This course is intended to provide fundamental knowledge about the structure and functions of the various systems of the human body. Classification of tissues, structure, location and functions of epithelial, muscular and nervous and connective tissues. Divisions of the skeletal system, types of bones, main characteristics and functions of the bones of the axial and appendicular skeletal system.
Central nervous system: meninges, ventricles of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid. Structure and functions of the brain (cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum), spinal cord (gross structure, functions of afferent and efferent nerve pathways, reflex activity). Classification of hormones, mechanism of action of hormones, structure and functions of pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, pineal gland, thymus and their disorders. Williams & Wilkins Co, Riverview, MI USA 4. Textbook of Medical Physiology - Arthur C, Guyton and John.E. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Tortora Grabowski.
Williams & Wilkins Co, Riverview, MI USA 2. Textbook of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John. Course objectives: On completion of the course student will be able to. understand the principles of volumetric and electrochemical analysis. perform various volumetric and electrochemical titrations. a) Pharmaceutical analysis- Definition and scope i) Different techniques of analysis .. ii) Methods of expressing concentration iii) Primary and secondary standards. iv) Preparation and standardization of various molar and normal solutions - Oxalic acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium thiosulphate, sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate and cerium ammonium sulphate. Major extra and intracellular electrolytes: Functions of major Physiological ions, Electrolytes used in the replacement therapy: Sodium chloride*, Potassium chloride, Calcium gluconate* and Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS), Physiological acid-base balance.
Definition and classification of the nervous system, Structure of a neuron, Generation and transmission of nerve impulse, Structure of the brain and spinal cord, Functions of the brain, cerebellum, hypothalamus and medulla oblongata.
Syrups a) Syrup IP
Elixirs
Linctus a) Simple Linctus BPC
Solutions
Suspensions a) Calamine lotion
Emulsions
Powders and Granules a) ORS powder (WHO)
Suppositories
Semisolids
Gargles and Mouthwashes a) Potassium chlorate gargle
Scope: This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge about the structure and functions of the various systems of the human body. Body fluids, composition and functions of blood, haemopoiesis, formation of haemoglobin, anaemia, mechanisms of coagulation, blood grouping, Rh factors, transfusion, its significance and disorders of blood, Reticulo endothelial system. Heart – anatomy of heart, blood circulation, blood vessels, structure and functions of artery, vein and capillary, elements of conduction system of heart and heartbeat, its regulation by autonomic nervous system, cardiac output, cardiac cycle.
Anatomy of GI tract with special reference to anatomy and functions of stomach, (acid production in stomach, regulation of acid production by parasympathetic nervous system, role of pepsin in protein digestion) small intestine and large intestine, anatomy and functions of salivary glands, pancreas and liver, movements of GIT, digestion and absorption of nutrients and disorders of the GI tract. Anatomy of urinary tract with special reference to anatomy of kidneys and nephrons, functions of kidneys and urinary tract, physiology of urine formation, micturition reflex and role of kidneys in acid-base balance, role of RAS in kidney and kidney disorders. Anatomy of male and female reproductive system, Functions of male and female reproductive system, sex hormones, physiology of menstruation, fertilization, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, pregnancy and childbirth.
Brief review of structural theory for organic chemistry, hybridization, bond length, bond angle, bond energy;. Classification of organic compounds: Common and IUPAC nomenclature systems for organic compounds (up to 10 carbon atoms with open chain and carbocyclic compounds). Types of organic reactions: Addition reactions - electrophiles, nucleophiles and free radicals; Substitution reactions - electrophiles, nucleophiles and free radicals; elimination and rearrangement reactions.
Scope: Biochemistry deals with complete understanding of the molecular levels of the chemical process associated with living cells. The scope of the subject is the provision of biochemical facts and the principles to understand metabolism of nutrient molecules in physiological and pathological conditions. It also highlights the genetic organization of mammalian genome and hetero- and autocatalytic functions of DNA.
Understand the genetic organization of the mammalian genome and the functions of DNA in the synthesis of RNAs and proteins. Scope: Pathophysiology is the study of causes of diseases and responses of the body to such disease causing causes. This course aims to impart a thorough knowledge of the relevant aspects of the pathology of various conditions with reference to their pharmacological applications, and to gain insight into fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms.
Analytical, synthetic and other evidences in the derivation of structure of benzene, Orbital picture, resonance in benzene, aromaticcharacters, Huckel’s rule
Analytical, synthetic and other evidences in the derivation of the structure of benzene, orbital image, resonance in benzene, aromatic characters, Huckel's rule.
Substituents, effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation ofmono substituted benzene compounds towards electrophilicsubstitution reaction
General Pharmacology
Receptor theories and receptor classification, receptor regulation. drug-receptor interactions, signal transduction mechanisms, G-protein-coupled receptors, ion channel receptor, transmembrane enzyme-linked receptors, transmembrane JAK-STAT binding receptor and receptors that regulate transcription factors, dose-response relationship, therapeutic index, combined effects drugs and factors that change the action of the drug. Drug discovery and clinical evaluation of new drugs - Drug discovery phase, preclinical evaluation phase, clinical trial phase, clinical trials and pharmacovigilance phases.
