View of RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MENTAL HEALTH AND HEALTH RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS OF SENIOR SECONDORY STUDENTS OF JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYAS IN UTTARAKHAND STATE

(1)

10 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MENTAL HEALTH AND HEALTH RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS OF SENIOR SECONDORY STUDENTS OF JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYAS

IN UTTARAKHAND STATE Vinod Kumar

Research Scholar, Department of Physical Education HNBGU Srinagar Garhwal Dr. Hiralal Yadav, (Guide)

Assistant Professor HOD, Department of Physical Education HNBGU Srinagar Garhwal Abstracts - The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between Mental Health and Health Related Physical Fitness among the students of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV) and Government Model Schools (GMS) of hilly Regions in Uttarakhand state. The research scholar selected 160 male students (60 from JNV &

60 from GMS)and the data was taken & statistically analysed. To assess the Mental Health, the research scholar conducted a questionnaire survey among the selected students aged between 15 to 17 years, from eight Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV) and Government Model Schools (GMS). To assess the Health Related Physical Fitness, the five components were tested namely Cardiovascular Endurance, Muscular Endurance, Muscular Strength, Flexibility and Body Composition. For the assessment of mental health, Mental Health Scale was used. This scale was developed and validated by Dr. Shushma Tales ara and Dr. Akhtar Bano [2017]. There are 54 items in this scale. Out of these items 1 to 29 are negative statement and from 30 to 54 are positive statement. The scoring for positive statements are 4 for always, 3 for frequently, 2 for occasionally, 1 for rarely and 0 for never and for negative items scores are as vice versa. For the assessment of different components of Health Related Physical Fitness, the research scholar conducted Cooper’s 12 minutes run walk test for Cardiovascular Endurance, Bent Knee sit-ups for Muscular Endurance, Leg and Back Dynamometer test for Muscular Strength, Sit and Reach Test for Flexibility and skin fold measurement for body composition. The result of this study revealed that there was a significant relationship found between Mental Health and Flexibility. There was no significant relationship found of Mental Health with Cardiovascular Endurance, Muscular Endurance, Muscular Strength and Body Composition.

1 INTRODUCTION

Mental health problems are affecting academic performance of learner and big causes of poor academic achievement.

Learners with poor mental health are facing failure in academic pursuit and a major cause of suicide. The mental health of college students has attracted attention of researchers in recent years. Mental health is compound sum of adjustment of individual with self, others and environment including emotional stability and attitude towards life. Therefore, development of mental health at secondary, higher secondary and college level is very essential challenge in front of teachers, parents, teacher educators and Governments. In conclusion, this is backbone of development of physical, social and psychological domain of an individual, while mental health is essential element for 3 these developments. But good emotional development is not possible in the

absence of good mental health. The individual's mental health and balance are of utmost importance in relation to his general health. The complexity and stress of modern living make necessary considerations of his mental health if he is to meet them successfully. The present study is designed to know relationship of mental health to emotional intelligence and personality of high school students.

The term mental health is constituted by two words- mental and health. It is cognitive or intellectual power of human. In specific, it is wellness or goodness or well-functioning of a system.

In general, according to WHO, “Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity". So, simple meaning of mental health is that it is good or proper functioning of mind. In previous stage, mental health was considered as free from mental illness.

(2)

11 But mental illness is not a guarantee of

good mental health. It is totally negative aspect of mental health. Later positive aspects of mental health were considered and defined in different way. Some definitions of mental health are given below.

“WHO” defined mental health as

― “A state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.”

“Crow and Crow (1951) defined mental health as a science that deals with human welfare and pervades all fields of human relationship.”

2 HEALTH RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS

Regular and systematic physical activities are necessary assistant for the growth and development. Through regular and systematic Physical activities children become fitter and healthier. Concept of Physical Fitness is as old as humankind.

The ancient people were mainly dependent upon their individual strength, energy and vitality for physical survival.

