“A REVIEW ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE AND CHARACTERISTIC OF COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE WITH ADDITION OF MTBE WITH DIESEL”
Sunil Kumar Yadav
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technocrats Institute of Technology, Bhopal, M.P.
Prof. (Dr.) Anoop Kumar Pathariya
Department of Mechanical Engineering, TIT, Bhopal (M.P) 1. INTRODUCTION
In an internal combustion engine high amount of energy consume. [1] Petroleum fuels are currently the main source of energy supply for the modern civilization.
Petroleum based fuels have large impact on global economy through transportation and energy conversion sectors. [7, 8]
However in recent years depleting the crude oil reserves and environmental issues have become major concern for internal combustion engine manufacturers and researchers. As a result the researchers are trying to find alternative fuels. [3-9]
They are looking for renewable fuels with similar physicochemical characteristics to petroleum fuels so that it can be used in the existing engine without or with minimum modification to the engine.[7,8] The use of alternative fuels which are renewable and environmentally friendly have the potential to solve or at least ease the petroleum fuel crisis. [4-6]
Rodolf diesel is the inventor of diesel engine. India is getting above 80%
of the total requirement of its petroleum products from outside countries which unfavorably distress its economy.[11]
Diesel engines are widely used in heavy industrial application and transportation due to the higher compression ratio and thermal efficiency than spark plug ignition engines. However NO and smoke emissions of diesel engine threaten to the environment and human heath.[8-11]
The usage of biodiesel fuel have important potential to solve these problem in diesel engine. As it is understood biodiesel has higher cetane number than diesel fuel. [11] High cetane number increase the standard of combustion by decreasing the ignition time within the compression ignited engines. [10]
Biodiesel could also be a fuel that attends indicates the plant seeds or fruits wastage and animal fats. These plant seeds and animal fats are unremarkably
shown because the feed stock for biodiesel. [2] Biodiesel typically uses within the engine. [1-9] Biodiesel may be renewable fuel and contributes to the reduction of green house gas emission. [3]
Internal combustion engines the most contributors to the atmospheric pollution problem. [3-8]
1.1 Methyl Tert Butyl Ether
Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether is an compound with formula (CH3)3COCH3.
MTBE may be a volatile, flammable, and colorless liquid that's sparingly soluble in water. It's a minty odor vaguely like ether, resulting in unpleasant taste and odor in water. MTBE may be a gasoline additive, used as an oxygenate to boost the octane rating. Its use is controversial within the US and declining in use partially due to its occurrence in groundwater and legislation favoring ethanol. However, worldwide production of MTBE has been constant at about 18 million tons/y (2005) due to growth in Asian markets which are less subject to ethanol subsidies. [19] The blending of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) into motor gasoline has increased dramatically since it had been first produced 20 years ago.
MTBE usage grew within the early 1980's in response to octane demand resulting initially from the end of lead from gasoline and later from rising demand for premium gasoline. The ventilated fuel program stirred an increase in MTBE production between 1990 and 1994. MTBE demand multiplied from eighty three,000 in 1990 to 161,000 barrels per day in 1994. The reformulated gasoline (RFG) program provided an extra boost to oxygenate blending. The MTBE contained in motor fuel multiplied to 269,000 barrels per day by 1997. Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) has been accepted worldwide as an octane booster and it's being blended with gasoline upto 15 volume percent.
The demand for MTBE is growing chop- chop and it is the quickest growing
chemical these days as a result of it's replaced lead alkyl radical compounds in fuel. The utilization of lead and other metal containing compounds e.g., lead tetraethyl (TEL), tetra methyl lead (TML) and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) as gasoline additives for octane boosting is being discouraged. The emission of their combustion products from the vehicle exhausts creates atmospheric pollution causing serious health hazards.[20] us and a few European countries have imposed an entire ban on the utilization of such compounds. Consequently other blending
agents are required to exchange the metal based agents presently in use so as to extend the octane of gasoline. to possess lead free high octane gasoline, various components like methanol, tertiary butanol (TBA), secondary butanol (SBA), tertiary amyl ether (TAME) and MTBE are often used. Among these possibilities, MTBE appears to be the foremost effective choice because its physical, chemical and thermal properties are compatible thereupon of gasoline, especially within the boiling range where gasoline typically shows lowest antiknock characteristics.
