VOLUME: 07, Issue 07, Paper id-IJIERM-VII-VII, September 2020
26IMPROVED CLUSTER BASED ROUTING PROTOCOLS TO BALANCE THE ENERGY DISTRIBUTION IN WSN
1Paridhi Gupta, M.Tech Scholar, BTIRT, Sagar
2Prateeksha Singhai, Asst. Prof., BTIRT, Sagar
Abstract:- In today’s world use of wireless communication is spread out worldwide. Cluster based routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been widely used for better performance in terms of energy efficiency. Efficient use of energy is challenging task of designing these protocols. In this thesis work four Clusterbasedroutingprotocols has been compared in terms of energy consumption, stability period and life time of the entire network. The Cluster based routing protocols, SEP (Stable Election Protocol), DEEC (Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering), TEEN (Threshold Sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol) and LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Protocol) along with the improved version of all are compared to achieve the better communication in Wireless framework. iSEP, iDEEC, iTEEN and iLEACH has been proposed and simulated in MATLAB environment. After investigation and study of the simulation output it is found that the proposed protocols are effective in terms of stability period of the network, balanced energy distribution and life time of the entire network.
Keywords:- DEEC, TEEN, SEP, LEACH, iDEEC, iTEEN, iSEP, iLEACH.
1. INTRODUCTION
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has played a contributory role in modern wireless and communication system. With a wide range of applications exercised in environmental monitoring, process management, industrial monitoring, healthcare monitoring, WSN is one of the most attentive topicinre search area.
Along with various advantages associated with sensor, there are potential flaws in this topic. A sensor node is characterized by limited memory, limited energy, restricted computational capability.
There are series of issues that are stillleftun solved viz. routing, band width, security, energy, quality of service and many more. A sensor operate son a principle of radio energy principle, which means that there is a closer relationship between energy dissipation and communication performance. With wide range of availability of routing protocols, only few hierarchical routing protocols are found to provide energy efficiency in wireless sensor network.
An optimal routing performance will easily require higher power requirement during routing that significantly reduce the network lifetime of the wireless sensor network. However, the closer investigation shows that energy is the root cause for all form of performance degradation.
The applications of WSN are as follows:- 1. Environmental Monitoring: Sensors
can be used in the surrounding to capture the forest fire, data
of rainfall, precipitation, pollution, landslide, natural calamities, level of pollution etc.
2. Process Management: Various forms of process in factories or industries for example chemical plant, nuclear plant, roadways, airport etc. can bee valuated using sensor nodes.
3. Industrial Monitoring: Sensors are also used for capturing the information about data logging, structural health monitoring, evaluating the health of complex machineries system.
4. Healthcare Monitoring: Sensor nodes can also be used to capture vital statistics as well as certain clinical information to understand specific medical condition of a patient.
2. WORK STUDY
1. Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is one of clustering routing protocols on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). LEACH algorithm is divided to setup phase and steady state phase. In a busy network, LEACH Routing has a high packet loss. To solve the problem, we need Delay Tolerant Network (DTN). DTN is an advanced architecture that allows communication in extreme conditions like a busy network. In this research, LEACH-WSN changes to optimize the
VOLUME: 07, Issue 07, Paper id-IJIERM-VII-VII, September 2020
27 network by adding DTN to LEACH-WSN over DTN. The LEACH-WSN modification by providing a bundle layer to keep the data temporarily.
Simulation is performed to test the performance of LEACH-WSN over DTN based on changes in the number of node and buffer capacity.
2. It is developed a system for web based environment monitoring using the WSN Technology. WSN sensor nodes transmit data to the cloud-based database via Web API request.
Measured data can be monitored by the user anywhere from internet by using the Web Application which one is also compatible for mobile phones.
If the data measured by sensor node exceeds the configured value range in Web Application, Web Application sends a warning e-mail to users for improving environmental conditions.
3. Air and Water are the most important resources of the planet that we use daily for sustaining life. Air quality affects all living creatures, from trees and plants to animals and people. Air quality, especially in the trend of more industrialized cities and with a rapid growing population of cars, is degrading. Continuous monitoring allows the national administrations to take measures in order to reduce pollution and toxic compounds in the air and prevent further degrading of the air quality. From drinking and producing electricity in hydroelectric power plants to cooling nuclear reactors, water is one of the most common substances that we must manage. In flood management applications, hydroelectric dams, city water infrastructure, and other environmental monitoring applications the high distance between measurement points determine engineers and scientists to use autonomous low power wireless data acquisition systems that are independent on a permanent power supply.
