RECENT RESEARCH ON ORGANIC CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN DIFFERENT RESIDENTIAL PROJECT
Khumesh Patle
Research Scholar, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidalaya Bhopal (M.P.) Prof. Rajesh Joshi
Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidalaya Bhopal (M.P.)
Abstract - Building materials are most significant materials for people. Since ancient times man has been involving normally accessible natural materials for his prerequisites. In India, creature (ox-like) compost has been utilized to work on the properties of muds. Grasses have been utilized to give security from sun and downpour (cover). Normally accessible honey bees wax, lac and oils have been utilized to water confirmation pots and .pottery. Continuously, as the man's information expanded, different oils were handled to make paints and stains. Additionally, casein, starches were altered to acquire glues.
1 HOUSING AND HEALTH
Lodging conditions are related with wellbeing status in an assortment of - ways (Townsend et computer based intelligence., 1988). Individuals whine that they become wiped out in structures of unfortunate protection, energy preservation and ventilation with side effects of eye, throat and nose aggravation, dryness of mucosa of skin, erythema and mental weariness.
Disappointments are likewise knowledgeable about aversive and determined smells and with ventilation commotion (Ahlstrom et al. 1986 and Andersen et computer based intelligence 1975).
Issues of debilitated structures concern openness to bothering specialists in indoor air. They might influence the olfactory framework, the trigeminal framework, the cutaneous framework as well as mental capacities (Bergland et artificial intelligence. 1986). Debilitated structures subject the occupants to air which is dirtied by shape spores and form metabolites, unstable hydrocarbons, radon, asbestos particles or different specialists. The responses to air borne substance mixtures and vapor sprayers lead to irritated eyes, dry mucous films, unusual weakness, cerebral pain, or other psychosomatic responses (Ryd, 1991).
1.1 Rationale for the Study
"Social Science should not be seen as developing a stock of knowledge about an object which is external to us, but should develop a critical self-awareness in people or subjects and indeed assist in their emancipation”
(Sayer, 1984) Building materials are most important materials for human beings. Wood, a renewable resource is most abundantly and naturally occurring organic polymeric composite material which consists of long cellulosic fibers (Sastry et al. 2003). In India, the estimated demand of timber is 56.98 million cubic meter in the year 2001-2006. Limitation of plywood/timber in terms of reuse value could be effectively mitigated by the use of new polymeric materials (Singh and Gupta, 2003).
Organic polymers are becoming day by day important due to their binding and insulation characteristics (Chand, 2003).
Currently about 3.7 million tones of plastics are produced in India for different uses. Their consumption as building material is close to 1.35 m tones. By 2006-07, the production of plastics is expected to reach about 8 million tones in which the share of plastic for building is about 2.4 million tones (Singh & Gupta, 2003).
2 REVIEW OF STUDIES CONDUCTED IN INDIA AND ABROAD
Organic materials used on or in buildings can be classified according to their use (Ashton, 1969) which further makes a housing environment. Environment living conditions, including housing conditions, are among the primary determinants of an individual’s health, thus its performance and have attracted the interest of public health scientist since ancient times (Foster, 1992; Ineichen, 1993 and Krieger, 2002). Some of the
studies for the interest of the present research have been summarized as under:
2.1 Review of Studies on Organic Building Materials
Gudkin et al. (1971) have felt that four primary classes of regular polymeric mixtures are poly saccharides, proteins, fats and lipids and the data encoded polydeoxyribose nucleic corrosive and polyribonucleic corrosive (DNA and RNA).
The properties of these mixtures are significant for grasping cell capacities and for the usage of the cells for bioconversions.
3 RESEARCH DESIGN
Exploratory cum Experimental examination configuration was chosen to depict, to correspond and to quantify impact of natural structure materials on lodging conditions and mental way of behaving of occupants.
The exploratory examination configuration was picked as it depicts, investigates, records, dissects and deciphers conditions that exist. It includes some sort of examination or differentiation and endeavors to find connections between existing non controlled factors. It likewise depicts, what will happen when certain factors are painstakingly controlled or controlled (Kothari, 1990). The trial configuration was decided to concentrate on ecological states of house and conduct of inhabitants. Its principal design is to portray what will be the effect when certain factors are controlled. Its attention is additionally on connections of factors (Singh, 2000). Tests were directed on a set number of respondents for definite investigation of lodging conditions and their interrelationship with execution of individuals residing inside the houses comprised of natural structure materials.
4 DESCRIPTION OF THE
RESPONDENTS AND THEIR HOUSES This segment incorporates individual attributes of the respondents, their family qualities, general residing propensities and general data of their homes. The homemakers were the critical respondents for the review. Mean age of the respondents was 36.20, years. In this way, minimal not exactly half for example 40% of the respondents were viewed as in
the age gathering of 31-40 years. Their age varied by a standard deviation (S.D.) of + 9.16 years.
