Introduction to Microbiology: Origin, Scope and Discovery of Spontaneous Generation Theory, Contributions of Antony Van Leewenhoek, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch and Joseph Lister. Course Outcome: Student will know the pre-formulation parameters in designing the dosage form, ICH guidelines, preparation and evaluation of semi-solids, ophthalmic and cosmetics. Stability and bioavailability study of prodrugs in solving problems related to stability bioavailability in formulations.
Tablet coating: Types of coating, coating materials and their selection, coating solution formulation, coating equipment, coating processes and evaluation of coated tablets. Spray drying, spray congealing, complex emulsion polymerization, air suspension technique and pan coating techniques and evaluation of microcapsules. General pharmacology: Introduction to pharmacology, sources of drugs, dosage forms and routes of administration, Absorption, distribution, Metabolism and excretion of drugs, mechanism of action, combined effect of drugs, factors modifying drug action, Adverse reactions of drugs, tolerance and addiction, pharmacogenetics, principles of drug discovery and stages of drug development.
Course outcome: After completing the course, the student will be able to know about the phytopharmaceuticals of commercial importance and the different applications of the raw materials in the preparation of formulations as medicines and excipients (Flavors, perfumes, sweeteners and dyes) . Introduction to drug regulatory affairs, organizational structure of India, in central and state department of drug controller of India and their function. Course Outcome: Students will understand the various aspects related to process development and synthesis from pilot preparation to mass medicine.
Evaluation of packaging materials such as glass, plastic, cotton (hydrolysis resistance test for glass) and light absorption test for rubber and closures.
Introduction to Experimental Pharmacology a) Preparation of different solutions for experiments
Course objective: to enable students to absorb and internalize values and ethical behavior in their personal and professional life. Course outcome: Students will understand the importance of values and ethics in their personal life and professional career. Students will learn rights and responsibilities as an employee, team member and global citizen.
Introduction to Professional Ethics: Basic Concepts, Leadership Ethics, Personal and Professional Ethics, Ethical Dilemmas, Life Skills, Emotional Intelligence, Ethics Thoughts, Values Education, Dimensions of Ethics, Profession and Professionalism, Professional Associations, Professionals, Professionals, Professionals , Professionals and Professionals Success, Ethics and Profession. Professional Practices in Engineering: Professions and Norms of Professional Conduct, Norms of Professional Conduct vs. Profession; Responsibilities, obligations and moral values in professional ethics, codes of professional ethics, limits of predictability and responsibilities of the engineering profession.
Workplace rights and responsibilities, ethics in changing fields of research, engineers and managers; Organizational Appeals Procedure, Difference in Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Expert Judgment, Hanford Nuclear Reservation. Ethics in Changing Fields of Research - General definition of US government research misconduct, research misconduct as distinguished from errors and mistakes, recent history of attention to research misconduct, increasing emphasis on understanding and promoting responsible conduct, responsible authorship , reviewing and editing. Global Issues in Professional Ethics: Introduction – Current Scenario, Technological Globalization of Multinational Enterprises, International Trade, World Summits, Issues, Business Ethics and Corporate Governance, Sustainable Development Ecosystem, Energy Concerns, Ozone Depletion, Pollution, Ethics in Production and Marketing, Media ethics; Ethics of war; Bioethics, intellectual property rights.
Course objectives: The basic consideration of drug activity, drug metabolism and medicinal substances belonging to different categories are discussed in an extensive manner. The synthesis and mechanism of action of the medicinal compounds are explained in an organized manner which helps the students to understand the medicinal uses of the compounds. Course outcome: The students gain good knowledge about the use of medicinal substances, the synthesis and drug-drug interactions, so that they can confidently engage in patient counseling.
Basic considerations of drug activity: Physicochemical properties of drug molecules in relation to biological activity - Solubility, lipophilicity, partition coefficient, ionization, hydrogen bonding, chelation, redox potential and surface activity. Bioisosterism and Steric Characteristics of Drugs, Drug Distribution and Protein Binding: Introduction to Pro and Soft Drug Approaches. Note: Introduction, definition, nomenclature, chemical classification, structure, synthesis, general mechanism and mode of action, SAR including physicochemical and stereochemical aspects, metabolism and therapeutic uses of the drugs of each category are to be studied for the following units.
