1
fodkl esa ,sfrgkfld /kjksgj dk ;ksxnku ¼if'peh jktLFkku ds lanHkZ esa½
डॉ संजय बुन्देला
मानविकी तथा सामावजक विज्ञान विभाग
ज्योवत विद्यापीठ मविला विश्वविद्यालय] जयपुर] राजस्थान] भारत
E.Mail ID- [email protected]
lkjka'k & ,sfrgkfld /kjksgj u dsoy gekjs bfrgkl ls tqMh gS oju~ ;g gekjs orZeku dk fgLlk gS vkSj Hkfo"; dh fn'kk funsZ'kd HkhA if'peh jktLFkku HkkSxksfyd :i ls jsfxLrkuh {ks= gS tgka vk/kkjHkwr lqfo/kkvksa dk vHkko jgkA ,sls esa fodkl dh jkg esa bl {ks= dk vk/kkj cus ;gka fufeZr ,sfrgkfld fdys] gosfy;ka] dq,sa] ckofM;ka vkSj vU; LFkyA bu ,sfrgkfld /kjksgjks ds dkj.k gh bl {ks= esa i;ZVu m|ksx dks c<kok feyk vkSj bl m|ksx us if'peh jktLFkku ds fodkl ds u, }kjk [kksy fn,A vkt if'peh jktLFkku dh igpku ;gh ,sfrgkfld /kjksgjs gS ftlesa ;wusLdks esa 'kkfey tSlyesj dk lksukj dk fdyk izeq[k gSA tks/kiqj dk esgjkux<] ckMesj ds fdjkMw ds eafnj] chdkusj dk fdyk bl {ks= dh izeq[k ,sfrgkfld /kjksgjs gSA
bu /kjksgjksa dk gh ;ksxnku gS ftlds dkj.k bl {ks= esa vkfFkZd fodkl gks jgk gSA v/kkslajpukRed fodkl esa lMdksa dk fuekZ.k gks jgk gS] u, f'k{kk dsUnz] LokLF; dsUnz [kqy jgs gSA izkphu gLrdyk dks cuk, j[kus esa Hkh bUgha /kjksgjksa dh Hkwfedk jgh gSA if'peh jktLFkku esa i;ZVu c<+ jgk gSA ftlls LFkkuh; yksxksa dks jkstxkj ds lkFk cSad] Ldwy]
dkWyst] fpfdRlky;] lMd vkfn dh lqfo/kk,sa Hkh fey jgh gSA ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd if'peh jktLFkku ds fodkl esa bu ,sfrgkfld /kjksgjksa dh Hkwfedk egRoiw.kZ gSA
eq[; 'kCn & /kjksgj] fodkl] jktLFkku] ,sfrgkfld] tSlyesj] i;ZVu] fdjkMw eafnj] lksukj dk fdyk] tks/kiqj] chdkusj] ckMesjA
1- if'peh jktLFkku ,d ifjp;
if'pe jktLFkku vis{kk—r lw[kk vkSj catj gS] blds dqN fgLls esa Fkkj dk jsfxLrku Hkh vkrk gS ftls xzsV bafM;u Mst+VZ Hkh dgk tkrk gSA jkT; ds nf{k.k&if'peh fgLls esa t+ehu ue] igkM+h vkSj T;knk mitkm gSA iwjs jktLFkku esa tyok;q cnyrh jgrh gSA vkSlr rkSj ij lfnZ;ksa esa rkieku 8 fMxzh ls 28 fMxzh lsfYl;l vkSj xfeZ;ksa esa 25 fMxzh ls 46 fMxzh lsfYl;l jgrk gSA o"kkZ dk vkSlr Hkh cnyrk jgrk gS D;ksafd if'peh jsfxLrku esa yxHkx 100 feeh- lkykuk vkSj jkT; ds nf{k.k&iwoZ fgLls esa 650 feeh- lkykuk ckfj'k gksrh gSA blesa ls T;knkrj ckfj'k tqykbZ ls flracj esa ekulwu ds nkSjku gksrh gSA
çk—frd lkSan;Z ls Hkjiwj jktLFkku esa Hkkjr Hkj ls gtkjksa lSykuh vkrs gSaA i;ZVu jkT; ds ?kjsyw mRikn dk vkB çfr'kr ls T;knk curk gSA jktLFkku vius fdyksa]
