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VOLUME: 07, Issue 07, Paper id-IJIERM-VII-VII, September 2020

84

(Tattoo)

(Polynesian word) „Tatau‟(2)

(Striking Something)

(Diverse)

(tattoos are created by inserting colouredmaterial beneath the skin surface)(3)

(Cut)

(Otzi The FrozenIceman) (4a)

(4b)

(2)

VOLUME: 07, Issue 07, Paper id-IJIERM-VII-VII, September 2020

85

(5a)

Totam

“An animal plant that is thought to have a special spiritual connection with a particular trible specially in north America or a figure made to look like animal.”(7)

Totem pole- “A pole wooden pole

with one or more toteam cut or engraved

(3)

VOLUME: 07, Issue 07, Paper id-IJIERM-VII-VII, September 2020

86

(8)

(4)

VOLUME: 07, Issue 07, Paper id-IJIERM-VII-VII, September 2020

87 (Totem)

(Cave painting)

(El Castillo cave in Cantabria, Spain)

(Castillo in Northern Spain)

(14a)

(14b)

(Chauvet cave) (15)

(16)

(5)

VOLUME: 07, Issue 07, Paper id-IJIERM-VII-VII, September 2020

88

(23)

Park,South Africa)

(24a)

(24b)

(25)

(Laas

Geel Cave) (Hurgeisa)

(26)

(27) (Tissili N ajjer)

(28)

B.C.E.

(Akakus)

(Herak settafet and Tedraut) (Ayr)

(Niger) (Tibesti)

(Chad).(29)

(6)

VOLUME: 07, Issue 07, Paper id-IJIERM-VII-VII, September 2020

89

(Chumas)

(Nide Guiden)

(Saorai Mudo Nonato) (32)

(TambanPairak) (33)

(Niah)

(Padah-lin Caves)

(34)

(7)

VOLUME: 07, Issue 07, Paper id-IJIERM-VII-VII, September 2020

90

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VOLUME: 07, Issue 07, Paper id-IJIERM-VII-VII, September 2020

91 REFERENCE

1. WWW.trdi. mp.gov.in/introduetion.asp 2. Deter Wolf. Aaron; Robitaille, Benoit; Krutak,

lars; Sebastian (February2016) The World's oldest Tattoo's Journal of Archaeological Science Reports, P-19 to 24

3. WWW.upi.com/ Scientists- find Worlds- oldest-

Figural tattoos -on-

Egyptianmummies/3971519909210/

4. Bonani, Georges, Ivy, susan D; etal.(1994).

"AMSC age Determination of Tissue, bone and grass samples from otzal ice man' Radiocarbon. The Department of Geosciences, the University of Arizona p-247-250.

5. The 61 Tattoos of Otzi, the 5,300- year- old

"iceman" Website =

www.smithsonianmag.com/ smart- news/61- tattoos-otzi - 5300-year-old-iceman- 190954035/

6.

" ”

' ' - p-

40 7.

" "

' '-

p-42 8.

" "

' '- p-

44

9. Internet =

www.google.co.in/amp/s/www.ldoceonline.co m/amp/english/ totem

10. Internet =

www.google.co.in/amp/s/www.ldoceonline.co m/amp/english/ totem- pole

11. Levi-\Strauss, Claude; Needham; Rodney (trans); "Totemism" "(le Totemisme Aujourdhui English)''; Merlin press, London:

1964

12. htttps://totemic.askdefine.com

13. Jenkins, A., "The Social Theory of Claude Levi- Strauss", Springer, 17-jun-1979, p-97 14. Aldred, Lisa," Plastic Shamans and Astroturf

sun Dances: New Age Commercialization of Native American Spirituality" in: The American Indian Quarterly 24.3 (2000) pp.329-352. Lincoln: University of Nebraska press.

15. Internet = www.draconem.net/dragon-totem- power/

16. Kramer, Pat; "Alaska's Totem poles" Graphic Arts Books, 15-Nov-2012

17. Amos, Jonathan ( June 14,2012) " Red dot becomes oldest cave art" BBC News Archived from the original on 2012-06-15 Retrieved 15 June 2012 " one motif-a faint red dot is said to be more than 40000 years old"

18. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2 012/06/120614-neanderthal-cave-paintings- spain-science-pike/

19. Curtis, Gregory; "The cave painters: probing the mysteries of the world's first Artists";

Anchor Book, Newyork, 2006,

20. Clottes, Jean;" Chauvet cave: "The Art of Earliest Times" University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, 2003

21. Masters, Emma (May31, 2010) "Mega fauna Cave Painting could be 40000 Years old"

Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) Retrieved 30 December 2012 by Wikipedia.

22. Internet=https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/hu nting-magic

23. CTI Reviews; "Facts101"; Cram101 Textbook Reviews, 02-oct-2016; p-1

24. Lewis-Williams, James David; " Three- dimensional puzzles: Southern African and upper Paleolithic rock Art"; Ethnos, 2002,p- 251

25. Lewis-Williams, James David and challis, Sam; " Deciphering ancient minds: the mystery of san Bushman rock art."; Thames

& Hudson, London; 2011

26. Guthrie, R. Dale;"The Nature of Paleolithic Art"; the University of Chicago Press, 2005 27. "Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka: Continuity

through Antiquity, Art & Environment"

Archaeological survey of India, UNESCO, p- 15 to 16, p-22 to 23, p-45,p-54 to 60 28. Internet= http;/www.sa-venues.com/unesco-

site-ukhahlamba-drakens berg.html 29. Jar off, Leon (1997-06-02)''Etched in stone'' 30. Mason, john, ''Apollo11 cave in southwest

Namibia: some observations' on the site and its Roke art''the South African Archaeological bulletin'vol.61, no.183, 183, June 2006, PP.76-89

31. ''The journal of African Archeology volume 1.2'', 2003, chapter3.

32. Bakano, Otto; ''Grotto galleries show early Somali life ''AFP; April 24, 2011

33. ''Tassili N' Ajjer (Algeria)''; African world heritage sites.org, Retrieved February 7, 2017 by Wikipedia

34. Scheffel, Richard L; Wernet ,Susan j.,eds.(1980); "Natural Wonders of the World";

United States of America: Reader's Digest Association , Inc. pp.371-372.

35. "African rock art image project": British Museum. Retrieved 2015-12-08 by Wikipedia 36. "Debate over 7,000-year-old rock art in barren Sahara Deseret that may depict people swimming Ancient Origins. Retrieved 2015- 12-08 by Wikipedia

37. Indigenas Argentinos, ISBN 1987- 9479-10- 637

38. Internet = Tanbunrockart.com/tambun-rock- art.html

39. Thaw, Aung; "The Neolithic" culture of Pabah- Lin caves" Journal of Burma Research Society; 1969, 52(1): p-9to23

40. Internet

www.bradshawfoundation.com/india/central- india/history_india_rock_art.php

41. Hewitt, Kim;”Mutilating the Body: Identity in Blood and Ink.”: chapter-Marks of Deviance;

Popular Press‟1997;P-69.

42. Internet =

http://blogs.ucl.ac.uk/researchers-in- museums/2013/05/27/the-tragic-tale-of- prince-giolo/

Referensi