For better zaid production, first irrigation should be done after 30-35 days. As per DES data, in India, summer crops are mainly grown in Assam (Rice), Bihar (Maize), Gujarat (Bajra, Rice, Sesamum), Karnataka (Bajra, Groundnut, Jowar, Maize, Onion, Potato, Ragi, Rice, Sunflower, Urad), Kerala (Rice), Maharashtra (Peanuts, Rice, Sunflower, Potato, Groundnuts, Maize, Summer Pulses), Odisha (Moon, Rice), Urad), Tripura (Rice), Uttar Pradesh (Banana, Maize, Moong , Onion, Rice, Sunflower, Tobacco, Urad), Uttarakhand (Rice), West Bengal (Peanuts, Maize, Moong, Rice, Sesamum) (Appendix- I). The district wise area of major summer crops in potential states is given in Annexure-II. 2.1 Climate: The summer crops require long days and dry weather with abundant sunshine Optimum temperature for germination is 23-25°C.
Technologies for management of higher vertebrates
Trenching
Digging a trench 90 cm wide and 60 cm deep around the sown area 1 ft from the crop keeps feral hogs away from the field.
Bioacoustics
Blue bull
Constant vigilance during the cropping season using sticks, noise, shouting etc. is also practiced by the farmers in many parts of the country. According to the farmers, it is also one of the most successful strategies to prevent harvests by blue bull. 17 3.5 Financial assistance @ 40% of the project cost up to a maximum of Rs.24 lakh is provided to farmers, entrepreneurs and rural youth for setting up custom rental centres.
Management of Crop Residue
These gases affect human health due to general deterioration in air quality leading to aggravation of eye and skin diseases. Some of the soil properties such as soil temperature, pH, moisture, available phosphorus and soil organic matter are greatly affected due to burning. Establish Farm Machinery Banks for Customized Leasing of in-situ crop residue management machinery: Financial assistance @ 80% of the project cost is provided to the cooperative societies of farmers, FPOs, Self-Help Groups, registered farmers' associations / farmers' groups, private entrepreneurs, group of women farmers or self-help groups for establishing farm machinery banks or custom rental centers of in-situ crop residue management machinery.
Farmer groups/individual farmers having their own tractor/harvester will be preferred for setting up of Custom Employment Center (CHC). Old CHCs with non-crop residue machinery will also be eligible for a new project under the scheme. Financial assistance to farmers for procurement of agricultural machinery and equipment for managing agricultural waste in the country: Financial assistance @ 50% of the cost of. 19 machines/equipment are offered to individual farmers for the purchase of plant waste management machines/equipment.
Information, Education and Communication for In situ Crop Management Awareness: Financial assistance is provided to State Governments, KVKs, ICAR Institutions, Central Government Institutions, PSUs etc. Activities will include mass awareness campaigns through short and feature films, documentaries, radio and TV programmes, exposure camps at various levels, capacity building programmes, print media advertisements, star campaigns, Village/Gram Panchayat award for achieving zero emissions straws, panel discussions on Doordarshan, DD Kisan and other private channels etc. .
Achievements under CRM
Private Procurement & Stockist Scheme (PPSS)
Such purchases will be made on a pilot basis from pre-registered farmers in districts/selected APMC(s) of districts involving the participation of a selected private trader. Such private stockist shall not be allowed to sell the quantities purchased during the tender period notified under PDPS/PSS for that particular product in that State. The private supplier is fully responsible for all forms of handling, including storage and transportation, as well as disposal.
The maximum eligible service charge shall be 15% of the notified MSP for that year and crop commodity. Such private dealer shall procure the selected oilseeds maximum 25% of the production of the District/Agricultural Production Management Committees (APMCs) at MSP in accordance with the prescribed Fair Average Quality (FAQ) norms. The objective of the scheme is to dispose of stocks of pulses procured under PSS for distribution to States/UTs for use under various welfare schemes like Mid-day-Meal (MDM), Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS), Public Distribution System (PDS) etc. .
First in-First Out” (FIFO) basis for a period of 12 months or till current PSS pulse stock of 34.88 lakh MT lasts, whichever is earlier.
Background Note of Horticulture
Horticulture Scenario in India
Although the production of Food grains and Horticulture products are not meaningfully comparable due to fundamental differences in the nature of their farming, characteristics of products, nature of land requirements, and most importantly, their nutritional purpose and value, it has come to light that horticulture farming is very productive and profitable. The special attention given to the sector, especially after the introduction of the Horticultural Mission for North Eastern and Himalayan States (HMNEH) and the National Horticultural Mission (NHM) in the 11th Plan, has led to a good production of horticultural products. The trend in horticultural production growth over the past 14 years is depicted in Figure 2 and the share of different commodities in horticultural production is given in Figure 3.