eafnjksa vkSj lth gqbZ gosfy;ksa ds fy, e'kgwj gSA dbZ iqjkus vkSj misf{kr fdys rFkk egyksa dks gSfjVst gksVy esa rCnhy fd;k x;k gSA blls gkWfLiVfyVh ;kfu vkfrF; {ks= esa jkstxkj c<+k gSA jktLFkku esa dbZ i;ZVd LFky gSa] fo'ks"k rkSj ij buesa çkphu vkSj eè; ;qxhu okLrqdyk ds çeq[k gSaA vU; n'kZuh; LFkyksa esa ekmaV vkcw] vtesj] vyoj dk lfjLdk ck?k vHk;kj.;] Hkjriqj dk dsoyknso i{kh vHk;kj.;] chdkusj] t;iqj] tksèkiqj]
mn;iqj] ikyh] tSlyesj vkSj fpÙkkSM+x<+
2
'kkfey gSaA ;gka lu~ 1992 esa i;ZVu dks m|ksx dk ntkZ fn;k x;kA
2- if'peh jktLFkku dh ,sfrgkfld /kjksgjsa
lksukj dk fdyk vkSj gosfy;ka tSlyesj ftys dk Hkw&Hkkx çkphu dky esa
*ekMèkjk* vFkok *oYyHke.My* ds uke ls çfl) FkkA ;gk¡ dk lksukj fdyk jktLFkku ds Js"B èkkUou nqxksZa esa ekuk tkrk gSaA tSlyesj ds fdys dk fuekZ.k 1156 esa fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj ;g jktLFkku dk nwljk lcls iqjkuk jkT; gSA <kbZ lkS QhV Åapk vkSj lsaV LVksu ds fo'kky [k.Mksa ls fufeZr 30 QhV Åaph nhokj okys bl fdys esa 99 çkphj gSa] ftuesa ls 92 dk fuekZ.k 1633 vkSj 1647 ds chp djk;k x;k FkkA tSlyesj esa izkphu gosfy;ka Hkh ,sfrgkfld /kjksgjks esa 'kkfey gSA ;wusLdks dh ,sfrgkfld /kjksgjksa esa tSlyesj dk fdyk viuk LFkku j[krk gSA
fdjkMw ds eafnj
fdjkMw ds çkphu efUnj jktLFkku ds ckM+esj ls yxHkx 35 fdeh mÙkj&if'pe esa gSA fdjkMw ds foÜo çfl) ik¡p eafnjksa dk lewg ckM+esj equkcko jsyekxZ ij [kM+hu LVs'ku ls 5 fdeh ij gFkek xkao ds ikl igkM+h ds uhps vofLFkr gSA fdjkMw dh LFkkiR; dyk Hkkjrh; ukxj 'kSyh dh gSA crk;k tkrk gS fd ;gk¡ bl 'kSyh ds yxHkx nks ntZu {kr fo{kr eafnj Fks ysfdu vHkh ;s dsoy 5 gSaA ;gk¡ ds eafnjksa esa jfr –';ksa ds Li"V vadu gksus dh otg ls fdjkMw dks jktLFkku dk [ktwjkgks Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
fdjkMw ds lksesÜoj eafnj ds ikl fLFkr NksVs f'ko eafnj dh 'kSyh esa lksesÜoj ftruh lw{erk ugha gS bldk Hkh xqacn [kafMr gS] fdarq ;g vanj ls fQj Hkh lqjf{kr gS o [kafMr ugha gSA bl eafnj dh ohfFkdk ds lkeus dh vksj gh dqN nwj tkdj f'ko] fo".kq vkSj czãk ds eafnj gSA
buesa ls ,d eafnj ds ços'k }kj dh vxZyk iêh ij uhps dh vksj xkSjh rFkk x.ks'k dh cgqr gh vkd"kZd çfrek gS ftlesa xkSjh ds gkFk esa eksnd gS vkSj ckyd x.ks'k ml eksnd dks viuh lw¡M ls mBkus dk ç;kl djrs fn[krs gSaA
esgjkux<+
