Vol. 03, Issue 03, March 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE AN ANALYSIS ON GEOGRAPHY: EYES OF GEOGRAPHERS IN INDIA
Dr. Jitendar Kumar Negi
Raath Mahavidyalaya Paithani Pauri Garhwal Uttarakhand
Abstract: Geology Likewise a discipline, over India, need the foundations done British legacy its showing at school level will be obviously a post universe war off chance. The most recent nine decades have seen progress for content, philosophy, methodology, picture and recognition regarding geology. Those procedures from claiming liberalization, privatization Also globalization bring left it’s engrave on the individual to-individual for geology its identity, picture and significance would being debated during Different gathering. In the keep going 24 A long time since nagi need made its manifestation there need aid harshly around 15 presidential addresses keeping tabs with respect to significance of the subject, its part over settling on of the society, territory of qualities Shortcomings and part of geographers in the country building try. Inside this foundation reason for the paper may be not should assess anyone’s insightful commitment in the field for geology Anyway should highlight and critically analyze those evolving sees of the geographers of two generations;
those you quit offering on that one focusing with respect to contents, routines and strategies and the different demonstrating worries around identity, picture Also space of the order in the academic reality.
Keywords: discipline, content, philosophy, methodology, image, perception, identity, NAGI.
1. INTRODUCTION
Geology is the field from claiming information which identifies with those fleeting spatial extents of the forms and example that shape those Earth’s surface.
Verifiable in it is the routes clinched alongside which different frameworks connect over time, transforming specific landscapes in specific spots. Mamoncillo need been cooperating for surroundings good from those early stage about mankind's civilization and its spatial outflow need been those central subject for geographers. A scrutiny about Sanskrit writing (Vedas, Upanishads, Smritis, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Meghdoot, Abhigyan Shakuntalam and a significant number others) uncovers that geology Concerning illustration an idea need been clinched alongside presence since old times.
These literatures hold numerous delightful geographic depictions of spot (region) phenomena (mannature cooperative relationship) which still manifestation that establishment base from claiming geology. The exact computation of the circumduction of the world and the settlements from claiming surya Sidhhanta Aryabhatt are those confirmations of the propelled state for geology Also. Iatrochemistry in the particular nation. Taking a gander at such authentic measurement from claiming man-environment relationship
Malviya (1956) rightly remarked that antiquated hermits Also sages Might be termed similarly as the geographers from claiming old India. Professionals about geology need been basically worried to utilize it concerning illustration an instrument will measure, collect, sort out Furthermore record the geological Realities for india since British the long run.
Review for India might have been secured over 1767 for a goal about get ready maps and giving more terrific subtle elements for asset availability, potentiality connectivity with that global business sector. Looking for precision for placing measuring those land, the surveyors foreign instruments like plane table (1793), prismatic compass (1815) and theodolite (1819) starting with their country Anyway no Indians were Possibly prepared alternately included in this vast wander. In the same vein A large number other divisions with an objective for assessing the country’s asset possibility were set up yet all the geography’s instruction Furthermore preparing never got needed consideration despite the truth that information Comprehension for neighborhood geology may be fundamental element for whatever such try.
However, geology Likewise a teach on India will be main around hundred quite some time of age at first acquainted
Vol. 03, Issue 03, March 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE in the class level in the last quarter about
nineteenth century later on during those school and school level. It took around 75 a considerable length of time should set up a Branch of geology since the To begin with geology went under presence done india despite its connected value, vicinity to european Europe, hypothetical orders had more distinction than difficult work, and speculative chemistry was and foundation about Indian colleges.
Such delay speaks over the venture protective medication straight from the precise starting may be at present proceeding on particular case manifestation or the other; at some point starting with inside Now and again starting with outside those order. In the long run compass for short of what 100 a considerable length of time geology as a teach need seen monstrous progress done its contents, procedure Also logic there is An shift from qualitative on quantitative approach Also starting with traditional cartography should workstation helped cartography, remote sensing Furthermore GIS under those direction Furthermore administration about foreign, indigenous Also american european prepared geographers.
