VOLUME: 07, Special Issue 07, Paper id-IJIERM-VII-VII, October 2020 25
çHkk [ksrku ds miU;klksa esa la?k"kZ'khy ukjh dqŒ fot;y{eh oekZ
usg: xzke Hkkjrh ekfur fo'ofo|ky;
dksVok] tequhiqj nqckoy] ç;kxjkt
Hkkjr ,d iq#"k ç/kku ns'k gS tgk¡ ij ukfj;ksa dks iq#"kksa dh vis{kk xkS.k :iksa esa ns[kk tkrk gSA iq#"k lekt us ukjh dks 'kfäghu]
detksj] vcyk Bgjkrs gq, mls vusd lkalkfjd fu;eksa ,oa ijEijkvksa ds cU/ku esa tdM+ fn;k gSA vkSj ukjh ij viuk iw.kZ vf/kdkj pkgrk gSA iq#"k oxZ ukfj;ksa dks vius v/khu ekurs gq, mlds lkFk vusd çdkj ds vR;kpkj ,oa f?kukSus vijk/k djrk vk;k gSA ijUrq orZeku dky esa ,slk ugha jgkA tc mUgsa pgj nhokjh ls ckj fudy dj f'kf{kr gksus dk volj çkIr gqvk] rc muesa Hkh vktknh ds ckn çkIr gq, laoS/kkfud lekukf/kdkjksa ds çfr tkx:drk vk;hA viuh fLFkfr ,oa vfLrRo dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy, ukfj;ksa us vFkd ç;kl fd;k] fdUrq fQj Hkh lekt esa ukjh dks og LFkku vHkh Hkh ugha fey ik;k tks feyuk pkfg,A bl iq#"k ç/kku ns'k esa vkt Hkh :g d¡ik nsus okyh vekuoh;
?kVuk,a fnu&çfrfnu lekpkj i=ksa o nwjn'kZu ds ek/;e ls gekjs lkeus vkrh jgrh gSa]
ftldks vatke iq#"k oxZ }kjk gh fn;k tkrk gSA tks iq#"kksa dh ik'kfod ço`fÙk ,oa ?kfV;k ekalfdrk dh lwpd gSaA vius çfr iq#"kksa }kjk fd;s x;s vekuoh; O;ogkj dks lgu u djds vk/kqfud ukjh ijEijkvksa ,oa ekU;rkvksa ds foijhr ,d ubZ HkkoHkwfe ij vius O;fäRo dk fuekZ.k djus ds fy, fujUrj la?k"kZ'khy gSA
ukjh la?k"kZ iq#"k oxZ ls u gksdj ml okrkj.k ,oa ?kfV;k laLdkjksa ls gS ftls vkt cnyus dh furkUr vko';drk gSA ftls cnyus ds fy, og fujUrj ç;Ru'khy fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSA f'k{kk dk çpkj&çlkj mPpLrj ij gksus ds dkj.k gh vkt dh f'kf{kr ukjh vius çxfr ds ekxZ dks Lo;a ryk'kus ,oa viuk fu.kZ; Lo;a ysus esa l{ke gks ik;h gSA ledkyhu efgyk ysf[kdkvksa esa çHkk [ksrku vius miU;klksa ds ek/;e ls ukjh dks LokoyEch cukrs gq, mlds vfLrRo dh
igpku djkdj u;s :iksa dks mHkkjus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA çHkk th lfn;ksa ls iq#"kksa dh xqykeh esa thou O;rhr djus okys ukjh lekt dks Lora= djuk pkgrh gSA muds miU;klksa esa la?k"kZ'khy ukjh ds Lo:i bl çdkj gSa&
vf'kf{kr ukjh ds la?k"kksaZ ds vUrxZr çkphudky ls gh vius f'k{kk tSls çeq[k vf/kdkjksa ls oafpr ukfj;ksa dk fp=.k çHkk th us ^fNUueLrk^ ^rkykcanh^] o ^ihyh vk¡/kh^ esa fd;k gSA ^fNUueLrk^ miU;kl esa nkbZ ek¡ ,d vf'kf{kr ukjh ik= ds :i esa fpf=r gSaA