esgjkux<+ dk fdyk igkM+h ds fcYdqy Åij cls gksus ds dkj.k jktLFkku ds [1]lcls [kwclwjr fdykvksa esa ls ,d gSA bl fdyk ds lkSan;Z dks J`a[kykc) :i ls cus }kj vkSj Hkh c<+krs gSaA bUgha }kjksa esa ls ,d gS&t;iksyA bldk fuekZ.k jktk ekuflag us 1806 bZLoh esa fd;k FkkA nwljs }kj dk uke gS&fot;}kjA bldk fuekZ.k jktk vthr flag us eqxyksa ij fot; ds miy{; esa fd;k FkkA fdys ds vanj esa Hkh i;ZVdksa dks ns[kus gsrq dbZ egRoiw.kZ bekjrsa gSaA tSls eksrh egy] lq[k egy] Qwyegy vkfn&vkfnA
tloar FkM+k
;g iwjh rjg ls ekcZy fufeZr gSA bldk fuekZ.k 1899 esa jktk tloar flag ¼f}rh;½ vkSj muds lSfudksa dh ;kn esa fd;k x;k FkkA bldh dyk—fr vkt Hkh i;ZVdksa dks viuh vksj vkdf"kZr djrk gSA egkjktk tloar flag f}rh; dh ;kn esa lQsn laxejej ls bZloh lu~ 1899 esa fufeZr ;g 'kkgh Lekjdksa dk lewg gSA eq[; Lekjd ds vanj tksèkiqj ds fofHkUu 'kkldksa ds fp=
gSaA
chdkusj fdyk
cM+k fdyk vfèkd uohu gS rFkk bldk fuekZ.k egkjktk jk;flag ds le; gqvk FkkA fdys dk ços'k }kj d.kZiksy gSA blds vkxs ds njoktksa esa ,d lwjt iksy gSA igys ds jktkvksa ds cuok, gq, LFkkuksa esa egkjktk jk;flag dk pkSckjk] egkjktk xtflag dk Qwyegy] pUæegy] xteafnj rFkk dpgjh] egkjktk lwjrflag dk
3
vuqiegy] egkjktk ljnkj flag dk cuok;k gqvk jRueafnj vkSj egkjktk Mwaxj flag dk N=egy] phuh cqtZ] xuir fuokl] yky fuokl] ljnkj fuokl] xaxk fuokl] lksgu HkqtZ ¼cqtZ½] lqugjh HkqtZ
¼cqtZ½ rFkk dks<+h 'kä fuokl gSA ckn ds jktkvksa us Hkh le; le; ij uohu Hkou cuokdj mudh 'kksHkk c<+k nh gSA bu egyksa esa nysy fuokl vkSj xaxk fuokl uked fo'kky d{k eq[; gSA
ykyx<+ egy] nsohdqaM] uky]
dksM+enslj] xtusj] Jhdksyk;r th]
ns'k.kksd] oklh &ojflaglj] tsxyk] ik[kk]
tkaxyw] eksj[kk.kk] ikapq vkSj Nkij ,sls dbZ ,sfrgkfld /kjksgj if'peh jktLFkku esa fLFkr gSA
3- if'peh jktLFkku ds fodkl esa ,sfrgkfld /kjksgjksa dk ;ksxnku i;ZVu ,d ,slk m|ksx gS tks ,sfrgkfld /kjksgjksa ds vk/kkj ij pyrk gSA ,sfrgkfld /kjksgjksa us if'peh jktLFkku esa jkstxkj ds u, lk/ku miyC/k djok, gS ftlds dkj.k if'peh jktLFkku esa lMdksa dk tky QSy x;k gSA ,sfrgkfld /kjksgjksa ds i;ZVu us jktLFkku esa gLrdyk m|ksx dks c<k;k gSA jkstxkj esa VwfjLV xkbMksa] Vªsoy ,tsUVksa]
gksVyksa ds :i esa O;olk;ksa dks c<kok feyk gSA
3-1 if'peh jktLFkku esa i;ZVu
o"kZ i;ZVd izfr'kr
1991 24-46
2001 23-97
2011 30-89
lkj.kh ls Li"V fd fiNys n'kd dh rqyuk esa if'peh jktLFkku esa i;ZVu djhc 7 izfr'kr rd c<+ x;k gSA
