. Fly ash and granite wastes are to be used so the cost will be comparatively low when compared with normal concrete.
Keywords: Fly Ash, Granite dust, Compressive Strength, Split Tensile, Flexural Strength, Durability strength.
1.INTRODUCTION
Concrete is the most versatile material due to the persistent and continuous demands made on concrete. Civil engineering practice and construction work around the world depend to a very large extent on concrete. Concrete is a mixture of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water in the proper proportions. Each of these components contributes to thestrength of concrete. Hence, the overall cost of the concrete production depends largely on the availability and cost of materials. For its suitability and adaptability with respect to the changing environment. The concrete must be conserve resources, protect the environment, economize and lead to proper utilization of energy. To achieve this major emphasis must be laid on the use of waste and by-products in cement and concrete used for new construction. Research on the usage of waste material is very important
since the material waste is gradually increasing with increase of population and urban development. The advancement of concrete technology can reduce the consumption of natural resources and energy sources and lessen the burden of pollutants on environment.Fly ash is the most widely used supplementary cementitious material in concrete, is a by- product of the combustion of coal in electric power generating plants. Presently large amounts of fly ash are obtained in thermal power plants. In recent days there were many attempts to use fly ash as partial replacement for cement to have higher workability, high strength and to make the concrete more economically available. The reduction in the sources of natural sand and cost of concrete production has resulted in the increased need to identify substitute materials to sand in the production of concrete. Granite dust, a by-
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product from the crushing process during quarrying activities. Quarry dust is to increase the strength of concrete over concrete made with equal quantities of river sand, but it causes a reduction in the workability of concrete. Shrinkage and water absorption is more in quarry dust when compared to that of the natural river sand.To reduce the impact of the granite dust and fly ash on environment and human beings, these waste by-products can be used to produce new products or can be used as admixtures in concrete.
This work describes the feasibility of using granite dust as partial replacement of sand and fly ash as partial replacement of cement in the production of concrete.
1.1 Objective Of The Study
Evaluate Fly ash as a partial replacement of cement.
Evaluate Granite dust as a partial replacement of natural fine aggregate.
Determination of the mechanical properties of M50concrete with partial replacement of Fly ash and granite dust.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Konge Praveen Kumar and C Rajamallu (2016) have carried out a study on a high performance concretewhich is prepared by fly ash and granite dust in different replacement levels. The inclusion of stone dust has desirable effect on concrete mechanical properties which is comparable to normal concrete.
K. Lakshmidevi and A.V. Narasimha Rao (2015) have carried out a study on Effect of Fly Ash and Quarry dust various percentage .The concrete comprising 20% fly ash and 30%
quarry dust is considered to be the optimum mix from compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete point of view as well as from quality point of view.
S.V.V.K.Babu et.al. (2015) have carried out a study on a high performance concrete which is prepared by fly ash and granite dust in different replacement levels.
Concrete with optimum replacement percentage is 25% fly ash and 100%
Stone dust. Hence fly ash and stone dust replacement is effective for HPC in order to attain high strength.
Compare to nominal concrete HPC concrete attain increase % strength by using lower water/binder ratio. Also reduce the segregation and bleeding.
3. MATERIALS & PROPERTIES Cement
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of 43 grade confirming to IS:1489-1991 (Part II) are used in this study. Initial tests are carried out.Specific gravity of cement 3.15, Initial setting time 30 mins and final setting time test 10 hr.
Fine Aggregate
Sieve analysis is used to determine the particle size distribution of the fine aggregates. This is done by sieving the aggregates as per IS: 2386 (Part I) – 1963.
Initial tests are carried out. Specific gravity 2.72 and fineness modulus 3.2(zone III).
Coarse Aggregate
The grading of coarse aggregate should be as per specifications of IS 383- 1970.Initial tests are carried out. Angular shape aggregate which passes through 20 mm sieve and retain on 10mm are used as coarse aggregate in this project work.
Specific gravity 2.64 and fineness modulus 7.17.
Water
Water plays an important role in the formation of concrete Natural water that is drinkable and has no pronounced taste or odour can be used. Water from lakes and streams are also usually suitable.
Fly Ash
Fly ash was collected from by- product from coal burning in the thermal power plant. This fly ash is not utilized is piled up high, creating environmental problem to people living the neighbouring area. Used in concrete properties such as better Workability Compressive and Flexural Strength, Durability reduced
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permeability, Bleeding Segregation and expansion caused by to alkali silica reaction.
Granite Dust
Granit powder is obtaining from granite quarry material. It has similar pozzolanic materials such as silica fume, fly ash, slag, and others. These products can be used as a filler material substituting sand to reduce the void content in concrete. Granite is an igneous rocks which is commonly used as a building materials in the field of construction in various forms. Specific gravity 2.72, water absorption 1.5% and fineness modulus 2.74.
4. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM Mix design:
Concrete mix design M50 was designed based on IS: 10262-1982, IS: 456-2000.
Mix proportion for this project is 1:1.12:1.92 and w/c is 0.35 is adopted.The tests were carried out in accordance with relevant IS Standards .For compressive strength 63 NOS cube specimens of size 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm, for flexural strength studies 63 NOS prism specimens of size 100 mm x 100 mm x 500 mm and 63 NOS cylinder specimens of size 300 mm height and 150 mm diameter for split tensile strength studies were prepared.