Table: Properties of MTBE Empirical Formula C5H12O Solubility in water 26 g/L (20 °C)
Boiling point 55.2 °C (131.4 °F; 328.3 K) Flash point −33.0 °C (−27.4 °F; 240.2 K)
Molecular Weight 88.15 g/mol
Appearance Colorless Liquid
Freezing Point -109°C (-164°F)
Auto ignition Temperature 374°C (705°F) Specific Gravity @ 25/25°C 0.738
Vapor Pressure @ 20°C 204.0 mmHg Evaporation Rate (nBuAc = 1) 8.14
Kinematic Viscosity @ 25°C 0.47 cSt Expansion Coefficient @60°F, 1 atm
per °F 0.00078
Surface Tension @ 32°C 18.3 dynes/cm
Specific Heat 0.50 Btu/lb. °F
1.2 Octane Number
The output of AN engine is decided by its knock. more than knock may injury the engine. Low engine speed knock is typically audible to the driving force however isn't damaging to the engine.
High engine speed knock, however, is usually breathed on top of the engine, road and wind noise. The foremost severe knock, which might be terribly damaging, usually happens at motor manner cruising speeds of 4000 to 5000 rev and fashionable high compression engines increase the tendency to knock. Several engines can fail in but fifty hours beneath conditions of serious knock and therefore the damaging impact of knock is accumulative. Constant study additionally concludes that the most engine speed related to knock is greatly reduced with MTBE. Laboratory analysis and Motor amount procedures like ASTM ways D- 2699 and D-2700 aren't appropriate to be
used with neat oxygenates like MTBE.
Hydrocarbon values obtained by these ways aren't helpful in decisive knock- limited compression ratio for vehicles operational on neat oxygenates once homogenised with gasoline.
2. LITRATURE REVIEW
Lakshmanan et al (2017) according to researchers the optimum parameters for obtaining the only performance using alternate fuels of IC engines working with diesel blended with chicken fat oil. The test revealed that the emission reduction is typically a trade-off for brake power and better fuel consumption. Ethanol blended fuels were used for examining the performance of HCCI direct injection engine. Various combinational blends were used to simulate the performance results and compared thereupon of experimental results. Changes in peak pressure with second injection proved to
be very suitable method of controlling the combustion [1]. Advanced fuel injection system benefits shall not prevail for all running conditions of CI engines. Hence a up to date approach of simulating engine performance regarding combustion and emission. Results revealed an accurate burning of gas at the central core of combustion chamber with slight improvement in thermal efficiency. There was a compromise between thermal efficiency and unburned methane emission during different speed and low load operating condition of CI engines [2].
Replacement of traditional fuels with oil in proportions with n-propanol was tested and results revealed reduced greenhouse gas. The emission of smoke, CO & NOx were inversely proportional to the propanol content within the diesel.
Successful conversion of waste oil with an additive of propanol was demonstrated with reduced contamination of land and water [3]. Both challenges of managing plastic waste and fuel crisis shall be resolved by suitably extracting oil derivatives from plastic. Suitable additives proposed for such conversion are, n- hexane, 2-methoxy ester and ether. A study was administered so on know the feasibility of reducing diesel consumption by adding oils from plastic at various proportions [4]. Reduction in emissions was observed with considerable improvement in engine performance.
Similar attempt was made on diesel fuelled with oil derived from waste plastics to reduced NOx emission. The reduction in emission was addressed selective catalytic reduction post treatment process. Ammonia at 0.5 kg/hr flow provided good results as a reducer within the converter [5]. The physiochemical properties of oil from waste plastics must be improved to act as suitable alternate for petroleum based fuel products. Composite additives containing soy lecithin and di-tert-butyl peroxide mixture was proposed for fruitful enhancement of such properties [6]. Such augmentation combined with slight modification in engine geometry resulted good performance with reduced emissions. A thermochemical depolymerization technique was utilized for batch production of oil from waste plastics to suit the ever increasing fuel demand.