^fç;k^ dks tUe rks ugha fn;k nkbZ ek¡ us ijUrq ikyk cgqr vjekuksa ds lkFkA cpiu ls gh fç;k dks ek¡&cki nksuksa dk Lusg nsus okyh nkbZ ek¡ ,d bZekunkj ,oa LokfHkekuh L=h gSa]
tks ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vuqdwy Lo;a dks <kyus esa leFkZ gSaA lkojey dh e`R;q ds i'pkr~ dLrwjh nsoh dks lykg nsrh gqbZ ?kj ds cPpksa rFkk vU; lnL;ksa dh lsok iwjh bZekunkjh ,oa fu"Bk ds lkFk djrh gSaA ysfdu fç;k dks NksM+dj
?kj dk dksbZ Hkh lnL; muds ckjs esa ugha lksaprk gSA
blh miU;kl dh nwljh ukjh ik=
dLrwjh nsoh Hkh ,d vf'kf{kr ukjh gSaA tks ifr dh e`R;q ds ckn var rd vius eku&lEeku dks cuk;s j[kuk pkgrh gSaA dLrwjh nsoh jksxxzLr gS tks 'kS¸;k ij iM+s gksus ij Hkh ifjokj ds çR;sd lnL; dks Lofoosd ls funsZf'kr djrh jgrh gSaA dLrwjh nsoh vf'kf{kr rFkk fo/kok L=h gSa] tks vusd la?k"kksaZ dks >syrs gq, vius ?kj] ifjokj vkSj lekt dks vPNh rjg laHkkyus esa leFkZ gSaA
blh çdkj ^rkykcanh^ miU;kl dh lqfe=k rFkk ^ihyh vk¡/kh^ dh in~ekorh]
fueyhckbZ] jk/kkckbZ vkfn vf'kf{kr ukfj;k¡
gksrs gq, lekt ds fu;eksa] ijEijkvksa ,oa va/kfo'oklksa esa tdM+h gSA ijUrq fQj Hkh os
VOLUME: 07, Special Issue 07, Paper id-IJIERM-VII-VII, October 2020 26
la?k"kZ'khy ,oa rRij jgrs gq, vius drZO;ksa dk fuoZgu bZekunkjh iwoZd djrh gSaA
?kjsyw ukfj;ksa ds la?k"kZ esa çHkk th us vius miU;klksa esa ekjokM+h lekt dh ?kjsyw ukfj;ksa dk :i mn~?kkfVr fd;k gSA ;s ukfj;k¡
pkgs i<+h&fy[kh gksa ;k vui<+] :f<+oknh ekU;rkvksa dks ekurs gq, ozr&miokl djuk]
xgus cuokuk] flykbZ&d<+kbZ djuk vkfn ds lkFk&lkFk ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dh ns[kHkky djrs gq, Hkh mls ifjokj esa vusd la?k"kksaZ dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA
^rkykcanh^ miU;kl dh ukjh ik=
lqfe=k mnkjeuk rFkk dksey Hkkoksa ls ;qä L=h gS tks vius ifr ';keckcw ls csgn I;kj djrh gSA og vusd ikfjokfjd la?k"kksaZ dk lkeuk djrh gqbZ viuh x`gLFkh lqpk# <ax ls pykrh gSA tks nwljksa dh lgk;rk ds fy, Hkh rRij jgrh gSA og dgrh gS&Þnsork tSls ifrA lc dqN rks Hkxoku us fn;k FkkA blfy, f'kdk;r D;ksa djsa\ vkSj fdlfy, eu esa ?ke.M yk;s\ HkkX; rks rHkh Qyrk gS] tc vkneh nwljksa dks Hkh lgkjk nsrk gSAÞ1 og ifr ds O;ogkj ls vUnj gh vUnj O;fFkr t:j gksrh gS ijUrq fdlh ls dqN dgrh ugh gSA lqfe=k vius thou esa ifr dh lykerh ds vkxs lksuk&pk¡nh] ghjk] eksrh vkfn dks dksbZ egRo ugha nsrh gSA og ifr ls dgrh gS fd&
Þth] esjs dks u rks ghjk pkfg, u bEiksVsaZl lkekuA Hkxoku ds fy, vkx ls er [ksfy,A dgha vkidk CyM çs'kj c<+ x;k vkSj dksbZ ckr gks xbZ rks ---AÞ2 lqfe=k esa ,sls Hkkjrh; ukjh ds xq.k gSa tks ifr ds I;kj ls oafpr jgrs gq, Hkh Lo;a dks ifr ij U;kSNkoj djrs gq, fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls lsok djrh gSA rFkk vkn'kZ iRuh gksus dk çek.k Hkh nsrh gSA
