All the whims of Nature point to the extraordinary superiority of Nature's power for mankind. The vertical movement of the sea floor caused by this powerful earthquake proved disastrous.
Recognizing a Tsunami
The fury of the waves even changed the coastal map of India as Indira Point – India's southernmost peak – was washed away.
Tectonic Plates
Around the Pacific basin, on the bottom of the ocean floor, there are a series of volcanic arcs and deep ocean trenches. This region, also called the circum-Pacific seismic belt, is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes.
Undersea Earthquakes
This sudden vertical displacement over large areas strongly displaces the seawater, which struggles to regain its e-equilibrium under the influence of gravity. This vertical movement of the entire water column creates destructive tsunami waves.
Volcanic Eruptions
Landslides
Similarly, when strong earthquakes occur, there is a high probability of underwater landslides, which can contribute to the generation of tsunamis. Due to energy dissipation, these waves travel quickly away from the source and wreak havoc along nearby coastlines.
Impact of Meteorites and Asteroids
On the Way To Spelling Disaster
Now what happens when a powerful tsunami leaves the deep waters of the open sea and enters the shallow waters of the coast. In other words, since the total energy of the tsunami remains unchanged, the height of these waves grows tremendously.
Chapter- 2
History of Tsunami
Tsunami in the history
On the coast opposite the lava and Sumatra.. the flood went many kilometers inland causing great loss of. As a result of this tsunami, the United States established a Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in Hawaii two years later.
Tsunamis in the Asian Region 6
The tsunami generated by the Great Chilean Earthquake - recorded at 9.5 on the Richter scale - turned out to be the most destructive tsunami of the 20th century). But this is to be expected, since the approximate length of the Indian coast is about 6000 kilometers and the tsunami earthquakes occur most often at the Andaman Sea, an area about 400-500 kilometers SSW of Sri Lanka and the Arabian Sea about 70 -100 kilometers to the south of Pakistan's coast along Karachi and Baluchistan. The oldest record of an Indian tsunami is available from reports of the 326 BC earthquake near the Indus delta/Kutch region.
Of the tsunami mentioned above, the one that started off the coast of Mekron in 1945 was the deadliest and killed people in areas as far as Mumbai. At that time, tide gauges were not in operation, so it was not possible to calculate the exact height of the tsunami waves.
Tsunamis around the world 2-5.7-9
Alexander the Great's wandering Macedonian fleet is said to have been destroyed by the ground wave that preceded the tsunami. An 8.1 magnitude earthquake occurred in the Andaman Sea on June 26, 1941, and a resulting tsunami struck the east coast of India. Tremors from the earthquake were felt in towns along the Coromandel Coast of India and even in Colombo.
Tsunami in the 1990s
1960: The largest magnitude 8.6 earthquake of the 20th century occurred off the coast of south-central Chile. It generated a Pacific-wide tsunami that was devastating locally in Chile and throughout the Pacific. Although the size of the Quake was not large enough to directly create these waves, it is believed that the ground QUak generated an underwater landslide, which in turn caused the tsunami.
Indonesia has seen more than 50,000 deaths in more than 30 devastating tsunamis over the centuries - not including the most recent disaster.
Chapter- 3
Warning Bells
Furthermore. if earthquakes are difficult to predict, tsunamis are even more difficult to predict because they depend on hard-to-determine factors such as the exact topography of the seabed at the epicenter of the earthquake. The tsunami that hit the island of Sumatra took two hours to reach Sri Lanka and another hour to hit the Indian coast - enough time to track the waves and warn coastal communities of the impending danger. These deaths could have been avoided if the Indian region had an early warning system in place.
For example, an early warning system has been in place for the Pacific Ocean ever since a tsunami swept over Hawaii in 1946. It is difficult to predict earthquakes, it is even more difficult to predict tsunamis because they depend on hard-to-determine factors such as as the exact topography of the ocean floor at the epicenter of the earthquake.
Tsunami Warning Systems
Most tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ocean, which covers more than a third of the Earth's surface. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) in Ewa Beach, Hawaii serves as the regional Tsunami Warning Center for Hawaii and as a national/international warning center for tsunamis that pose a threat to the entire Pacific Ocean. Established in 1949, the Pacific Tsunami Warning System (PTWS) comprises 26 international member states that form an international coordination group for the Tsunami Warning System (TWS) in the Pacific region.
If the earthquake is in or near the Pacific Ocean basin and its magnitude is 6.5 or greater but less than or equal to 7.5 (less than or eQ!.lalto 7.0 in the Aleutian Islands). Tsunami Warning Watch bulletins are issued to distribution agencies for earthquakes with a magnitude greater than 7.5 (greater than 7.0 in the Aleutian Islands region).
Tsunami Safety Rules
These ~. provide the earliest warning for the population near the epicenter of the earthquake. issuing immediate warnings based on earthquake information without waiting for the tsunami wave'~ . confirmation. To function effectively. these general regional systems\)' collect data from a number of telemetered seismic and tidal stations at headquarters. Earthquakes nearby are located. common\)' in 15 minutes or less. and a warning based on seismic evidence is issued to the population of the area.