4. A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of small sensor nodes. Sensors are used to monitor physical or environmental conditions. WSNs are particularly used in military and civilian
applications. As WSNs are generally deployed in an unattended area, they are prone to various types of attacks.
One of the harmful attacks is Sybil attack in which a node illegitimately claims multiple identities. In this scenario, legitimate node shares data to the malicious node and the data are lost. So that it becomes necessary to secure the network from this type of attack.
3. PROPOSED WORK
SEP, DEEC, LEACH, and TEEN protocols along with iSEP, iDEEC, iLEACH, and iTEEN are the proposed protocols for this thesis work. In this thesis all the proposed protocols are considered under observation. Simulation is done on all the protocols which are under consideration. Graphs are plotted between Number of rounds for cluster head selection on x-axis and number of alive nodes on y-axis.
Comparative results are obtained. The simulated results show that the stability, life time and energy distribution of the WSN.For performance evaluation MATLAB software is used. The prime goals in doing simulations was to compare performance of with SEP, DEEC, LEACH, and TEEN protocols with their improved versions on the basis of energy dissipation and longevity of network.
Performance metrics used in the simulations are:-
1. Stability period, the period from the start of the network operation and the first dead node.
2. Instability period, the period between the first dead node and last dead node.
3. Number of alive nodes per round.
4. Number of dead nodes per round.
5. Throughput, number of packets sent from cluster heads to base station.
A network consisting of 100 nodes, placed randomly in a region of MxM and a BS located in the center is considered. We performed simulations for different values of α and m while keeping b constant that is 0.3. For the first case α = 1, m = 0.1, for second case α = 3 and m = 0.2. This is done to observe change in network’s stability, life and throughput relative to increase in number of advance nodes and their energies.
Comparison of protocols SEP, LEACH, TEEN, and DEEC regarding alive and dead nodes, relative to number of rounds.
Comparing all these protocols, SEP and LEACH being heterogeneous, probability based
VOLUME: 07, Issue 07, Paper id-IJIERM-VII-VII, September 2020
28 protocols result in approximately equalstability period and network life. As in SEP and LEACH, CHs selection is based on probability, while, if LEACH would be considered with homogeneity then there would be a large difference.
4. RESULT
TEEN is homogeneous routing protocol All nodes have the same energy level Low energy nodes move towards sleep mode for some rounds to save energy Node deplete balance
energy to prolong stability period and network lifetime.
SEP and DEEC are heterogeneous routing protocol having normal and advance sensor nodes Advance nodes have more energy than normal nodes The death ratio of normal nodes is greater than advance nodes Ratio of normal nodes in sleep mode is greater than advance nodes due to less energy Sensor nodes consume balance energy and enhance the network lifetime.
Fig. 1 Comparison of protocols TEEN and iTEEN regarding alive and dead nodes
Fig. 2 Comparison of protocols DEEC and iDEEC regarding alive and dead nodes
VOLUME: 07, Issue 07, Paper id-IJIERM-VII-VII, September 2020
29Fig. 3 Comparison of protocols SEP and iSEP regarding alive and dead nodes
Fig. 4 Comparison of protocols LEACH and iLEACH regarding alive and dead nodes All the routing protocols are compared with
the improved version of each separately. It is noted that all the proposed protocols perform better in terms of energy consumption, stability of the network and life time of the network. Simulation is done for 3500 rounds of CH selection for each protocol.
5. CONCLUSION
In this thesis, energy consumption, stability period of the network and lifetime of the network are the basic concern in LEACH, TEEN, DEEC and SEP protocols. The energy distribution in homogeneous and hetero generous routing protocols has been discussed here. The approach in LEACH, TEEN, DEEC and SEP routing protocol has been implemented along with improved protocols like iLEACH, iTEEN, Idee Candi SEP. Due to random
deployment in these protocols, there exists the probability of energy holes.
A f t e r the proposed scheme, a better energy consumption is achieved. As for network life time, this work clearly gives the results in terms of network lifetime and stability period. Sensor nodes consume balance energy, and hence maximize the network lifetime. In comparison with SEP, LEACH, DEEC and TEEN it can be concluded that our protocol will perform well in small as well as large sized networks.
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