3-2 i;ZVu dk L=ksr
Vªsoy ,tsUlh 40-96
Lo;a 31-33
O;olkf;d i;ZVu 13-21
daiuh izksRlkgu i;ZVu 12-05
vU; 2-41
mijksDr rkfydk ls Li"V gS fd if'peh jktLFkku esa vf/kdka'k i;ZVu Vªsoy ,tsUlh }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA blesa okgu pkydksa] gksVy O;olkf;;ksa ds :i esa jkstxkj dks c<kok fey jgk gSA
3-3 i;ZVu ls gLrdyk ekfld vk; esa o`f)
100 ls 600 :i,
600 ls 1000 :i,
1000 ls 3000 43izfr'kr 41 izfr'kr 16 izfr'kr
3-4 dkj.k
mRiknu ekax esa o`f) 35 izfr'kr nqdkunkjksa }kjk mRiknksa dh
dher c<uk
36 izfr'kr i;ZVdks }kjk vf/kd dher
nsuk
22 izfr'kr
lHkh 07 izfr'kr
mijksDr nksuksa lkjf.k;ksa ls Li"V gS fd if'peh jktLFkku esa gLrdyk m|ksx Qy Qwy jgk gSA blls vk; esa o`f) gks jgh gSA i;ZVd gLrdyk mRiknksa dh vPNh dher nsrs gSA ftlls if'peh jktLFkku esa vkfFkZd fLFkfr esa lq/kkj gks jgk gSA
3-5 if'peh jktLFkku esa fodkl lwpdkad ewY;
ftys HkkSxksfyd Ñf"k vkfFkZd v/kkslajpukRed ckMesj 0-17 &0-
67
&0-73 &0-19 chdkusj 1-05 &0-
69 0-52 0-16
xaxkuxj 0-48 1- 32
&0-18 &0-41 tSlyesj 0-60 &1-
53 1-24 &0-31 tks/kiqj 0-61 &0-
39
&0-11 &0-01
4
4- fodkl lwpdkad
ftys tula[;k o`f)
dqy Qly {ks=
dk vflafpr izfr'kr
dqy dkexkjksa esa eq[; dkexkj
xkaoksa esa fctyh miyC/krk
izfr'kr
uxjh;
tula[;k izfr'kr
,d yk[k tula[;k ij i'kqvksa dh la[;k
ckMesj 32-55 9-19 61-7 96-10 7-0 21179
chdkusj 24-48 16-64 76-3 98-71 33-9 15182
xaxkuxj 10-06 75-48 74-6 95-62 27-2 8016
tSlyesj 32-22 13-96 60-7 78-21 13-3 48616
tks/kiqj 27-69 19-37 70-9 100 34-3 1362
ftys jftLVMZ
okgu@10000
lMd yackbZ@10000fdeh2
lk{kjrk nj fpfdRlky;ksa esa cSM la[;k@10000
Ñf"k mRiknu
Vu esa
vdkexkj izfr'kr@dqy
dkexkj
ckMesj 380-70 1713-20 56-50 4 280-20 86-1
chdkusj 1240-18 1502-32 65-1 18 274-40 86-2
xaxkuxj 1741-32 1138-72 69-6 7 490-60 59-3
tSlyesj 298-75 826-73 57-2 6 227-7 78-8
tks/kiqj 1456-16 2647-30 65-9 17 315-20 92-2
ftys cSadks dh la[;k@yk[k
fMiksftV@O;fDr ØsfMV@O;fDr nl gtkj ij izkFkfed
Ldwy
Ldwy tkus okyks dk
izfr'kr
dqy Ñf"k {ks= esa nksgjh Qly dk
{ks= izfr'kr
ckMesj 6 2643 1018 18-11 80-01 6-42
chdkusj 12 8336 3278 9-17 79-30 23-52
xaxkuxj 12 7761 4562 10-86 85-33 43-42
tSlyesj 10 3910 1492 20-71 78-12 7-15
tks/kiqj 8 8481 3645 11-17 89-42 14-75
ftys dkWyst fo|kFkhZ
f'k{kkdsUnz@fdeh2 HkwfejsosU;w@O;fDr iksLV lfoZl@100fdeh2
dkWijsfVo lkslkbVh@1000
nw/k mRiknu
fdyks esa@1000
ckMesj 8-62 0-05 4-86 2 0-32 129