It was see that engine performance almost remained same. Faint increase in emissions were observed at mean effective pressures 3.8 bar [7,8]. The engine operating parameters need to be modified for suiting the combustion of waste plastic oils. Changing the injection timing and adapting post treatment like EGR, SCR, etc., were proposed [9]. Also decarburization of alternate fuel oils were proposed for recycling waste plastic oils [10]. The oil obtained from recycled waste plastics as compared with traditional fuels were tested at marine engines.
Alternate fuel emitted lower NOx & CO2 [11,12].
The experimental study by Al- Farayedhi [2] addressed the consequences of octane rating on exhaust emissions in an SI engine. MTBE, methanol, and ethanol were utilized in base unleaded fuel at three ratios (10, 15, and 20 vol.%) to get octane quality. The RON increased with the addition of oxygenate fuels to the bottom fuel. Furthermore, CO, HC, and NOx emissions were measured at an engine speed of 2000 rpm, constant load of 680kPa, stoichiometric mixture, and three different oxygenated blends. The simplest result for CO emission was obtained with MTBE20 (reduction of about 35%). because the octane rating increased, the HC emission generally decreased for the MTBE and methanol blends. On the opposite hand, the NOx emissions increased for MTBE and methanol compared to the bottom fuel when the octane rating increased.
Furthermore, increasing MTBE within the blend gave rise to more NOx. For the MTBE blends, the effect of engine speed on exhaust emissions performed at a continuing load of 680kPa was investigated. When the octane rating increased, the CO emission decreased, but the NOx emissions increased in the least engine speeds. Additionally, NOx emissions increased with increasing engine speed. The HC concentration decreased as engine speed or octane rating increased.
Hamdan and Al-Subaih [3] studied the effect of MTBE addition to gasoline on engine performance. The blends had five different percentages Of MTBE (0-20% by vol.) and were labeled MTBE0, MTBE5, MTBE10, MTBE15, and MTBE20. The octane number increased with the
addition of MTBE. The engine performance was investigated during one cylinder, four-stroke, SI TD110 engine.
The tests were performed at different engine speeds starting from 1400 to 3600 rpm. The maximum increase in engine power and thermal efficiency occurred at MTBE10 compared to the bottom fuel.
Additionally, the minimum specific fuel consumption was obtained with MTBE10.
The addition of MTBE led to a discount in CO and unburned hydrocarbon emissions. The at most reduction within the pollutant emissions was obtained with MTBE10.
Song et al. [4] study the consequences of ethanol and MTBE blends on the exhaust emissions and therefore the catalytic conversion efficiencies in an electronic fuel injection system (EFI) internal-combustion engine.
Gasoline, ethanol-gasoline blends, and MTBE-gasoline blends were utilized in their study. MTBE added volumetric amounts of 5, 10, 15, and 20% into the gasoline. Ethanol-gasoline blends contained percentages of the volumetric amount of ethanol of two .45, 4.90, 7.34, and 9.79% in terms of the oxygen concentrations of MTBE-gasoline blends.
The experiments were performed at engine speeds of 1600, 2600, and 3400 rpm at various loads. Generally, the researchers found that ethanol gave better results than MTBE in terms of the regulated engine out emissions. In reference to the catalytic conversion efficiencies of the regulated emissions, they were generally lower for ethanol blends than MTBE blends, particularly at low and high engine speeds.
Osman et al. [5] acknowledged that a 20%MTBE-fuel blend gave a lower CO emission and resulted in an estimated 24-60% reduction over the part load within the 1000–3000 rpm test speed range in comparison to commercial gasoline. Additionally, the 20% MTBE-fuel blend led to the lowest exhaust tailpipe temperature. Furthermore, the ten MTBE- fuel blend gave the lowest NOx concentrations under part-load conditions. On the other hand, the 20%MTBE-fuel blend caused relatively high concentrations of NOx emission under the same operating conditions.