Around 33% of the respondents (39.50 percent) were profoundly qualified having a degree or certificate and not a solitary one of them was ignorant. Short of what 33% of the respondents (27.00 percent) were having a low degree of instructive capability. (Figured) - ' About multiple fourth of the respondents were jobless (88 percent). They were housewives, dealing with their families and investing the majority of the energy inside.
There is no control on allotment of lodging. The social researcher explores contrasts in wellbeing conditions that really exist in the populace. By posing a scope of inquiries concerning the respondents' social, segment, ecological and different conditions, the social researcher scientifically eliminate any remaining variables that may be connected with varieties in wellbeing encounters (Burridge et. al. 1993).
Figure 4.1 Personal Profile of the Respondents According to their Age
(years)
Figure 4.2 Personal Profile of the Respondents According to their
Educational Qualification
Figure 4.3 Personal Profile of the Respondents According to their
Employment Status Table 4.1 Personal Profile of the
Respondents (n=200)
Table 4.2 Demographic Profile of the Respondents (n=200)
4.1.1 General Information about the Houses of the Respondents
With the end goal of the review it was viewed as essential to record data about broad states of the chose houses thusly area of the house, kind of house, time of building construction and inhabitance period was recorded. Accordingly, 50%
chose respondents were from slope regions and 50% were from fields.
The majority of the houses (94.50 percent) were pucca houses worked with stone, blocks or any structure material which is strong while, a not many of them were worked as semi pucca (2.50 percent) and wooden (3%). Through numerous ages of purpose, individuals have tracked down approaches to getting around a portion of the limits of normally happening natural development materials. As well as working on normal materials, advancements have created numerous engineered polymers, which are significant in current developments (Merritt, 1986) and make the houses pucca.
Table 4.3 General Information about the houses of the Respondents (n=200)
Figure 4.4 A Modem Wooden House (Pucca)
Figure 4.5 A Traditional Thatched House (Kachcha)
4.2 Organic Building Materials
This part incorporates data about different natural structure materials and their accessibility, illuminating degree of purpose of different natural structure materials in homes and furthermore on their motivations for utilizing them. It uncovers aftereffects of parts of care and support of the homes and issues apparent/experienced by the occupants during care and upkeep and furthermore manages medical conditions/side effects/disorders apparent as an impact of natural structure material in the homes. The segment likewise examines level of information in regards to OBM and fulfillment determined subsequent to utilizing the OBM on different boundaries by the respondents.
4.2.1 Building Materials and Their Sources
Wellspring of building can be characterized as the power source of building materials from where the shoppers could purchase development materials for development and remodel purposes in their homes. The sources were classified in to three; nearby market, region endlessly market of the other state outside the local state. After that respondents were approached to report the sources from which the materials were purchased by them.
About in excess of a portion of the respondents revealed that they got building materials for the stone work (63.00 percent) and metals (64.50 percent) from region market. Though, it was likewise detailed that countless the respondents (95.00 percent) liked to purchase defensive/beautiful completions from region market. Pretty much a portion of the respondents got materials like wood/plastic/glass (68.50 percent) and material/sealant/ cement (59.00 percent) in the nearby market. Building materials for support/essential material were accessible in the nearby market, region market as well as the business sectors of the state and the respondents got them according to their plausibility and accommodation, It was seen that the materials for material/ sealants/ cements were accessible in the neighborhood market however other structure materials were accessible inside the area market and the materials for support/
fundamental design was found in out of state markets.
Table 4.4 Building Materials and Their Sources (n=200)
4.2.2 Finishes/Techniques used for Selected Factors Causing Damage to the Houses
Enduring is a course of deterioration of building structure because of natural powers; dampness, gases, daylight, stickiness, temperature, and so forth. In addition, ecological powers a few natural perils like quakes and factors of pervasion like termite likewise influence solidness of the structure materials in this manner the structure. The houses were arranged into different regions based on their utility in the home then respondents were approached to report the sort of completions utilized explicitly to endure the dangers. Information saw in Table 4.4 shows the completions/procedures utilized by the respondents to endure mishaps because of these natural perils.
4.2.3 Entire House
Among the chose inhabitants about half (45.50 percent) of the respondents have given defensive completions to whole house to dispose of issues emerging because of soddenness particularly during blustery season, not very many gave treatment for forestalling electric shock (28.50 percent) and termite (14.50 percent).
4.3 Experimental Results
Tests for the review were done on an example of twelve respondents in the chose region. To figure out the deformities in the house and execution of the respondents residing in the wooden and non wooden houses as these were the two regularly involved fundamental materials for private developments. Thusly a bunch of six wooden and six non wooden houses was chosen and the perceptions were recorded. Care was taken to choose houses with comparable age, size and direction.