çHkk th us ^fNUueLrk^ esa dLrwjh nsoh dks ,d Hkkjrh; :f<+;ksa ,oa vU/kfo'koklksa ls xzflr ?kjsyw ukjh ds :i esa fpf=r fd;k gSA ftl ij mlds ifr lkaojey dks vfHkeku FkkA ifr dh vpkud e`R;q gks tkus ij dLrwjh nsoh 'kksd esa ugha Mwcrh cfYd 'ksjuh dh rjg ngkM+rs gq, gj dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk djrs gq, ifr ds dkjksckj dks laHkky ysrh gSaA rFkk vius ifjokj dks fc[kjus ugha nsrh gSaA dLrwjh dk ;g Lo:i ns[kdj nkbZ ek¡ dgrh gSa fd&Þvjs cgwth dk dystk ejn dk dystk
gSA cM+k ckcw th ds tkus ds ckn ,dkSA jkr ukgha Bhd ls lks ikor] ihj dgr jgr gS]
pesfy;k fd ek¡! eSa jksÅ¡xh rks esjs cPpksa dk D;k gksxk\ mudk cuk&cuk;k ?kj dSls fc[ksj nw¡\ß3 dLrwjh csVksa dks vf/kd egRo nsrh gS D;ksafd mldh fuxkg esa L=h gksuk xqukg gS]
ijrU=rk dk thou gSA ftldk ifj.kke fç;k dks Hkqxruk iM+rk gSA og viuh ek¡ ls dgrh gS fd&ÞL=h gksuk ek= vEek dh utj esa iki gS] ,d ghu fLFkfr gS] xqykeksa dk tRFkk gS tks fcuk ekfyd ds th ugha ik;sxkAß4 ifr dh e`R;q ds ckn dLrwjh esa ghu Hkkouk vk tkrh gSA fQj Hkh og fu%LokFkZ Hkko ls vius ifjokj dh vku&cku&'kku cuk;s j[kus esa lQy gksrh gSA tks mlds dBksj LoHkko ,oa la?k"kZ 'khyrk dk çek.k nsrs gSaA
^ihyh vk¡/kh^ miU;kl dh ukjh ik=
in~ekorh vui<+ t:j Fkh ijUrq lqUnj vkSj O;ogkj dq'ky FkhA xjhch dh otg ls mldk fookg mldh nwuh mez ds ifr ek/kksckcw ls dj fn;k tkrk gS fQj Hkh og vius&vki ls le>kSrk djrs gq, ifr lsok dks viuk /kje eku ysrh gSA gfj—".k jk; us dgk gS fd&
Þlrq".k dkeuk ls rM+i mBus okyh in~ekorh vuesy fookg vkSj fQj oS/kO; ls vfHkf'kIr osnh ij ml i'kq dh rjg NViVkrh gS]
ftldk flj iwjh rjg /kM+ ls tqM+k u gqvk gksA gtkjks o"kksZ ls inP;qr innfyr] vR;kpkj ls ihfM+r fL=;ksa dh ;gh foMEcuk gSAß5 in~ekorh fu%lUrku gS ijUrq vius nsoj ds yM+dksa dks vius cPps dh rjg ikyk gS muesa dHkh ijk;siu dh >yd Hkh ugha vkus nsrh gSA ijUrq yM+dksa ds O;ogkj esa og ijk;kiu
>yd gh tkrk gSA in~ekorh ifr dh e`R;q ds ckn vk/ks fgLls dh ekyfdu t:j gS ijUrq vc mls nq%[k gh nq%[k fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA vkSj dgrh gS fd&ÞD;k iM+k gS lalkj esa\ nq%[k gh nq%[k gSAß6
bl çdkj çHkk th us lqf=ek] dLrwjh nsoh] in~ekorh] fueyhckbZ tSlh ukjh ik=ksa ds ek/;e ls Hkkjrh; lekt esa ?kjsyw fL=;ksa dh leL;kvksa ,oa mu leL;kvksa ls mcjus ds fy, mudh fujUrj ç;Ru'khyrk dks vafdr fd;k gSA