Production in Million Tonnes
With a production of 98.58 million tons, fruit accounts for approximately 31.4% of the total horticultural crop production. The area under fruit crops in 2018-19 (3rd Adv. Estimate) was 6.65 million hectares, which is 26.1% of the total horticulture area in India. India accounts for approximately 10.5% of the total world fruit production, excluding melons, and leads in the production of mango, banana, guava, papaya, lemon and lime.
Cultivated area, production and productivity of fruit crops have registered significant growth during the last 14 years, as shown in Figure 4. Figure-4: Area, production and productivity of fruits.
Fruits
India accounts for about 10.5% of the total production of fruits in the world, excluding melon. India is the second largest producer of fruits in the world and is the leader in the production of fruits such as mango, banana, guava, papaya and lemon and lime. Special efforts are being made to improve the productivity of fruit crops by improving the supply of quality planting material from accredited nurseries and improved package of practices.
The major vegetable crops grown in the country are potato, tomato, onion, brinjal, cabbage, cauliflower, peas, okra, chilli, beans etc. West Bengal is the leading vegetable producer in the country and contributes 15.9% to the total production, while Uttar Pradesh produces 14.9% of vegetables in the country.
Vegetables
Special emphasis is given to production of hybrid vegetables under protected cultivation under MIDH. India is the second largest producer of vegetables including melons after China and is a leader in the production of vegetables such as okra. Moreover, India occupies the second position in terms of production of potato, tomato, onion, cabbage, cauliflower and brinjal in the world.
Spices
Flowers
Major Achievements in Horticulture Sector
Cumulative Physical Achievement under Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) up to 2018-19 (As on. Area under horticulture increased from 18.7 lakh hectares in 2005-06 to 37.36 lakh hectares in 2018-19 under MIDH, gradually as several farmers are entering horticulture in their search for diversification in agriculture. A total of 38 Centers of Excellence have been established through Indo-Israel and Indo-Dutch collaboration.
About 1,00,206 Post-Harvest Management infrastructure, including cold chain infrastructure, has been set up to complement the production and productivity improvement programme. Details of Area and Production of Horticultural Crops since the introduction of National Horticultural Mission (NHM) in 2005-06 are as under:.
After launch of National Horticulture Mission (NHM)
After launch of Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture(MIDH)
- Challenges faced by Horticulture sector
- Opportunities in Horticulture Sector
- The Way Forward
- National Horticulture Board
- Development of Commercial Horticulture through Production and Post Harvest Management
- Capital investment subsidy scheme for construction/ expansion/modernization of cold storages for Horticulture Produce
- Market Information Service for Horticulture Crops
- Horticulture Promotion Services/ Expert Services and Strengthening Capability of NHB
- Coconut Development Board
- Central Institute of Horticulture, Medziphema, Nagaland
Planting material is the key to a quality harvest, as it forms the basis of an orchard, greenhouse or farm. Some of the problems in ensuring the production of quality planting material are; (i) absence of genetically uniform bases, (ii) lack of variability of bases, (iii) lack of information about bases. In the absence of GAP recommendations, pre-harvest interval (PHI) or safe waiting period recommendations remained elusive for many crop-pesticide combinations.
Recent initiatives by the Indian government to open up foreign direct investment (FDI) in retail are expected to reduce some of the problems associated with horticultural exports. Accordingly, a mission called the National Horticulture Mission (NHM) was launched in 2005-06 in the remaining states of the country. The overall aims and objectives of the committee are to create production hubs for commercial horticulture development, post-harvest infrastructure and cold chain facilities, promotion of new crops and promotion of growers' associations.
Under this scheme, the Board provides a credit-linked reverse subsidy of 40% of the total project cost, limited to Rs. 30.00 lakhs per project in general areas and @ 50% of project cost limited to Rs. 37.50 lakhs in NE region, hill states and scheduled areas for outdoor cultivation of various fruit crops for projects larger than 5 hectares. 50% of the total project cost is limited to Rs. 56.00 lakhs per project for sheltered cultivation projects for projects larger than 2500 Sq. Under this scheme, the Board provides a credit-linked reverse subsidy of 35% of the total project cost, limited to Rs. 50.75 lakh per project in general premises and.
Under this scheme, the Board provides 35% subsidy on the capital cost of the project in general areas and 50% in case of NE, Hill States and Scheduled Areas for setting up cold storage and CA warehouses for storage capacity above 5000 tonnes to 10000 tonnes (The Board is allowed to implement cold storage projects on area NE for a capacity of 1000 tons or more). The Institute offers a number of programs for the benefit of the agricultural community in the NE countries. The institute regularly conducts training and courses for skill development, technology demonstrations, production of quality planting material, nursery accreditation, protected cultivation, post-harvest management and marketing for the welfare and betterment of the farming community.