Pharmacology of peripheral nervous system a. Organization and function of ANS
Pharmacology of central nervous system - I
3 1 0 4 Course Objective: The subject covers the basics of pharmacognosy such as the scope, classification of crude drugs, their identification and evaluation, the phytochemicals present in them and their medicinal properties. Introduction to Pharmacognosy: Definition, History, Scope and Development of Pharmacognosy (a) Sources of drugs - plants, animals, marine and tissue culture. b) Organized drugs, unorganized drugs (dried latex, dried juices, dried extracts, gums and mucilages, oleoresins and oleo-gum resins). Study of the biological source, chemical nature and use of drugs of natural origin containing the following drugs Plant products: Fiber - Cotton, Jute, Hemp.
Role of pharmacognosy in allopathy and traditional systems of medicine namely Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, homeopathy and naturopathy. Import of drugs - Classes of drugs and cosmetics prohibited to import, Import under license or permit. Conditions for issuing a license and conditions for a license to manufacture medicinal products, Manufacture of medicinal products for testing, examination and analysis, manufacturing of new medicinal products, loan approval and repackaging approval.
Labeling and packaging of medicinal products - General requirements for labeling and sample labels for medicinal products and cosmetics, list of permitted colors. Pharmacy Act - 1948: Objectives, Definitions, Pharmacy Council of India; its composition and functions, educational regulations, state and joint state boards of pharmacy; its composition and functions, Registration of pharmacists, Offenses and. Medicines and Toilet Preparations Act -1955: Objectives, Definitions, Licensing, In Bond and Out of Bond Manufacture, Export of Alcoholic Preparations, Manufacture of Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic, Patent and Proprietary Preparations.
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act-1985 and Rules: Objectives, Definitions, Authorities and Officers, Constitution and Functions of Advisory Committee on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, National Fund for Control of Drug Abuse, Prohibition, Control and Regulation, Poppy Cultivation and production of poppy straw, production, sale and export of opium, violations and penalties. Study of salient features of the Drugs and Magical Remedies Act and its rules: objectives, definitions, prohibition of certain advertisements, classes of exempt advertisements, offenses and penalties. Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act-1960: objectives, definitions, institutional committee on animal ethics, breeding and introduction of animals, conduct of experiments, transfer and acquisition of animals for experiments, data, power to suspend or revoke registration, violations and penalties.
Objectives, Definitions, Selling prices of bulk medicines, Retail price of formulations, Retail price and ceiling price of scheduled formulations, National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM). UNIT – V 07 Hours Pharmaceutical Legislation – A Brief Overview, Introduction, Study of Drug Investigation Committee, Health Survey and Development Committee, Hathi Committee and Mudaliar Committee. Study of effect of hepatic microsomal enzyme inducers on the phenobarbitone sleep time in mice.
Essentials of Experimental Pharmacology, General Concepts by Bothra Sunil
Analysis of crude drugs by chemical tests: (i) Tragaccanth (ii) Acacia (iii) Agar (iv) Gelatin (v) Starch (vi) Honey (vii) Castor oil. This course offers an introduction to Gender Studies, an interdisciplinary field that asks critical questions about the meaning of gender and sex in society. It draws on multiple disciplines—such as literature, history, economics, psychology, sociology, philosophy, political science, anthropology, and media studies—to examine cultural assumptions about gender, sex, and sexuality.
This course integrates analysis of current events through student presentations, aiming to raise awareness of the contemporary and historical experiences of women, and of the many ways that sex and gender interact with race, class, caste, nationality, and other social identities. This course also aims to build an understanding and initiate and strengthen programs that combat gender-based violence and discrimination. The course also contains several exercises and reflective activities designed to examine the concepts of gender, gender-based violence, sexuality and rights.
It will further explore the impact of gender-based violence on education, healthcare and development. Students will have developed a better understanding of important issues relating to gender in contemporary India. Students will be sensitized to the basic dimensions of the biological, sociological, psychological and legal aspects of gender.
Students will gain insight into the gender division of labor and its relation to politics and economics. Men and women students and professionals will be better equipped to work and live together as equals. By providing reports of studies and movements as well as the new laws that provide protection and relief to women, the textbook will empower students to understand and respond to gender-based violence.
Introduction: Definition of gender-fundamental gender concepts and terminology - Exploring attitudes towards gender - Construction of gender socialization: making women, making men. Struggles with discrimination - Gender roles and relationships - Types of gender roles - Gender roles and relationships Matrix - Missing women - Gender selection and its consequences - Declining sex ratio. Division and valuation of labor – housework: the invisible labor – “My mother doesn't work.” “Share the burden.” – Work: its politics and economics – Fact and fiction.