UNIT V
Course objectives: The student will know the formulation and evaluation of tablets, coated tablets, capsules, microcapsules and parenteral preparations in laboratories and industrial scale. Course outcomes: The students must be exposed to various aspects of pharmaceutical preparations and evaluations of tablets, capsules etc. Semi-solid dosage forms: Definitions, types, mechanisms of drug penetration, factors affecting penetration, semi-solid bases and their selection.
Preformulation factors, routes of administration, water for injection, pyrogenicity of treatment, non-aqueous solvents, isotonicity and methods of its adjustment. Pre-filling, washing and sterilization of containers and stoppers, preparation of solutions and suspensions, filling and sealing of ampoules, vials, infusion fluids, lyophilization and preparation of sterile powders, equipment for large-scale production and evaluation of parenteral products. Factors influencing the choice of containers, packaging testing, legal and other official requirements for containers, packaging testing.
Methods of packaging solid, liquid and semi-solid dosage forms, Factors influencing packaging materials and stability aspects of packaging. Course objectives: This subject provides an opportunity for the student to learn more about the drug in relation to classification, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic aspects, adverse effects, uses, dosage, route of administration, precautions, contraindications and interaction with other drugs. Course outcome: Understand the pharmacological aspects of drugs, importance of pharmacology subject as a basis of therapeutics and correlate the knowledge therapeutically.
Autacoids
This subject offers the student an opportunity to learn about the drug in relation to classification, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic aspects, adverse effects, uses, dosage, route of administration, precautions, contraindications and interaction with other drugs. The chemistry, including the structural elucidation of the natural products belonging to different groups such as amino acids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, steroids, etc. Course outcome: The knowledge of the students is strengthened with the clear information about the natural products that have medicinal value. a) Carbohydrates: introduction, definition, classification, isolation, general properties (including isomerism) and pharmaceutical importance of carbohydrates, chemistry (structure, nomenclature and reactions) of glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, cellulose and starch.
Chemistry (structure, nomenclature and reactions) of oils and fats and analysis according to pharmacopoeial methods. Introduction, definition, classification, isolation, general properties and pharmaceutical importance of amino acids and their relationship to proteins and polypeptides. Flavonoids: Sources, Uses, Chemistry and General Methods for Structural Determination (Chemical and Spectral Analysis) of Amygdalin, Arbutin and Quercetin.
Terpenoids: Definition and classification: Isoprene rule, Special isoprene rule for terpenes, General methods of isolation.
Steroids
Learn the process of generic drug development, formulation and development of pharmaceutical forms, analytical method development and documentation approval process. Course outcome: Students' knowledge is upgraded with clear information on the development of a generic product. Dosage form design to achieve equivalency to a drug from the reference list, product development steps, formula optimization, process optimization and packaging selection.
Course Objectives: Emphasizes the conceptual background and development of medicinal chemistry and drug design. Course Outcome: The students would be able to identify leads for the design of new drugs, to design and discover the new drus with the knowledge acquired through the study of the various topics of the syllabus. Course Objectives: - Students will study about various drug screening techniques for different pharmacological activities and guidelines for animal handling and human and animal ethics for drug screening.
Course results: - The expected results are that the student will be able to handle animals and know different drug screening techniques for various pharmacological activities, as well as guidelines and regulations for screening new drug molecules on animals and human volunteers. Pharmacological action of new active substances with an emphasis on the assessment of analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory action. Advanced English Communication Skills (AECS) lab course is considered essential at the third year level of B.Tech and B.Pharmacy courses.
At this stage, the students have to prepare themselves for their career which requires them to read, speak and write in English both for their professional and interpersonal communication. The main objective of this course is to prepare the students of Engineering for their placements. Writing skills – Structure and presentation of different types of writing – Letter writing/ CV writing/ e-correspondence/ Technical report writing.
