View of TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF KINADON TOXICITY ON CERTAIN BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN FRESH WATER FISH, CHANNA PUNCTATUS (BLOCH.)

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal ISSN No. 2456-1037 IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) Vol. 05, Issue 08,August 2020 Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

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TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF KINADON TOXICITY ON CERTAIN BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN FRESH WATER FISH, CHANNA PUNCTATUS (BLOCH.)

Uma Shankar Prasad

Dept. of Zoology, Rajendra College, Chapara, Bihar, India

Abstract- The experiment was conducted on freshwater fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch.) to study the toxicological effect of kinadon toxicity on certain biochemical parameters i.e.

serum cholesterol and serum protein. In the fish Channa punctatus, to evaluate the toxic effects of methyl parathion, LC50 value was carried out and then after to check the effect of the organophosphate over the nutritive value of fish, as it is the good source of protein, specially for human beings, was investigated at regular intervals. The main objective of the review is to provide a future guideline for the scientific community and public officials involved in health risk assessment and management ensuring a better environment condition for human health.

Keywords: Kinadon, toxicity, Channa punctatus, organophosphorous, serum protein, serum cholesterol.

1 INTRODUCTION

With the modernization of agricultural operations and rapid growth of industrial activities, there has been tremendous increase in the manufacture and use of insecticides. Incident of fish mortality have been reported from different parts of the world due to insecticidal treatment of the agricultural crops. Some pesticides, such as the organ chlorine, organophosphates with their in herent chemical stability and aquatic, natural present a further problem in the assessment of toxicity. Pesticides are being used globally on an increasingly scale. In India too, use of these chemicals is steadily increasing and is expected to be about 149-795 tonns by the year 1999-2000 (Gupta & Gupta, 1976).

Pesticides are major cause of concern for aquatic environment because of their toxicity, persistency and tendency to accumulate in the organisms. The impact of these pesticides on aquatic organisms is due to the movement of pesticides from various diffuse or point sources.

These pesticides are poising a great threat to aquatic fauna especially to fishes which constitute one of the major sources of protein rich food for mankind (Sharma and Singh, 2007 ).

2 MATERIAL AND METHODS

The freshwater air – breathing fish Channa punctatus, measuring 12-15cm in length and 29-65g in weight, were selected for the experiments. They were acclimated at the room temperature in glass aquaria (75cm x 37.5cm x 37.5cm) containing 10L non-chlorinatedtap water.

Tap water stored in large pots for dechlorination and was used as a diluent medium. The water of the aquaria was changed every third days or even earlier if it gave foul smell and fed on small pieces of liver and boiled egg yolk. Kinadon containing 80% active ingredient was used. The median tolerance limit was evaluated by using short term static bioassay method (APHA, AWWA & SPCR, 1971). The protein content was estimated by the method of Lowry et al. (1951) and the cholesterol was estimated by the method of Zak et.al. (1954).

3 OBSERVATIONS

The fresh water air breathing fish, Channa punctatus have been exposed to different concentrations 5ppm, 10ppm, 15ppm and 20ppm of kinadon and their survival number has been noted for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs. (Table-1).

Table 1 Survival Number of Channa Punctatus at Different Concentrations and Time Interval with Kinadon

S.NO. Concentrations

(ppm) No. of test

fishes Exposure time in hours 24 48 72 96 Total 50

1. 5 10 10 9 7 6 32

2. 10 10 10 7 5 4 26

3. 15 10 9 6 0 1 21

4. 20 10 4 1 0 0 5

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41 The values of cholesterol and protein content in serum of C. punctatus after 96 hrs. Exposureare 0.463 and 0.653 mg \dl respectively at 15ppm. These value are lower than that reported by Murthy& Devi (1986) and Singh & Bhati 1994). A decrease in the protein content after exposure to certain pesticides was recorded by Schaffer (1967), in another fish Leuciscus cephalus and a increase in the total cholesterol level, and size and weight of liver in rats exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) was recorded by Itokawa et al. (1975). Thus, the sublethal concentrations of kinadon cause a decrease in the serum

cholesterol and serum protein in Channa punctatus. The change could be due to damage to hepatic tissue and increased metabolism as suggested earlier (Rathore & Singh, 1999).

4 DISCUSSION

The serum cholesterol in the control group ranged from 0.89 to 0.94 with an average of 0.917 mg\dl. The decrease in the serum cholesterol level with an increase the exposure time of kinadon is very highly significant (P<0.001), at the 15ppm sub-lethal concentration. (Table-2).

Table 2 Effect of kinadon toxicity on the serum cholesterol of channa punctatus (Bloch.)

Exposure time in hours 15 ppm

Control 24 hrs. 48 hrs. 72 hrs. 96 hrs.

Mean (mg /dl ) 0.917 0.757 0.71 0.527 0.463 SE (mg / dl ) 0.014*** 0.012*** 0.006*** 0.018*** 0.009***

SE = Standard Error

*** = p < 0.001

The cholesterol biosynthesis seemed unaffected, bu the hydrolysis of esterified cholesterol to free cholesterol was adversely affected during the period of estrogen biosynthesis. Further, high levels of esterified cholesterol, along with low levels of free cholesterol, in the ovaries, pesticides treated fish, suggest that these pesticides might have checked the conversion of esterified cholesterol to their free form, which would probably lead to decreased steroid production in

this species (Singh & Singh,1987b). The serum protein in the control group ranged from 0.11 to 0.16 with an average of 0.13mg\dl. The decrease in the serum protein level with an increase in the exposure time of kinadon is very highly significant (P<0.001), at the 15ppm sub- lethal concentration. (Table-3)). But in acute exposure the protein content of liver decreased by 26.9% (Shukla and Sastry, 1998).

Table 3 Effect of kinadon toxicity on the serum protein of channa punctatus (Bloch.) Exposure time in hours 15ppm

Control 24hrs. 48hrs. 72 hrs. 96 hrs.

Mean ( mg/ dl) 0.13 0.187 0.273 0.48 0.653

SE (mg/dl) 0.0150*** 0.069*** 0.0189*** 0.0125*** 0.0144***

SE = Standard Error

*** = p < 0.001 5 CONCLUSION

In the present investigation on the toxicity of an organ phosphorous intoxicant, kinadon on biochemical parameters of the serum blood of Channa punctatus (Bloch.) has been studies.

Channa punctatus (Bloch.) exposed to sub-lethal concentration for various period extending up to 96 hours at 5ppm, 10ppm and 15ppm. Decreasing in the protein level along with the increased activities of transminases indicate enhanced proteolysis in liver and

muscles. Serum cholesterol showed a decrease with an increase the exposure time and is very highly significant (p<0.001), and serum protein also showed the decreasing trend after exposure 96hrs. Thus the indication of proteolysis and decrease of metabolic activities is clearly showed a significant decrease in all metabolic activities.

Acknowledgement

I wish to express my sincere profound gratitude to Dr. Surendra Singh, lecturer,

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42 Department of Zoology, Dr. B. R.

Ambedkar University, Agra under whose supervision and guidance this investigation has been carried out. My cordial thanks are due to friends and lab assistant for help in many ways.

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