Jenkins et al. [6] find out the performance of an SI engine with MTBE
as compared with ethanol and MTBE as a blending component. The oxygenated fuel blends included an entire of twenty-two and three .5% oxygen by weight. The exhaust emissions were analyzed at an engine speed range of 1500–5000 rpm and two parts of three .68 and 7.35 bar bmep. Furthermore, the effect of test fuels on the utmost engine power and torque were investigated via an honest open throttle with stock ignition timing and maximum brake torque (MBT) timing. The engine power and torque at full load with different fuel blends didn't change significantly. On the other hand, the fuel consumption of oxygenated fuels increased by 3-5%. In terms of emissions, CO emission decreased with the oxygenated fuels thanks to their slight leaning effect. The reduction in CO emission with ETBE at both loads was 20- 50%. The increment of oxygen content within the blend led to reduction in unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) concentration. The UHC emission decreased by 0-30% at both loads.
Additionally, NOx emissions increased slightly with the oxygenated fuels.
Graupner et al. [7] described the results of recent studies within the ecu region, including the effect of fuel oxygenates (especially MTBE) on regulated emissions for catalyst and non- catalyst vehicles. MTBE had the simplest effect on CO emission and confirmed earlier studies. It had been found that 15% MTBE lowered CO emissions for all car fleets, but the effect diminished from 17.6% for non-catalyst cars to 9.4% for the lower emitting catalyst cars. Smaller reductions in HC emissions were obtained. Non-catalyst cars had a lower relative effect (3.2% reduction) than higher emitting catalyst cars (6.5%
reduction). Furthermore, little effect was seen for lower emitting cars (1.3%
reduction). Meanwhile, NOx decreased for higher emitting catalyst cars and increased for lower emitting catalyst and non-catalyst cars
Poulopoulos and Philippopoulos [8] investigated the influence of MTBE blends on exhaust emissions. MTBE- gasoline blends contained MTBE at 2%, 5%, 8%, and 11% (w/w). The results indicated that CO and HC emissions decreased up to 11% with MTBE addition only at high engine loads. The oxygenated
fuels led to increase in CO and HC emissions at a low absorption of engine power. During cold start-up of the engine, CO, HC, and MTBE emissions increased relying on the share of MTBE within the gasoline.
Kalam and Masjuki [9] concludes from their research that POD meets the need of diesel combustion and is comparable other biodiesels derived from soybean and rape seed oils. Researchers from Malaysia vegetable oil Board (MPOB) has been the pioneer since 1980s doing research and development on vegetable oil as a fuel, and developed several processes to convert crude vegetable oil (CPO) to POD [4]. They completed a field trial in two phases on eight taxis using POD.
Their objectives were to review the performance of the diesel and therefore the behaviour of lubricating oils of diesel engines when fuelled with POD. The general results showed that the majority emissions were reduced and therefore the performances were comparable. Ali et al.
[19] experiment on a four-cylinders, four- strokes, direct-injection diesel operating with POD-diesel blend. The results showed that the engine brake power, torque and brake specific fuel consumption were comparable petro- diesel fuel when fuelled with POD-diesel blend under various operating conditions
Ejaz and Jamal [10] have significantly reviewed the results of engine tests administered by earlier researchers using oil based fuels. Most of them have utilized sunflower-seed oil, rape oil, vegetable oil, soyabean oil, vegetable oil and groundnut oil as fuel for diesel engines in several modes. They concluded that coking may be a major problem for unmodified vegetable oils in diesel. But, the chemically processed biodiesel blends with diesel are often used successfully during a diesel for extended duration.
Ramadhas et al. [11] have listed the benefits, challenges and technical difficulties of using oil based fuels in diesel engines. it had been reported that the feedstock price of vegetable oils, homogeneity and material compatibility are the main challenges. Engine durability, popularization of environmental benefits of vegetable oils, and effects of glycerol on engine life are the first technical difficulties of biodiesel.
Almeida and Al-Shyoukh [12] held
investigations on a diesel generator with preheated vegetable oil for various temperatures. Reduced NOx emissions and increased CO, HC, and CO2 emissions were obtained. Engine tests are administered by Devan and Mahalakshmi [13] with the aim of obtaining performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel running on Methyl Ester of Paradise Oil (MEPS) and its diesel blends. Significant reduction in smoke and unburned hydrocarbon emissions by 40% and 27% for MEPS 100 was found. However, there was a rise of NOx emission by 8% for MEPS 100.
