mass Gasification by the use of Rice Husk Gasifier - IRD India

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International Journal of Recent Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJRAET)

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Biomass Gasification by the use of Rice Husk Gasifier

1Arjyadhara Pradhan,

1&2School of Electrical Engineering , KIIT University

3Department of Electrical and

Abstract – Gasification is a process that converts organic or fossil based carbonaceous

carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide process of producing energy using the gasification method has been in use for more than 180 years.

During that time coal and peat were used to power these plants. Initially developed to produce

for lighting & cooking in 1800s, this was replaced by electricity and natural gas, it was also used in furnaces but the bigger role was played in the production of synthetic chemicals where it has been in use since the 1920s.In this article mainly Biomass Gasification process and a case study of Rice Gasifier using Biomass Gasification is studies.

Keywords – Gasification, gasozene, syngas, pyrolysis , devolatilasation, Fischer-Tropsch.

I. INTRODUCTION

In order to save energy, reduce pollution, extensive use local rich biomass resources, Rice husk gasification power generation technology, converting biomass to green electricity. Power plant will not discharge pollution due to adopt biomass as fuel materi Biomass resource achieve high efficiency utilization .Gasification process is achieved by reacting the material at high temperatures (>700°C), without combustion, with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or

resulting gas mixture is called syngas

gas or synthetic gas) or producer gas and is itself a fuel.

The power derived from gasification of biomass and combustion of the resultant gas is considered to be a source of renewable energy; the gasification of fossil fuel derived materials such as plastic is not considered to be renewable energy.

II. BIOMASS

Biomass is carbon, hydrogen and oxygen based.

Biomass energy is derived from five distinct energy sources: garbage, wood, waste,

and alcohol fuels. Wood energy is derived both from direct use of harvested wood as a fuel and from wood waste streams. The largest source of energy from wood is pulping liquor or “black liquor,” a waste product from processes of the pulp, paper and paperboard industry.

Waste energy is the second-largest source of biomass

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ISSN (Online): 2347 - 2812, Volume 14

Biomass Gasification by the use of Rice Husk Gasifier

Arjyadhara Pradhan, ²S. M Ali & ³Ritesh Dash School of Electrical Engineering , KIIT University Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, ABIT, Cuttack

is a process that converts carbonaceous materials into carbon dioxide. The process of producing energy using the gasification method has been in use for more than 180 years.

were used to power these plants. Initially developed to produce town gas , this was replaced by , it was also used in blast was played in the chemicals where it has been in use since the 1920s.In this article mainly Biomass Gasification process and a case study of Rice husk Gasifier using Biomass Gasification is studies.

, gasozene, syngas, pyrolysis ,

INTRODUCTION

In order to save energy, reduce pollution, extensive use local rich biomass resources, Rice husk gasification power generation technology, converting biomass to green electricity. Power plant will not discharge pollution due to adopt biomass as fuel materials.

Biomass resource achieve high efficiency utilization .Gasification process is achieved by reacting the material at high temperatures (>700°C), without combustion, and/or steam. The syngas (from synthesis and is itself a fuel.

The power derived from gasification of biomass and combustion of the resultant gas is considered to be a

; the gasification of fossil fuel derived materials such as plastic is not considered to

Biomass is carbon, hydrogen and oxygen based.

Biomass energy is derived from five distinct energy ources: garbage, wood, waste, landfill gases, . Wood energy is derived both from ct use of harvested wood as a fuel and from wood waste streams. The largest source of energy from wood ,” a waste product from , paper and paperboard industry.

largest source of biomass

energy. The main contributors of energy are municipal solid waste manufacturing waste, and landfill gas

fuel, or ethanol, is derived primarily from sugarcane and corn. It can be used directly as a fuel or as an additive to gasoline.

to other usable forms of energy like methane gas or transportation fuels like ethanol and biodiesel.

III. GASIFICATION

1. The dehydration or drying process occurs at around 100°C. Typically the resulting steam is mixed into the gas flow and may be involved with subsequent chemical reactions, notably the water-gas reaction if the temperature is sufficiently high enough.

2. The pyrolysis (or devolatilization) process occurs at around 200-300°C. Volatiles are released and char is produced, resulting in up to 70% we loss for coal. The process is dependent on the properties of the carbonaceous material and determines the structure and composition of the char, which will then undergo gasification reactions.

3. The combustion process occurs as the volatile products and some of the char reacts with oxygen to primarily form carbon dioxide and small amounts of carbon monoxide, which provides heat for the subsequent gasification reactions.