Physical Fitness is deterioration in adult across all genders, ages and cultural groups. The programme of Physical education is intended not only to achieve Physical Fitness but also optimum biological Health, Mental toughness, emotional stability, social adaptability to take appropriate decisions and develop skills that will enable a child to participate in various activities. All these findings indicate that current Physical education programs are inadequate to promote lifetime Physical Fitness. These findings have made Physical educators realize that a change in curriculum is needed which would lead to development of attitude towards lifelong exercise behaviour with special emphasis on Health Related Physical Fitness. The definition of Physical Fitness might vary by individually but most experts agree that there are five basic components of Physical Fitness which involve our heart, lungs, strength, endurance, and agility or flexibility. The Health Related Physical Fitness can be determined by how well the body performs in each one of the

components of physical fitness as a whole, Cardiovascular Endurance, Muscular Endurance, Muscular Strength, Flexibility and Body Composition.

The studies conducted in past reported a significant correlation between physical fitness and mental health (Labrie et al., 2010). The regular physical activities and sports participation decrease anxiety and depression and increase self-esteem (Bolognini et al., 1996); cardio-pulmonary fitness and muscle endurance decrease the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome (Dubos et al., 2007; Kim et al., 2012; La Mote et al., 2005). Research related to physical fitness and mental health focused on the effect of exercise and research with elementary, middle, and high school students as subjects (Han et al., 2009;

Ryu, 1995; Han et al., 2006; Jin, 2010) but there has been little research on the correlation between physical fitness and mental health with school going students as subjects. So, this research aimed to identify the correlation between the physical fitness and mental health of senior secondary level students.

3 PROCEDURE/METHODOLOGY

For the purpose of the study 160 male students (60 from JNV & 60 from GMS) were selected randomly. Keeping the feasibility aspect in the mind and importance of Mental Health, the research scholar used Mental Health Scale. This scale was developed and validated by Dr.

Shushma Talesara and Dr. Akhtar Banao [2017]. There are 54 items in this scale.

Out of these items 1 to 29 are negative statement and from 30 to 54 are positive statement. The scoring for positive statements are 4 for always, 3 for frequently, 2 for occasionally, 1 for rarely and 0 for never and for negative items scores are as vice versa. The researcher went to the schools and got questionnaires filled by the students. For the assessment of different components of Health Related Physical Fitness, the research scholar conducted Cooper’s 12 minutes run walk test for Cardiovascular Endurance, Bent Knee sit-ups for Muscular Endurance, Leg and Back Dynamometer test for Muscular Strength, Sit and Reach Test for Flexibility and

(3)

12 skinfold measurement for body

composition.

The data was analyzed by applying Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation to find out the relationship. Mean, Standard

Deviation also found by applying independent 't' test in order to compare the significant difference among Male students.

Table 01 Correlation between Mental Health & Cardiovascular Endurance

Variables N Mean SD r P- Value

Mental Health 160 160.80 22.25 -.116 .308

Cardiovascular Endurance 160 2312.87 291.23 It is evident from Table-1 that the mean

and standard deviation of Mental Health and Cardiovascular Endurance is 160.80±22.25 and 2312.87±291.23 respectively. It revealsthat the co-efficient of correlation between Mental Health and Cardiovascular Endurance was -.116,

which was not significant at 0.01 level of significance with 158 degree of freedom (p-value = 0. .308. It indicates that there is no significant relationship between Mental Health and Cardiovascular Endurance.

Table 02 Correlation between Mental Health & Muscular Endurance

Mental Health 160 160.80 22.25 -.205 .068 Muscular Endurance 160 32.03 6.68

It is evident from Table-2 that the mean and standard deviation of Mental Health and Muscular Endurance is 160.80±22.25 and 32.03±6.68 respectively. It reveals that the co-efficient of correlation between Mental Health and Muscular Endurance

was -.205, which was not significant at 0.01 level of significance with 158 degree of freedom (p-value = 0. 068). It indicates that there is no significant relationship between Mental Health and Muscular Endurance.

Table 03 Correlation between Mental Health & Muscular Strength

Mental Health 160 160.80 22.25 -.188 .096 Muscular Strength 160 204.18 51.90

It is evident from Table-3 that the mean and standard deviation of Mental Health and Muscular Strength is 160.80±22.25 and 204.18±51.90 respectively. It reveals that the co-efficient of correlation between Mental Health and Muscular Strength

was -.188, which was not significant at 0.01 level of significance with 158 degree of freedom (p-value = 0. 096). It indicates that there is no significant relationship between Mental Health and Muscular Strength.