Suryanarayanan et al. [12]
analyzed the performance and emission characteristics of methyl esters of sunflower-seed oil, Palm oil, Pungam oil, Jatropha oil, Rice bran oil and Waste vegetable oil and compared with those of diesel. It's found that sunflower-seed oil Methyl Ester (SUME) has the very best brake thermal efficiency across the range of loads while vegetable oil Methyl Ester (PAME) has rock bottom specific fuel consumption among the biodiesels. On the opposite hand, NOx emissions are found to be highest for SUME. All biodiesels record lesser CO, HC and soot emissions compared to diesel.
Murugesan et al. [13] studied the prospects and opportunities of introducing vegetable oils and their derivatives as fuel in diesel engines. That they had also discussed about peak pressure development, heat release rate analysis and vibration analysis of the engine in reference to the utilization of bio-diesel and traditional diesel oil. Use of biodiesel during a conventional diesel leads to substantial reduction in unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), carbon monoxide gas (CO), particulate matters (PM) emission and oxide of nitrogen. Also, issues like on timing for diesel operation with vegetable oils and their blends and environmental considerations were discussed.
Reed et al. [14] converted waste vegetable oil into its methyl and ethyl esters, and tested different blends of diesel and compared with neat biodiesel.
it had been reported that no significant difference occurred within the engine performance. Many researchers have also found slight increase in oxide (NOx) emissions and few others found slight
increase in aldehyde emissions [13–17].
Murillo et al. [15] found increased NOx emissions for a 3.5% increase in fuel density. it had been also found that the amount of double bonds, quantified as iodine number, correlated with NOx emissions. During this context, the first objective of this paper was to look at the potential of pongamia oil for its suitability as feedstock in biodiesel preparation and to match the fuel properties of the methyl esters of pongamia oil (PME) thereupon of bottom line diesel oil. Also, it's aimed to research the performance, combustion and emissions aspect of the DI diesel running on this biodiesel.
Uyumaz et al. [16], tested waste tyre oil biodiesel-diesel fuel blends (B10) and neat diesel during a four stroke direct injection diesel. Authors found that SFC of B10 fuel was above neat diesel about 20% at 3.75 Nm and seven .5 Nm load condition. Additionally, maximum smoke was obtain at full load conditions. Also, CO emissions decreased with the usage of B10 fuel. Labeckas and Slavinskas [18]
investigated the engine performance and exhaust emissions of canola biodiesel- diesel fuel blends. Authors reported that SFC increased about 18.7–23.2% thanks to low thermal energy of biodiesel fuel.
They also found that NO production of biodiesel-diesel fuel blends increased the assembly of NO emissions.
Usta et al. [16] investigated the consequences of biodiesel produced from hazelnut and waste sunflower-seed oil mixture and diesel oil blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions in an indirect injected, four stroke diesel. It had been reported that biodiesel fuel blends are often used with none modification and pre-heating in diesel engines. Searched the results of biodiesel made from waste renewable oil on combustion,
Özsezen et al. [17] tested the raw sunflower-seed oil in Associate in nursing indirect injected and 4 stroke ICE.
Authors found that brake force and power small one.36% and 1.35%, severally with the usage of raw sunflower-seed oil. On the opposite hand, SFC enhanced 4.98%
at full load conditions. At an equivalent time, HC, carbonic acid gas and smoke opacity small thirty three.6, 2.05 and 4.52%, severally, with the usage of sunflower-seed oil. will [21] tested waste deep-fried oil biodiesel-diesel fuel blends
(B5 and B10) in one cylinder, four stroke, direct injection ICE at four totally different engine masses (0.48–0.36–0.24–
0.12 MPa). Author such that ignition delay (ID) small and therefore the combustion was advanced. Author additionally detected that SFC enhanced and thermal potency small by B5 and B10 fuel blends.