Letting C represent a carbon

compound, the basic reaction here is

4. The gasification process occurs as the char reacts with carbon and steam to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen, via the reaction

5. In addition, the reversible shift reaction reaches equilibrium

temperatures in a gasifier. This balances the concentrations of carbon monoxide, steam,

carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

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2812, Volume-7, Issue -1, 2019

Biomass Gasification by the use of Rice Husk Gasifier

Electronics Engineering, ABIT, Cuttack

energy. The main contributors of waste solid waste (MSW), landfill gas. Biomass alcohol , is derived primarily . It can be used directly as a fuel Biomass can be converted to other usable forms of energy like methane gas or

fuels like ethanol and biodiesel.

GASIFICATION OF CHARCOAL

or drying process occurs at around 100°C. Typically the resulting steam is mixed into the gas flow and may be involved with subsequent chemical reactions, notably the gas reaction if the temperature is sufficiently high enough.

(or devolatilization) process occurs 300°C. Volatiles are released and is produced, resulting in up to 70% weight loss for coal. The process is dependent on the properties of the carbonaceous material and determines the structure and composition of the char, which will then undergo gasification

process occurs as the volatile products and some of the char reacts with oxygen to primarily form carbon dioxide and small amounts of carbon monoxide, which provides heat for the subsequent gasification reactions.

represent a carbon-containing organic , the basic reaction here is

process occurs as the char reacts with carbon and steam to produce carbon ide and hydrogen, via the reaction

reversible gas phase water gas equilibrium very fast at the temperatures in a gasifier. This balances the concentrations of carbon monoxide, steam,

ide and hydrogen.

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ISSN (Online): 2347 - 2812, Volume-7, Issue -1, 2019 15

IV. ADVANTAGES OF GASIFICATION

The advantage of gasification is that using the syngas is potentially more efficient than direct combustion of the original fuel because it can be combusted at higher temperatures or even in fuel cells, so that the thermodynamic upper limit to the efficiency defined by Carnot's rule is higher or not applicable. Syngas may be burned directly in gas engines, used to produce methanol and hydrogen, or converted via the Fischer-Tropsch process into synthetic fuel. Gasification can also begin with material which would otherwise have been disposed of such as biodegradable waste. In addition, the high-temperature process refines out corrosive ash elements such as chloride and potassium, allowing clean gas production from otherwise problematicfuels.

Fig : Shows various zone of Gasifier

V. TYPES OF GASIFIER

 counter-current fixed bed

 co-current fixed bed

 fluidized bed

 entrained flow

 plasma

 free radical

VI. RICE HUSK GASIFIER

Rice husk will be main fuel material of Rice husk gasifier power generation plants, the analysis of rice husk is given as an example.

VII. STRUCTURE OF RICE HUSK GASIFIER SYSTEM

The gasification system includes:

1. Feeder

2. Circulation fluidized bed gasifier 3. Cyclone separator

4. Air pre heater 5. Blower

6. Induced draft fan 7. Ash device

8. Automatic controlling device

VIII. TECHNOLOGY ROUTE

The Technology Route adopt combination of circulation fluidized bed gasification furnace and internal combustion engine to achieve utilization of rice husk resource. Meanwhile, according to clients demand, surplus heat boiler will be used for collect the surplus heat of fuel gas and exhaust gas from generator, finishing comprehensive utilization of energy.

IX. PROCESS

As shown, the gasifier is a small unit with 40-cm diameter reactor equipped with 3-in., 220-volt electric blower to provide the air needed in gasifying rice husks to produce carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) gases. Rice husk is fed at the top end of the reactor either manually using a ladder or with the use of a bucket elevator. On the other hand, char is removed from beneath the char box using a screw conveyor. The gas coming out of the reactor is conditioned by allowing it to pass through the gas-cleaning devices which consisted of wet scrubbers, tar condenser, and a series of packed and bag filters. The gas is fueled to a 3-cylinder, 12-valve surplus Susuki engine which directly drive a 10-kWe AC synchronous generator at a speed of 1,800 rpm producing 220 volt current. A total of 160 pieces of 50-watt bulbs can be energized by the plant for 8 to 10 hours continuous operation. The plant consumes rice husks at an average rate of 19 kg per hour. The gas temperature coming out of the reactor ranges from 400 to 550°C. It dropped between 50 to 70°C after passing the wet scrubbers, and further cooled down between 35 to 42°C before entering the intake manifold of the engine. Gas flow rate is at 24 Nm3 per hour. The engine is entirely fueled by the gas generated, except at the start-up and at the end of the operation. Furthermore, a parasitic load of 15% of the power output is needed to run the plant itself.