Table 04 Correlation between Mental Health & Flexibility

Mental Health 160 160.80 22.25 -.268 .016 Flexibility 160 31.80 7.03

It is evident from Table-4 that the mean and standard deviation of Mental Health and Flexibility is 160.80±22.25 and 31.80±7.03 respectively. It reveals that the co-efficient of correlation between Mental Health and Muscular Strength

was -.268, which was significant at 0.01 level of significance with 158 degree of (p- value = 0. 016). It indicates that there is significant relationship between Mental Health and Flexibility.

Table 05 Correlation between Mental Health & Body Composition

Mental Health 160 160.80 22.25 -.115 .310 Body Composition 160 17.09 2.25

(4)

13 It is evident from Table-5 that the mean

and standard deviation of Mental Health and Body Composition is 160.80±22.25 and 17.09±2.25 respectively. It reveals that the co-efficient of correlation between Mental Health and Muscular Strength was -.115, which was not significantat 0.01 level of significance with 158 degree of freedom (p-value = 0.310). It indicates that there is no significant relationship between Mental Health and Flexibility.

4 DISCUSSION OF FINDIGS

The statistical findings performing to Health Related Physical Fitness and Mental Health revealed that there is no significant relationship between Mental Health and Health Relate Physical Fitness Variables namely Cardiovascular Endurance, Muscular Endurance, Muscular Strength and Body Composition as the correlation co-efficient values r = - .116, -.205, -.188 and -.115 which are lesser than the required value to be significant.

Also the findings revealed that there is significant relationship of Mental Health with Health Related Physical Fitness variable Flexibility as the value of correlation co-efficient r = -.288 is greater than required value to be significant.

The statistical insignificance pertaining to the relationship of Mental Health and Health Related Physical Fitness variables Cardiovascular Endurance, Muscular Endurance, Muscular Strength and Body Composition may be attributed to the fact that though Mental Health is a key indicator for overall development of personality of a child be if Physical, Mental and Psychological wellbeing is concern. Mental Health has direct relationship with Health Related Physical Fitness of the children.

But may be the academic curriculum comprises of more time bound assignment, exam preparation and various project which is not providing enough time to students to think about their Health Related Physical Fitness.

However Flexibility has got significant relation with Mental Health could be due to the growth&

developmental pattern of children with respect to their age in which they are closely to progress comprehensive assessment of Flexibility.

Many studies have reported that regular exercise has an effect on physical fitness and mental health (Han and Lee, 2006; Han et al., 2009; Jin, 2011). The university students’ physical fitness levels influence metabolic syndrome (Kim et al., 2012; Regehr et al., 2013; Taylor et al., 2013) and body composition diagram; in other words, obesity affects self-esteem.

This study showed that Flexibility influences the Mental Health.

5 CONCLUSIONS

As a result of findings the Relationship between Mental Health and Health Related Physical Fitness of the student of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV) and Government Model Schools (GMS) of hilly Regions in Uttarakhand state, the following conclusion were found in this study-

1. There was no significant Relationship found between Mental Health and Health Related Physical Fitness on the basis of Cardiovascular Endurance of the students of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV) and Government Model Schools (GMS) of hilly Regions in Uttarakhand state.

2. There was no significant Relationship found between Mental Health and Health Related Physical Fitness on the basis of Muscular Endurance of the students of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV) and Government Model Schools (GMS) of hilly Regions in Uttarakhand state.

3. There was no significant Relationship found between Mental Health and Health Related Physical Fitness on the basis of Muscular Strength of the students of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV) and Government Model Schools (GMS) of hilly Regions in Uttarakhand state.

4. There was a significant Relationship found between Mental Health and Health Related Physical Fitness on the basis of Flexibility of the students of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV) and Government Model Schools (GMS) of hilly Regions in Uttarakhand state.

(5)

14 5. There was no significant

Relationship found between Mental Health and Health Related Physical Fitness on the basis of Body Composition of the students of Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV) and Government Model Schools (GMS) of hilly Regions in Uttarakhand state.

REFERENCES

1. Mudasir Ahmad Bhat, Manoj Kumar Pathak.

Exploring mental health of professional and non-professional students. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2020;7(5):69-72

2. Dr. Anurag Hardiya. A Comparative study of mental health status between physical education male and female students. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health 2019;6(3):12-13.