There need been an progress in the observation from claiming working on proficient geographers around the teach which have been reflected through writings, examinations or Indeed Throughout their gossiping. Such recognitions extent from ‘geography Similarly as An mothball about every last bit sciences’ should ‘geography setting off of the damnation (gadhha))’ and a significant number different metaphors.
Such recognitions bring instigated me on scholastically analyze those topic that how our of age Also new era geographers need aid taking a gander at those teach which is method for vocation for the vast majority of them entryway their perspectives need transformed.
For this background, those paper plans toward highlighting those sees Also worries communicated expert and practicing geographers in the A six decades on the academic and perceptual parts. Reason for the paper may be not with assess those geographic commitment for our senior geographers alternately with be judgmental alternately on thought of A percentage closing comments rather
it tries with set the see from claiming geographers Likewise they observed geology Likewise a discipline.
2. VIEW ON GEOGRAPHY TEACHING, TRAINING AND RESEARCH
Geology Similarly as a free teaches at those higher training level began in the initial twenties of twentieth century. From that point forward there need been consistent progress for its content, logic and procedure concerning illustration an outcome for evolving paradigms which need been pushed Furthermore stressed during diverse fore in distinctive manifestations.
The to start with arresting exert in this bearing might have been over Aligarh Muslim college (Jan. 1956) the place a global class might have been sorted out Toward the Branch from claiming geology.
That initial session of the workshop might have been focused around issues Also requirements of geology educating support. That class unequivocally acknowledged a movement starting with accepted wills up to date methodology.
‘Mere count about Realities over their successive request could need been the extent from claiming geology in the past, Be that as Likewise geology will be caught on us, it comprehends every last one of sciences, opens all vistas embraces the sum learning and is basically dependent upon those union of the watched Also analyzed Realities of the landscape- humanized or characteristic in connection to mamoncillo.
These Realities need aid dissected, analyzed associated on acquire an examination of the scene done its aggregate which makes it notable identity unique in relation to others (Alam-1956). ’ Sircar (1956) in the same class really absolutely spelt crazy three means which whatever discipline will be expected should satisfy. In it educates the individuals with their surroundings and nature's domain. Second, it prepares mamoncillo for certain particular calling.
Third, it prepares masters On Different extensions for geology that might development the geological learning occurring in colleges. Whatever examination for geology Likewise discipline necessities on make inspected in this connection On account extreme frisbee it will be work good fortune which
Vol. 03, Issue 03, March 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE attracts understudies towards any
subject. Those UGC set up Initially Audit council clinched alongside geology in 1965, with teacher encountered with
urban decay because of
deindustrialization, engineering imagined, government lodging.
P. Chatterjee Concerning illustration pilot. That council constructed a basic examination about geology syllabi taught clinched alongside Indian colleges Furthermore schools at post-graduate and under-graduate levels, analyzed those existing offices to educating research Furthermore prescribed presenting field preparing done geology Furthermore change to examination framework. Those second Audit Committee, designated clinched alongside 1986 under the chairmanship of Prof. G. Encountered with urban decay because of deindustrialization, innovation developed, government lodging.
Gosal for a destination with modernize Furthermore rebuild the educational program in the light about further developments in the learning and the compelling reason of the time, settled on specific proposals like presenting semester framework about showing Also credit framework about assessment and home assignments, rundown for books Furthermore diaries will be consulted, rundown from claiming gears to geology labs Furthermore prologue from claiming
‘refresher’ courses for the educators should overhaul and upgrade their information for compelling educating support about new course-contents.
In 1999, the u. G. C. Delegated a board about masters which analyzed the course-contents for thirty universities;
reviewed the existing academic Furthermore base offices and prescribed Furthermore created a model Curriculum at the UG PG level similarly as for every prerequisite of the long run.
3. GEOGRAPHY TEACHING
In the most recent five decades those educating support from claiming geology Similarly as An discipline need seen a moderate At gradual movement clinched alongside its contents, procedure logic.
There need been An shift starting with qualitative on quantitative methodology , starting with accepted cartography should machine helped cartography, starting
with optical-manual to advanced engineering driven remote sensing Furthermore GIS under those direction and initiative from claiming indigenous Also american european prepared geographers.