Aksoy [18] blended diesel oil and biodiesel fuel made from Papaver somniferum oil five hundredth by volume and investigated engine performance and exhaust emissions. Authors‟ experiments showed that engine force and power small four and 5.73%, severally. Author reportable that CO and NO emissions small by five hundredth Papaver somniferum oil biodiesel and five hundredth diesel oil mix.
Altın et al. [19] searched engine performance of controlled substance oil and totally different oils and bodiesel fuels and therefore the blends with diesel oil.
Authors found that engine force and power small and SFC enhanced by Papaver somniferum oil biodiesel. Beside this, CO and NO emissions small with the usage of Papaver somniferum oil biodiesel.
Aksoy [20] aimed to research the biodiesel analysis of the Papaver somniferum seeds. Author most popular alkali catalyzed (NaOH) single-phase reaction to supply biodiesel. Author determined the methyl alcohol magnitude relation and catalyst concentration as twenty World Trade Center and zero.5 wt%, severally. Author additionally determined the some properties of Papaver somniferum oil biodiesel. Most in-cylinder pressure enhanced with the addition of biodiesel within the fuel mixtures at full load. Moreover, most heat unharness has been obtained with JP-8 (J100) check fuel for all engine masses because of shut hot worth of JP-8 aviation fuel [26–29]. In-cylinder pressure enhanced with waste vegetable oil biodiesel-diesel fuel blends (B20, B50, B75) and shorter ID and combustion period were determined. On the opposite hand, lower peak heat unharness was obtained with biodiesel because of higher ignition delay (ID) and worse fuel evaporation particularly at low engine masses.
Shi et al.[21] showed that in-
cylinder pressure enhanced with the rise of engine load. Moreover, slight decrease was seen on cylinder pressure with biodiesel-diesel fuel mix (B20) compared to B10 at constant EGR rate.
Liu et al. [22] showed slight increase was seen on heat release with biodiesel and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers-biodiesel fuel mix (B85P15) than diesel in premixed combustion stage, as a result of chemical element molecules improved the reaction reactions.
Combustion characteristics were improved with rice bran oil alkyl group esters (ROME) compared to algae extracted oil alkyl group esters (AME). At full load most incylinder pressure enhanced with ROME and AME compared that neat diesel. Waste animal oil biodiesel bestowed higher in-cylinder pressure with shorter heat unharness
period compared to diesel. Higher in- cylinder pressure was obtained with castor biodiesel-diesel fuel blends compared to diesel for all engine masses.
Combustion period small with the addition of mustard biodiesel into the diesel oil compared to diesel oil due to higher chemical element content of Biodiesel.
3. INSTRUMENTATION AND EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 3.1 Experimental Work and Test Procedure
The experimental work on diesel engine obscurity and analysis for growing trimmings and instrumental work was urbanized and appropriate test techniques for age band of the experimental data.
The setup consists of single cylinder, four strokes, diesel engine linked to eddy current dynamometer for loading. It is provided with essential instruments for combustion pressure and crank angle dimensions. These signals are interfaced to computer from side to side engine pointer for P - PV diagrams. The stipulation is as well completed for interfacing airflow, fuel flow, temperatures and brake power depth. The setup has a stand – alone section box consisting of air small package, fuel tank, manometer, fuel measuring factor, transmitters for air and fuel ability, method pointer and engine
pointer, Rotameters are provided for cooling water and calorimeter water flood measurement. The arrangement enables reading of engine performance for brake power, indicated power, friction power, brake mean effective power, indicated mean effective power, Brake Thermal Efficiency, indicated Thermal efficiency, Mechanical Efficiency, Volumetric Efficiency specific fuel expenditure, Air and fuel ratio and heat balance.
Lab sight based Engine performance psychoanalysis software package “EnginesoftLV” Provides for online performance assessment. An
electronic airflow velocity indicator was worn to conclude air mass flow rate at the engine intake. In regulate to trim down the pressure waves things a chamber before an air filtering system was introduce. First of all, they search from an inhabitant of point and not from a single point. Secondly, they use bribe in order based upon a functional, rather than derivatives or other supplementary knowledge. Thirdly they use probabilistic changes rule, not deterministic system, to steer, the explored. Yet the use of probabilistic has not proposed that the methods are a number of simple chance searches.