If a tsunami is detected, data from the onboard computer chip is uploaded via audio signals to a 'hydrophone' attached to a surface buoy. The buoy sends data to the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) orbiting our planet.
The Indian Paradigm
Seabed pressure sensors, tide gauges and a three-dimensional digital model of the Indian Ocean will be the heart of such a system.
Heeding Danger Signals
Sound of Danger
Those who do not recognize this as a common precursor to tsunami waves are often drawn to the exposed coast. Some may even rush to collect fish left high and dry on the exposed beach, or to view never-before-seen rock and reef formations, only to be struck moments later by the incoming wall of water. This was one of the few beaches in Thailand where no one was reportedly killed or even seriously injured.
A close look at animal behavior during the recent tsunami is also revelatory in terms of early warning signs of danger. In deep, open ocean water, tsunami waves are often less than a meter low and can travel at speeds of up to 1,000 kilometers per hour.
Animal Clues
Perhaps this instinct and awareness of nature's warning signals is what saved the indigenous people of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands from the wrath of the tsunami as they fled for safety at the first indications. Wildlife experts believe that animals' more acute hearing (and other senses) may enable them to hear or feel the Earth's vibration, warning them of approaching disaster long before humans can feel it. In Japan, where earthquake devastation has claimed countless lives and caused enormous property damage, scientists have long studied animals in hopes of discovering what they hear or feel.
It would not be such an idea to look for behavior that deviates from the norm as a predictive tool. Authorities in Liaoning successfully predicted an earthquake on February 4, 1975.partial\}' based on odd animal activity prior to the event.
Chapter- 4_
Post Tsunami
Trauma Management
Stress Reactions
Yoga & Trauma Management in the Post Tsunami Scenario
Meditation increases the blood levels of neurohumors along with a reduction in plasma cortisol levels. This may indicate a decrease in the psychosomatic stress and improvement in the ability to do more intellectual work 2. Social and Emotional Yoga may not help much in the initial stages of physical trauma. Yet Yoga can play a major role in the rehabilitation of a victim at all levels on a long-term basis.
Following such practices would help in overcoming the aftershocks of disaster, establishing a cordial relationship with fellow human beings and society as a whole. Surya Namaskar consists of a series of 12 postures (Solar Solution) performed early in the morning, facing the rising sun.
Asanas
Pranayama
It induces calm and increases vitality and lowers levels of stress and anxiety by harmonizing the pranas. This practice also cools the body and mind .• It induces muscle relaxation, mental roQuili, and can be used as a soothing sedative before sleep 4. Breathe slowly~ and gently~. Repeat this practice for 5 - 9 rounds. Uii'!)'i is classified as a tranQuilizing pran'!)'ama.
Extend the tongue outside the mouth as far as possible and roll it from the side to form a tube. During the exhalation gently bend the neck down to adopt the falandhara bflpdha (the neck lock. by bending the neck) after the end of exhalation.
Bhastrika
Mudras
Place your hands on your back and grasp one wrist with the other.. Inhale slowly and feel the breath gradually!)' rising from the base of the spine (mooladhara) to the middle eyebrows (ajna chakra). Raise the trunk to a vertical position and be aware of the breath moving upwards. It is the science of relaxation that enables one to delve deep into the realms of the subconscious mind.
The ultimate goal of yogic practices is to make a trauma victim strong enough on a mental level to withstand the pain of the incident. The ultimate goal of yogic practices is to make a trauma victim strong enough on a mental level to withstand the pain of the incident.
Ayurveda & Trauma Management in the Post
2-5 g of root powder with desi ghee Le., clarified butter taken orally!! twice a day is beneficial in sleep disorders such as sleep deprivation or insomnia2. The upper surfaces of the leaves are smooth, but the lower surfaces are smooth. scarce!! , hail)'. 20 ml of the juice extracted from the whole plant, taken orally two to three times a day, is beneficial for improving the intellect.
Massaging the body (especially the soles of the feet) with lukewarm mustard oil is helpful in treating insomnia4. The seeds are reported to contain the alkaloids celastrine and paniculatin which constitute the active principles of the herb.
Unani System of Medicine &
Trauma Management in the
Post Tsunami Scenario
According to the Unani system of medicine, it is a tonic for the nervous system and helps eliminate the excessive accumulation of black bile in the blood, which is a cause of psychosomatic disorders. Using the powder with 5 mg of honey enhances its effect for treating forgetfulness or memory loss (Nisyaan). Water-based paste of flowers and leaves of the plant is applied on the head for the. treatment of brain weakness.
Tides: The periodic rise and fall of the sea surface that occurs twice a day over most of the Earth. Tsunami Information Bulletin: A message issued to inform participants of the occurrence of a large EarthQ!.lake in the Pacific Ocean or near the Pacific Ocean.