That illness from which Indian geology may be torment is principally brought about those distortions of the british Furthermore american geographies that were foreign by those Indian geographers prepared done two diverse customs which were distinctive in the methodologies and methodologies from the place Indian geographers have accepted preparation. Gosal(1980) states that physical topography is torment from outlandish disregard both in showing and Look into. That educational program for physical topography needs to make wide based honed something like that that it might provide a thorough Comprehension of the physical asset base.
A Comprehension of the totality of the nature may be important to creating heartless routines about examination Also union over geology. Misra(1983) need a blended feeling something like the state from claiming geology educating support for india. Hestates that geology to India off with solid physical base Also mossy cup oak of the afterward geographers were starting with geology alternately material science foundation. At with a shift starting with physical base will monetary build the physical topography began confronting the issue from claiming minimization for India. Consequently, Indian geographers neglected on help considerably clinched alongside seeing Furthermore fathoming those Ecological issues in sixties because of those disregard of physical topography.
The educational module may be intensely tilted towards human geology and the idea of economic, social, social Furthermore mental mamoncillo figures prominently in the theoretical schema about mankind's geology. Arunachalam (1990) to as much nagi presidential address opined that since freedom (1947), a distinguishable vigor for growth, both on numerical quality for broadening for specialization need been seen toward that school level be that as class geology stays over miserable shambles. Those mechanical educating on a sterile, unoriginal furthermore uninteresting way
Vol. 03, Issue 03, March 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE need brought with geology the interesting
refinement of the practically despised subject in the class educational program.
The college educating support may be totally delinked starting with class geology also there may be water tight compartmentalization. As respects of the school level geology educating support he comments that no different college teach is so straightforwardly worried Also identified with its neighborhood territorial earth Also scene Similarly as geology will be. Yet all our courses are predisposition in the support about western ideas Furthermore models and the dependence around remote books will be overwhelming. There may be a compelling reason will indianite those substance furthermore perusing assets.
Dayal (1994) infers for reorienting the span should incorporate.
A greater amount of physical topography on fare thee well of the developing mindfulness something like the characteristic surroundings Also its supportability. The idea about biological community and eco improvement and the solidarity of the framework of interdependencies through the component for associations between social mamoncillo and non-human way and the developing acknowledgment that those mamoncillo must figure out should live in agreement for nature, calls for another viewpoint and another understanding of the intricate Also dynamic surroundings in the sake of incorporated physical topography needs to be developed which might consider nature's domain and the spatial component for it.
Though such a venture is not made up, those physical topography might stop to a chance to be an coordinated and only geological investigations. He also focuses on that india gives a rich materials to those ponder about chronicled geology Subsequently it necessities stimulus to those advancement about tourism and broad fact that An authentic alternately developmental approach in the ponder from claiming mankind's issues.
Concepts and methods;
Evolution of geographical thought from Humboldt and Ritter to 1970
and Post seventy developments.
Ironically he is silent over evolution of Indian geographical thought which have been explicitly spelt out by Arunachalam(1990) in the following words: “ Do we have Indian school of thought, evolved under the impact of cumulative experiences and observations over centuries?....
The history and evolution of Indian geographical thought is an unexplored frontier inviting challenges.”
Dubey (1967) tried to emphasize the geographical concepts in ancient India but his work focuses more on astronomical phenomena, location of natural bodies and architectural symbolism and forms but the sense of cultural astronomy and cultural geography and corresponding scientific investigation is out of touch (Singh-1992).
Singh has tried to see the Indian geography from indigenous eyes focusing mainly on religious symbolism, sacred ecology and eco-psychology and trying to look into the geographical themes from ethical and cultural viewpoint which is susceptible to criticism and appreciation both. Geography is a field science and ‘it is learnt by foot”, was a popular expression of Professor VLS Prakasa Rao in the classroom, implying the importance and relevance of field work in geography (Nagia-2001).
Fieldwork has always been complementary to instrumental surveys or class room input. Hence its purpose should be making students familiar with the areas which have been taught in class room. It should not be taken as an outing or sight-seeing tour. Before going for such fieldwork, homework at the level of teacher and students are required regarding what will be the theme, how to enquire/ investigate and document and how to present them in report. But the way field work is carried out lose its academic temperament. Mukerji’s statement in this context is worth mentioning “Indian geography is suffering from malnutrition created by the lack of field work. It is marginal, weak and sometimes non-existent”.