Table 4.1.Details of specimens
Mix % Of Fly ash +
%Of Granite dust
CC Conventional
concrete
M1 10%+0%
M2 10%+25%
M3 10%+50%
M4 20%+0%
M5 20%+25%
M6 20%+50%
5. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 5.1. Compressive strength Test
After 7 days, 14 days and 28 days of curing, three 150mm cubes of a concrete mixture were tested using the compression machine. These cubes were loaded on their sides during compression testing such that the load was exerted perpendicularly to the
direction of casting. The average value of the three cubes was taken as the compressive strength.
Table: 5.1 Compressive strength in (N/mm2)
Mix Compressive Strength (N/mm2)
7 days 14 days 28 days
CC 35.4 46.2 52.76
M1 36.9 46.83 57.06
M2 37.3 46.7 55.78
M3 35.73 45.67 53.6
M4 34.8 47.2 55.47
M5 38.7 48.6 59.35
M6 37.47 46.57 56.56
Fig. 5.1 compressive strength
It is observed that compressive strength increases from 18 to 25% .Compressive strength goes on increasing by increase in fly ash &granite dust percentage up to the optimum value. The optimum value of fly ash & granite dust content of concrete was found to be 20% & 25%.
5.2. Split tensilestrength Test
The test was carried out by placing the cylindrical specimen horizontally between the loading surfaces of a compression testing machine and load is applied until the initial crack of the specimen occurs, along the diameter.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
CC M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6
Compressive strength( N/mm2)
Concrete mix Compressive strength
7 days 14 days 28 days
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0 2 4 6 8 10 12
CC M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6
Flexural tensile strength(N/mm2)
Concrete mix Flexural tensile strength
7 days 14 days 28 days
Table: 5.3 Split tensile strength (N/mm2) Mix Split Tensile Strength
(N/mm2)
7 days 14 days 28 days
CC 2.59 3.12 3.93
M1 2.7 3.04 3.48
M2 3.01 3.11 3.99
M3 3.06 3.14 4.12
M4 2.86 3.49 3.72
M5 3.37 3.94 4.83
M6 2.68 3.78 4.32
Fig 5.2 Split tensile strength
It is observed that split tensile strength increases from 7 to 45%. The tensile strength of concrete goes on increasing with the increase in fly ash & granite dust content up to the optimum value. The optimum value for fly ash & granite dust was found to be 20% & 25% in concrete.
5.3. Flexural Strength Test
The test was carried out on 100mm Х100mm Х500mm size prism. The test was carried out on a universal testing machine of 400kN capacity, adopting two point loading. The bearing surfaces of the supporting and loading rollers are wiped clean, and any loose sand or other material removed from the surfaces of the specimen.
The specimen was placed in the UTM and that the load was applied to the uppermost surface as cast in the mould, along two lines spaced 20cm apart. The load was increased until the specimen fails, and the
maximum load applied to the specimen during the test was recorded and appearance of the fractured faces of concrete was noted.
Table: 5.4 Flexural strength (N/mm2) Mix Flexural Tensile Strength
(N/mm2)
7 days 14 days 28 days
CC 4.47 6.19 7.08
M1 6.8 8.11 9.45
M2 7.17 8.14 9.55
M3 6.63 8.86 10.04
M4 7.03 8.47 9.87
M5 7.83 10.09 11.52
M6 6.7 8.18 9.27
Fig 5.3. Flexural strength
It is observed that flexural strength increases from 15 to 53%. The flexural strength of concrete goes on increasing with the increase in fly ash &granite dust content up to the optimum value. The optimum value for fly ash & granite dust was found to be 20% & 25% in concrete.
5.4 Acid resistance test
The durability of concrete is defined as its ability to resist weathering action, chemical attack, abrasion, or any other process of deterioration. Durable concrete will retain its original form, quality, and serviceability when exposed to its environment. For acid attack the test concrete cube of size 150x150x150 are prepared.The specimen are cast and cured in mould for 24 hours, after 24 hours the entire specimen are demoulded and kept in curing tank for 7
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
CC M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6
Split tensile strength(N/mm2)
Concrete mix Split tensile strength
7 days 14 days 28 days
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days. After 7 days specimens are immersed in 5% HCL solution for 30 days.
Table: 5.5 Compressive strength(N/mm2) Mix Compressive strength
N/mm2) Normal water
curing Acid curing
CC 52.76 43.89
M1 57.06 47.65
M2 55.78 46.29
M3 53.6 44.76
M4 55.47 46.45
M5 59.35 49.08
M6 56.56 45.98
Fig. 5.4Compressive strength
It is observed that acid curing test results, its compressive strength of optimum value is 49.05%. The optimum value for fly ash &
granite dust was found to be 20% & 25% in concrete.
6. CONCLUSION
1. It is observed that the workability of fly ash &granite dust concrete gets reduced as the percentage of fly ash &
granite dust increases.
2. It is observed that compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength are on higher side for 20% of fly ash & 25% granite dust as compared to other concrete mixes.
3. Finally this project concludes the making fly ash & granite dust concrete, the test results show that the partially replacing fly ash & granite dust
resulted in a significant increase in concrete compressive strength compared with the control concrete.
4. It will reduce the cost of the concrete materials and eliminates the environmental pollution and hazards caused due to the disposal of these waste by-products on land.
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