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PICS

Fig : Shows rice husk gasifier

X. ADVANTAGE OF RICE HUSK GASIFIER SYSTEM

The advantage features of the gasifier system are:

(1) It makes use of available wastes in rural areas to fuel engines that usually drive Generators.

(2) The tar problem which is common among conventional rice husk gasifier systems is eliminated in this gasifier technology.

(3) Operation can be done continuously without the need to restart the reactor;

(4) It can easily be adopted with surplus spark- ignition engine that is readily available in the locality.

(5) The technology can be locally produced making use of available fabrication resources and skills.

(6) It can be scaled up to meet the power demand of a certain community or application.

(7) Investment and operation costs are at the reach of the local community.

XI. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

Rice husk belong to renewable clean energy.

Environment protection and clean biomass energy is sole renewable energy that can be converted to clean fuel materials. Hazardous Substances from straw(S&

Ash) content is 90% less than bituminous coal. The emission and absorption of Carbon compose carbon circulation in nature, achieving CO2 Zero emission.

Practice has proved that biomass energy play a notable role in reducing CO2 emission.

XII. A 2MW RICE HUSK GASIFICATION POWER GENERATION PROJECT

12.1 Brief Introduction of Project

In order to save energy, reduce pollution, extensive use local rich biomass resources, circulation fluidized bed gasification power generation technology, converting biomass to green electricity. Power plant will not discharge pollution due to adopt biomass as fuel materials. Biomass resource achieve high efficiency utilization In order to best using rice husk resource, we intent to collocate one set of 2mw circulation fluidized bed biomass gasification furnace, 2set purification system 5set fuel gas genset engine for this project to supply heat, electricity. Gasification furnace gasified biomass into fuel gas, which access to purification system for removing dust, tar and other impurity.

12.2 Technology Route

The Technology Route adopt combination of circulation fluidized bed gasification furnace and internal combustion engine to achieve utilization of rice husk resource. Meanwhile, according to clients demand, surplus heat boiler will be used for collect the surplus heat of fuel gas and exhaust gas from generator, finishing comprehensive utilization of energy. The figure is below: F1 2MW Diagram of Circulation fluidized bed gasification power generation, gas supply system

12.3 Gasification reaction of rice husk

Rice husk access to circulation fluidized bed gasification furnace through Feeder. Under high-temperature, recycling and heating materials, rice husk in gasifier meet air accessing from bottom so that hydrogenation &

gasification reaction occurred, and rice husk converted into fuel gas. The element of fuel gas: CO、H2、CH4

etc. Calorific value: 1450kcal/ m³ approximately.

Moreover, including a little tar. Through innovated fuel gas purification technology, dust, tar included in fuel gas is effectively treated and collect to completely achieve the demand of internal combustion.

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XIII. CONCLUSION

With the increasing industrialization and rapid population growth non renewable fuels are rapidly getting consumed, which may lead to risk of energy shortage in the future, but a definite solution to it is the use of renewable source. Biomass is conversion of waste to energy. India being a major agricultural country rice husk gasifiers produce a change in the energy scenario of the country.

XIV. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to thank School of Electrical Engineering, KIIT University for providing necessary experimental platform for research and analysis for the completion of the paper.

XV. REFERENCES

[1] National Non-Food Crops Centre. "Review of Technologies for Gasification of Biomass and Wastes, NNFCC 09-008", Retrieved on 2011-06- 24

[2] The Clean and Renewable Energy Source, www.biomass.uk.com, accessed 16.05.11 [3] Thermal Gasification of Biomass, International

Energy Agency Task 33,

www.gastechnology.org, accessed 16.05.11 [4] Clean Renewable Fuel from the Plasma

Gasification of Waste, www.waste-management- world.com, Accessed 16.05.2011

[5] Gas Generator Project History of the Gasogene technology

[6] Beychok, M.R., Process and environmental technology for producing SNG and liquid fuels, U.S. EPA report EPA-660/2-75-011, May 1975 [7] Beychok, M.R., Coal gasification for clean

energy, Energy Pipelines and Systems, March 1974

[8] Beychok, M.R., Coal gasification and the Phenosolvan process, American Chemical Society 168th National Meeting, Atlantic City, September 1974.

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