Gas adjusts the use of randomized operators, as a tool to guide a look for towards the region of solution space with likely development.
Lastly, they are talented to leave from local optima, maintaining at the same time a far above the ground rate of convergence towards the worldwide optimum. In use jointly, these difference denote to a Gas heftiness and consequential beneficial over additional supplementary usually uses optimization techniques. An electronic airflow swiftness indicator was worn to determine the air mass flow rate at the engine intake. They are different from the traditional optimization and rummage around procedure in a number of behavior.
3.2 Engine Specification
Quantitative MTBE-diesel blends proves that MTBE alternative fuel can be
partially substitute for the diesel fuel at the most operating condition in term of the performance parameter and emission without any engine modification to produce the performance in engine specification and power emission.
Complete activity experiment in a diesel power generator fuelled with the blends diesel-MTBE. And the result obtain suggest it showed that specific fuel burning, increases the brake thermal efficiency. The total fuel consumption is relatively low even under high brake power circumstances and the addition of oxygenate should be restricted to 15% for increased oxygen and reduced HC emission. Beyond that, the additive has not effects. The CO2 emission is greatly reduced for the blends having lesser quantity of additives. Biodiesel reduces by as much as 65% of the emission of small particles of solid combustion particulate for fuels having higher octane rating than petro diesel. In the literature review the purpose of the present work was to produce the feasibility of the utilization of MTBE-diesel blend in single cylinder direct injection compression ignition and the engine studing their performance, emission, combustion and power generation. At the same time, it improves engine moving with the use of blended diesel. MTBE- diesel blends reduces the knocking.
The compression ignition engine with rope brake dynamometer manufactured by KIRLOSKAR OIL ENGINE LTD.INDIA
Table: Engine Specification
4. METHODOLOGY
4.1 Preparation of Fuels to Be Used For Testing
The blending has been carried out for each biodiesel type with the petroleum diesel alone and that of mixed biodiesel samples (Fractional Blends or Multi Blends) with pure petroleum diesel. Each biodiesel sample has been blended with fossil diesel in a ratio of 5:95, 10:90, 15:85, 20:80, and 25:75 and a pure sample of each biodiesel as well as a pure petro-diesel sample kept for control purpose denoted as B5, B10, B15, B20, B25 and B0 for the pure petroleum diesel.
4.2 The Engine Operation
This research has been conducted to investigate the combustion and performance of a stationary four cylinder diesel engine run on different biodiesel or petro diesel blends and also on diesel fuel alone. The engine test has been carried out under full loading conditions at constant speed of 1500 RPM for each of the blends. The engine specification are presented in table1.
4.3 Experimental Procedure of Test Engine furnished with computerized instrumentation and data worship system Name of Diesel engine KIRLOSKAR
Engine type 4-stroke 4-valve
Rate of speed 1500 RPM
Brake power 5.2 kW
Swept volume 654.1 cm
Specific fuel consumption 252 g/kw-h
Fuel use Diesel
Stroke Length 110 MM
Cylinder diameter 87.8 MM Number of cylinder ONE Compression ratio 17.5:1
was used to measure various parameters to derive the performance like brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption as well as exhaust gas temperature. Emission characteristics were measured with the help of gas analyzer and smoke meter. The engine and the dynamometer were coupled using standard air tank was connected by means of a mass flow antenna of measuring the definite volume of air hanged keen on the other cylinder. The thermocouple and essential signal for the measurement of temperature at various points were suitably provided. The system can store a large number of graph for analysis. The experimental test setup for direct injection diesel engine is tested in the study was the AVI model of kirloskar adjust. The provision of the investigation engine is accessible in counter. The exhaust gas composition was measured using exhaust gas analyzer AVL DIGAS- 4000 model. It measures NOx, CO2, CO, HC, and O2 in the exhaust gas. The opacity of the exhaust gases was measurd by smoke meter AVL 437.
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