3. JadonJjairaj Singh (2018) a comparative study of health relate physical fitness among students ofdissimilar schools (doctoral thesis). banasthali vidyapith banasthali- 304022 (rajasthan) india.Kaur Satinder (2018).mental health of 10th class students in relation to emotional intelligence and personality(doctoral thesis).

4. Anand, S.P. (1989). mental health of high school students.indian educational review (ier), vol.24 (2), 14-24.

5. Singh Ajmer, et al. (2006). Essential of Physical Education, Dariyaganj, New Delhi, P.

275.

6. Bog Ja Jeoung1, Myoung-Sun Hong2, Yang Chool Lee3, Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation 2013, 9(6):544-548, http://dx.doi.org/10.12965/jer.130082 7. Bolognini M, Plancherel B, Bettschart W,

Halfon O. Self-esteem and mental health in early adolescence; development and gender differences. J Adolesc. 1996; 19:233–

245. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

8. Choi HG. Association of blood leptin level with cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and metabolic syndrome in female collage students. Journal of Korean Physical Education Association for Girl and Women. 2008;22:137–148. [Google Scholar]

9. Derogatis LR, Rickels K, Rock AF. The SCL-90 and the MMPI: a step in the validation of a new self-report scale. Br J Psychiatry.

1976;128:280–289. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

10. Dubos KD, Eisenmann JC, Donnelly JE.

Aerobic fitness attmuates the metabolic syndrome score in normal-weight at risk for overweight children. Pediatrics. 2007;

120:1262–1268. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

11. Han HW, Lee YC. The relationship among participation of dance sport, body image and mental health for university students. Journal of Korean Physical Education Association for Girl and Women. 2006;20:109–120. [Google Scholar]

12. Han KL, Kim WS, Lim KS, Lim KY. The relationship between mental health, adjustment to collage and college students’

sport activity. Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies. 2009;35:1169–1178. [Google Scholar]

13. Hunt J, Eisenberg D. Mental health problem and help-seeking behavior among college students. J Adolesc Health. 2010; 46:3–

14. Hussian R, Guppy M, Robertson S, Temple E.

Physical and mental health perspective of first year undergraduate rural university students. BMC Public Health. 2013;

13:848. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

15. Jin HM. The study of health promotion related life styles on university athletes and physical education students. Journal of Korean Physical Education Association for Girl and Women. 2011;25(4):149–163. [Google Scholar]

16. Kim DI, Kim JY, Lee MK, Lee HD, Lee JW, Jeon J. The relationship between fitness, BMI and risk factors of metabolic syndrome among university students in Korea. Korea

Society for the Study of

Obesity. 2012;21(2):99–107. [Google Scholar]

17. Labrie JW, Kenney SR, Lac A. The use of protective behavioral strategies is related to reduced risk in heavy drinking college students with poorer mental and physical health. J Drug Educ. 2010;40:361–378. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

18. LaMonte MJ, Barlow CE, Jurca R, Kampert JB, Church TS, Blair SN. Cardiorespiratory fitness is inversely associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome: a prospective study of men and women. Circulation. 2005;112:505–

19. Lee HG. A fact-finding survey and mental health of 1986’ freshman. Yeonsei Council Study. 1986;4(1):1–10. [Google Scholar]

20. Moon HS. The relation of university students;

sports participation to its physical self- concept stress and mental health. Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies. 2008;32:1145–

1158. [Google Scholar]

21. Regehr C, Glancy D, Pitts A. Interventions to reduce stress in university: a review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2013;148:1–

22. Shin BC, Park JH, Kim HJ. The relationships between health related physical fitness and mental health in older adult. Korea Sports Research. 2004;15:1735–1744. [Google Scholar]

23. Taylor D, Bramoweth A, Grieser E, Tatum J, Roane B. Epidemiology of insomnia in college students: Relationship with mental health, quality of life, and substance use difficulties. Behav Ther. 2013; 44:339–348.

[PubMed] [Google Scholar]

24. Zivin K, Eisenberg D, Gollust S, Golberstein E. Persistence of mental health problems and need in a college student population. J Affect Disord. 2009;117:180–185. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]