The part manages agenda of flawed side effects/issues in the private developments, boundaries of human execution and climate in houses built with OBM.
4.3.1 Checklist of Defective Symptoms/Problems in the Residential Constructions (Bowyer, 1973)
Agenda of blemished side effects in different pieces of building structures given by Bowyer, 1973 was utilized to notice actual issues in the chose private developments. Perceptions showed that in wooden homes, rooftops were showing moistness (50%), decay (33.33 percent), finishes (33.33 percent) and parts (33.33 percent). Breaks (50%), filthy spots (33.33 percent), cracked regions (33.33 percent) and soddenness (33.33 percent) were seen in the dividers; Rot (33.33 percent) and colors (33.33 percent) were very discernible in floors and step cases (lumber) of the chose wooden houses.
Affidavit of soil was seen in the wooden houses as a whole. At the point when interior completions were noticed it was found that in portion of the houses breaks were found and around 33% (33.33 percent) of the houses were showing loss of shine and misses in the artwork. Issues like spillage (33,33 percent), smell of warming (16.67 percent), absence of temperature (16.67 percent), spots (16.67 percent) and parasite (50%) were additionally seen in the wooden houses.
Table 4.5 Checklist of Defective Symptoms/Problems in the Residential
Constructions (n=12)
Perceptions in non wooden houses showed that in rooftops the serious issue was pervasion in about multiple fourth (83.33 percent) of the houses. Where as, granular surface in portion of the houses (50%), sogginess in somewhat more than a half (66.67 percent) was noticed. At the point when dividers were noticed grimy spots and moistness were noticed —
Figure 4.6 Cracking in Balcony made up of Wood
4.4 Testing of Hypotheses
Various speculations were figured out based on goals of the review. With the end goal of factual examination the speculations were figured out in invalid structure.
To test the speculations genuinely Analysis of Variance, Pearson's Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation, 't' Test and relapse examination were applied.
Examination of change was registered to figure out the variety because of individual factors, family factors and situational factors towards information in regards to OBM, degree of purpose of OBM in home, issues looked in care and support of the house, fulfillment got from utilization of OBM and impact on soundness of the occupants.
To track down the variety between the various gatherings of respondents as per natural and mental boundaries of execution of the inhabitants f test was performed.
Pearson's Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation was processed to find level of relationship among information with respect to OBM, degree of purpose of OBM in home and issues looked in its consideration and upkeep.
Their relationship with fulfillment got from utilization of OBM and impact on strength of the inhabitants was additionally processed.
5 OBJECTIVES
1. To make a stock of natural structure materials (OBM) accessible and their utilization in private developments.
2. To figure out degree of purpose of OBM in private developments. 10.
To survey issues experienced in care and upkeep in the chose private developments.
3. To figure out the medical conditions apparent by the inhabitants because of purpose of OBM.
4. To determine the information and fulfillment level of occupants in regards to OBM.
5. To survey level of human execution in the chose private structures with OBM developments.
6. To foster an instructive material on expanding mindfulness in regards to appropriate utilization of OBM.
6 CONCLUSIONS
Based on the current examination following ends are depicted:
Among the chose respondents the vast majority of them showed a low degree of information in regards to OBM utilized in their homes and a not very many of them reflected center degree of information.
According to fulfillment OBM were positioned first on security and care
and upkeep, second on cost, third on work/reason and they felt no wellbeing impacts because of OBM.
Transient memory of the respondents residing in houses totally develop of normal OBM for example wood was higher than the respondents residing in non wooden houses.
The unfortunate focus level was shown by the respondents residing in non wooden houses.
The degree of weariness was felt more by the respondents residing in non wooden houses than the wooden houses.
The rate expansion in temperature from outside to indoor climate was more in non wooden houses than the wooden houses.
In any case, the outcomes were vice versa for the relative mugginess.
There is relationship of the information in regards to OBM of the respondents with age, instructive capability, work status, word related status and area of house.
6.1 Implications of the Study
The discoveries of the examination drew out various significant ramifications:
The consequences of the examination showed that the respondents needed information with respect to natural structure materials, their impacts on wellbeing and how to keep up with the great 'nature of the indoor climate' including building materials.
From the discoveries, it was uncovered that the respondents had unfortunate degree of information before the development of the review.
Hence mindfulness programs on appropriate utilization of natural structure materials should be coordinated.
It was observed that wood is a generally utilized natural structure material, nearby because of reasons of its pertinence, sturdiness and aestheticy in the houses. Wood is exposed to bio weakening, invasion of bugs and sogginess. Subsequently, there is a need to combine elective structure materials to supplant the wood in specific parts.
The planners, specialists and scientists need to foster approaches to expanding the productivity of the OBM in the houses and there by increment the degree of fulfillment getting from the utilization of the OBM.
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