chdkusj 17-29 0-09 2-78 1 0-67 226
xaxkuxj 19-32 0-17 5-85 2 0-64 218
tSlyesj 11-46 0-04 31-94 1 0-52 203
tks/kiqj 8-74 0-21 7-10 2 0-50 192
mijksDr lkjf.k;ka if'peh jktLFkku ds fodkl lwpdkad dks n'kkZrh gSA bu lkjf.k;ksa ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gksrk gS fd if'peh jktLFkku ds izeq[k ftyksa esa fctyh] LokLF;] f'k{kk] cSad] jkstxkj] Hkwfe O;olk;] okgu lqfo/kk,sa] lMdks dk fodkl rhozrk ds lkFk gks jgk gSA bl fodkl esa ftl m|ksx dk izeq[k LFkku gS og gS i;ZVu vkSj i;ZVu dks c<kok ns jgs gS if'peh jktLFkku esa fLFkfr ,sfrgkfld /kjksgjksa ds lk{kh fdys] gosfy;ka] eafnj] FkMs vkSj dq,sa ckofM;kaA
5- fu"d"kZ
Li"V gS fd if'peh jktLFkku esa Ñf"k dh fLFkfr vPNh ugha gS vkSj uk gh o"kkZ vPNh izdkj gksrh gSA if'peh jktLFkku ,d lw[kk vkSj jsfxLrkuh {ks= gS tgka ij vk/kkjHkwr lqfo/kkvksa dh deh FkhA ,sls esa if'peh jktLFkku ,sfrgkfld /kjksgjksa ds {ks= esa izeq[k jgkA jktLFkku ds bfrgkl dh dbZ tkudkfj;ka vius /kjksgjksa esa ;g {ks= lekfgr fd, gq, gSA ,sls esa ,sfrgkfld /kjksgjksa us bl {ks= esa i;ZVu dks c<+kok fn;kA i;ZVu dks c<+kok feyus
5
ds ckn ;gka f'k{kk] LokLF;] vk;] jkstxkj]
O;olk;] lMd] ikuh] fctyh] cSad vkfn lqfo/kk,sa c<+ jgh gS vkSj ;g {ks=
,sfrgkfld /kjksgjksa ds vk/kkj ij fodkl dj jgk gSA
lanHkZ xzaFk lwph
1. fjiksVZ] lkaf[;dh ,oa tux.kuk funs'kky;]
jktLFkku ljdkj] 2011
2. fjiksVZ] i;ZVu fjiksVZ] 2011] i;ZVu foHkkx]
jktLFkku ljdkjA
3. jktLFkku i;ZVu iksVZyA
4. fofy;u] Mh-] ^VwfjTe bQsDV~l*] vkWDlQksMZ
;wfuoflZVh izsl] 2010
5. vkfFkZd losZ{k.k] tux.kuk foHkkx] jktLFkku ljdkj] 2011
6. Gunn CA (1994) Tourism Planning, New York: Routledge publication.
7. Jones, Michael. 1990. “Rural Tourism: Special Marketing for a
Special Place,” Rural Development News, Vol. 14, No. 4
8. King, D. A., and W. P. Stewart.
1996. “Ecotourism and Commodification: Protecting People and Places,” Biodiversity and Conservation, Vol. 5, No. 3 9. 'kekZ] n'kjFk] vyhZ pkSgku Mk;usLVht] i`-
380&383
10. ekFkqj] fot;sUnz dqekj] ,sfrgkfld LFkkukoyh] i`- 478
11. 'kekZ] xksihukFk] jktLFkku dk bfrgkl] i`- 154
12. xqIrk] eksguyky] jktLFkku ftysokj lkaLÑfrd ,oa ,sfrgkfld v/;;u] i`- 22&39
13. xqIrk vkSj vks>k] jktLFkku dk jktuSfrd ,oa lkaLÑfrd bfrgkl] 2010
14. flag] jk?kosUnz] ^jktLFkku ds izkphu uxj vkSj dLcs] 2010
15. ekFkqj] fot;sUnz dqekj] ^,sfrgkfld LFkkukoyh] 1998