f'kf{kr ukfj;ksa ds la?k"kksaZ ds vUrxZr oSfnd dky esa ukfj;ksa dh 'kSf{kd fLFkfr
VOLUME: 07, Special Issue 07, Paper id-IJIERM-VII-VII, October 2020 27
mPpdksfV dh FkhA vikyk] ?kks"kk] xkxhZ tSlh egku fonqf"k;k¡ gqvk djrh FkhaA ijUrq e/;dky vkrs&vkrs fL=;ksa dh 'kSf{kd LFkfr fnu çfrfnu n;uh; gksrh x;hA ;gk¡ rd mls f'k{kk ls oafpr dj iq#"kksa dh psjh cukdj pgj nhokjh ds vanj dSn dj fn;k x;kA ftlls og mlh ifjos'k esa <+ydj vius vf/kdkjksa ds çfr fuf"Ø; gksrh pyh xbZA ijUrq cnyrs le; ds lkFk&lkFk vkt ds vk/kqfud ;qx dh ukfj;k¡ f'k{kk çkIr dj vius vf/kdkj ,oa gd dks ikus ds fy, vius lkFk gksus okys vR;kpkj ,oa vU;k;ksa dk gVdj fojks/k djrh gqbZ utj vkrh gSA vkt dh f'kf{kr ukfj;k¡ pkgs O;olk; {ks= gks vFkok ukSdjh o vU; {ks= esa dke djrh gks ogk¡ Hkh mUgsa vusd la?k"kksZ dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA ijUrq og ihNs u gVdj la?k"kZ djrs gq, MVdj mldk fojks/k djrh gSaA
çHkk [ksrku th us vius miU;klksa esa
^vkvks isis ?kj pysa^ dh çHkk ^rkykcanh^ dh jsok] ^fNUueLrk^ dh fç;k ^vius&vius psgjs^
dh jek] ^ihyh vk¡/kh^ dh lksek] ^L=hi{k^ dh o`ank vkfn f'kf{kr ukjh ik=ksa }kjk lekt esa f'kf{kr ukfj;ksa ds la?k"kZ dks fn[kkus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA
^vkvks isis ?kj pysa^ esa çHkk ,d f'kf{kr ukjh ik= gS tks fdlh dh xqykeh esa thou u O;rhr dj Lora= thou thuk pkgrh gSA blh ifjçs{; esa og vesfjdk tkrh gSA ogk¡ ij çHkk dks ikVZ Vkbe ukSdjh ds lkFk&lkFk C;wVh Fksjkih fMIyksek dk dkslZ le; dbZ la?k"kksZ dk lkeuk djrs gq, dke;kch g‚fly gksrh gSA bl lEiw.kZ miU;kl esa çHkk fujUrj la?k"kZjr jgus okyh ukjh ik=
gSA blds i'pkr~ ,fytk] ejhy] dSFkjhu]
vkbfyu] Dykjk czkmu Hkh blh miU;kl dh f'kf{kr ukjh ik= gSa] tks thou esa vusd la?k"kksZ dks >syrs gq, vkxs c<+h gSA
^rkykcanh^ dh jsok ,d f'kf{kr ,oa vkRefuHkZj ukjh ik= gSA tks çkbejh Ldwy esa v/;kfidk ds in ij dk;Z'khy gksrs gq, thou&fuokZg djrh gSA jsok vius lgh&xyr dk QSlyk Lo;a ysus esa l{ke gS ftldk çek.k mldh bu ckrksa ls fey tkrk gS&Þ;g rks vkidks igys lkspuk pkfg, Fkk] ';ke ckcw
loZuk'k djds vc ekre eukus vk;s gSa]
okg!ß7
^fNUueLrk^ miU;kl dh fç;k iwjs miU;kl esa vkjEHk ls ysdj var rd misf{kr]
'kksf"kr ,oa nfer thou O;rhr djrh gSA cpiu ls çrkfM+r gksrs jgus ds dkj.k gh og foæksgh cu tkrh gSA fookg ds i'pkr~ ifr ujsUæ ds vgadkjh ço`fÙk ls rax vkdj og vdsys thou O;rhr djus dk QSlyk djrh gSA og ifr ls dgrh gS fd&ÞujsUæ] eSa O;olk; #i;s ds fy, ugha dj jghA gk¡] pkj lky igys tc eSaus igys&igy dke 'kq:
fd;k Fkk] eq>s #i;ksa dh t:jr FkhA ij vkt esjk O;olk; esjh vkbMsafVVh gSA ;g vk, fnu fons'kksa dh mM+ku --- ;g esjh ftanxh ds dSuokl dks cM+k djrh gSA fuR; u, yksxksa ls feyuk&tqyuk thou ds dk;Z&txr dks le>ukA eq>s ftanxh mís'; ghu ugha yxrhAß8 fç;k esa vnE; lkgl gS] ftlds ne ij og vusd O;o/kkuksa dks >sydj vkt bl eqdke ij igq¡ph gSA blds vfrfjä uhuk]
tqM+h] ljkst] jhrw] iszek] lksek] yrk] fp=k] o`ank vkfn ,slh lqf'kf{kr ukjh ik= gSa] ftudk thou la?k"kksaZ ls Hkjk gSA
Je'khy ¼etnwjh½ ukfj;ksa ds la?k"kksaZ dks çHkk th us vius miU;klksa esa ukjh Je 'kks"k.k ds :i esa mtkxj fd;k gSA ^vkvks isis
?kj pysa^ miU;kl esa çHkk] ejhy ds v/khu dke djrh gSA ejhy] çHkk dks vfrfjä dke nsrh gS] og jkr&jkr Hkj tkxdj dke iwjk djrh gS] ijUrq çHkk dks eghus ds 20 M‚yj gh feyrs gSaA fQj Hkh og dqN u dgrs gq, vius çfr gks jgs 'kks"k.k dks lgrh gSA ^vfXulaHkok^
miU;kl dh vkboh ,d ifjJeh efgyk gS] tks peM+s dh QSDVªh esa dke djrh gS tgk¡ ij mls pkyhl&ipkl M‚yj gh feyrs Fks ftlesa mldk rFkk mlds ifjokj dk [kpZ iwjk ugh gksrk FkkA dbZ ckj mlus vkB ?k.Vs MîwVh djus ds ckn vksoj VkbZe Hkh dke fd;k ijUrq osru ?kVkdj gh feyrkA flykbZ&d<+kbZ djrs gq, VSDlh Mªkboj Hkh curh gSA og vius /kS;Z]
lkgl ,oa vkRefo'okl ds cy ij czkap eSustj Hkh cu tkrh gSA bl çdkj oSf'od /kjkry ij vusd la?k"kksZ dks >syrh gqbZ vkboh ,d fnu lQy ukjh ds :i esa mHkjrh gSA
^ihyh vk¡/kh^ esa ikiM+ csyus okyh efgykvksa dks
VOLUME: 07, Special Issue 07, Paper id-IJIERM-VII-VII, October 2020 28
yksbZ fxudj nh tkrh FkhA ;fn xyrh ls ,d lkFk nks ikiM+ csy fn;s tkrs rks mudh etnwjh dkV yh tkrh ftlls os iwjk fnu xehZ esa [kVdj vius ifjokj dk Hkj.k&iks"k.k djrh FkhaA
ukjh leL;k dks vius miU;klksa dk vk/kkj cukus okyh çHkk [ksrku th dk ledkyhu efgyk ysf[kdkvksa esa egRoiw.kZ LFkku jgk gSA mUgksaus vius lkfgR; esa ukjh ds vusd la?k"kZ'khy :iksa dks vafdr fd;k gSA vkt dh ukjh vius çR;sd :iksa esa ijEijkxr tdM+u dks rksM+dj vius la?k"kZ ds cy ij O;fäRo fuekZ.k djus esa rRij fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSA bl çdkj çHkk th us dsoy Hkkjr esa gh ukjh leL;k ij çdk'k ugha Mkyk gS cfYd oSf'od /kjkry ij gksus okyh 'kks"kd oxZ }kjk 'kksf"kr oxZ dh leL;kvksa ds ;FkkFkZ :i dks mtkxj fd;k gSA
lUnHkZ&lwph
1- rkykcanh] çHkk [ksrku] i`Œ 28 2- ogh] i`Œ 55
3- fNUueLrk] çHkk [ksrku] i`Œ 37 4- ogh] i`Œ 38
5- [kkeks'k dchys dh eq[kj psruk] gfj—".k jk;]
okxkFkZ&twu 1998] i`Œ 108 6- ihyh vk¡/kh] çHkk [ksrku] i`Œ 133 7- rkykcanh] çHkk [ksrku] i`Œ 99 8- fNUueLrk] çHkk [ksrku] i`Œ 10