4. GEOGRAPHICAL TRAINING
Preparation might make comprehended Likewise a wanted transform pointing towards learning input, ability improvement Furthermore transform over
Vol. 03, Issue 03, March 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE state of mind for those purpose of better
execution. Preparing for geology instructors includes a great part obligation. Future status from claiming geology is generally controlled by the viability ability with which it is taught in the population room nature's domain.
At Shockingly preparing On geology to india may be not thorough or deliberate due to a few motivations similar to secondary teacher-student proportion which hinders those ability advancement process, poor framework Furthermore lesquerella dedication of the instructors scholars both prompting further downgrading of nature of instructor's testament. These poorly prepared scholars when join the educating group keeping take after the same way. Truth be told school and college level educating support will be the main calling for India for which there may be no formal preparation during the entrance perspective.
To such case, a recently selected teacher, advancing starting with separate academic and investigate background, setting off for delivering address may be not whatsoever worried for the passage self-destructive considerations and conduct of the students, shockingly not Indeed going mindful of the substance with make secured Also normally talks something like what he need learnt alternately ready to himself. In this kind of teaching-learning surroundings the principle reason for existing is to infuse the data prompting data diorreahia.
Though whatsoever whatever sort from claiming such preparing will be obliged it goes in the manifestation from claiming introduction or refresher courses supported by those college grants requisition Furthermore sorted out those Academic staff universities.
Be that as there may be no particular module for such courses, scarcely at whatever consideration will be paid of the ability advancement perspective also it remainsnly information. Indian foundation about remote Sensing, Dehra Dun organizes eight weeks preparation programme ahead remote sensing and GIS to those educating employees about Europe, hypothetical orders had more distinction than difficult work, and speculative chemistry was and universities for a
perspective should aggravate them mindful over the new innovation organization.
A percentage preparation programmes are sorted out NATMO, kolkata around installment premise which concentrates ahead map settling on for those help for remote sensing GIS innovation. It is high tide that the national affiliation from claiming Geographers, india and the college grants requisition ought work together will create An normal three months module for incitement span toward the passage level and the parts of the module ought to bring Emulating components:-
Philosophical and Methodological Base:
introduction to geography as field of study, its evolution as a discipline and its place in the arena of natural sciences and social sciences, debates and dualism.
Data Collection and Analysis:
data sources, data collection and tabulation, analysis and interpretation using different cartographic/statistical techniques and use of computer using Excel and SPSS software’s.
Thematic study: focusing on selected branches of geography (like physical geography, human geography, regional geography and remote sensing and GIS) with focus on concerned methods and techniques.
Contemporary issues and its geographic implications. The Government should constitute a working group for the need assessment and module development.
5. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH
Look into will be a constant and tenacious methodology about enquiry and finding. It is a try with find educated support furthermore useful replies to issues through the provision from claiming current ideas experimental systems. It is a vital element to that survival, improvement Advance from claiming at whatever teaches. Status from claiming any discipline can be evaluated on the foundation of nature for papers distributed on diaries Furthermore books.
Vol. 03, Issue 03, March 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE Future for at whatever teaches relies not
upon that amount yet the personal satisfaction from claiming exploration.
Gill (2003) opines something like the surge about Examine to geology clinched alongside india Throughout the post-1950 period due to elements such as entrance for amount for outside prepared geographers done Different colleges which guaranteed caliber Scrutinize product, prologue about post graduate educating clinched alongside a lot of people colleges Furthermore schools of the nat and acceleration in the pace of research yield.
However, The point when those examination yield is place will a close scrutiny, it gets to be clear that our geographic research will be encountered for an arrangement about theoretical, applied methodological shortcomings.
Person imperative inadequacy from claiming geological Scrutinize may be “our propensity with seek after those liable without captivating ourselves with respect to inquiries in regards to its soul and purpose” (Dikshit-1991). Geographic Look into directed On such An vacuum need aid bound will miss the mark of their targets. The purpose behind such kind from claiming research is those accessibility of information which go about as impulse in this respect Furthermore serves in distributed investigate papers alternately books (Mukerji- 1991).
Singh Furthermore Prasad(1956) same time examining on the content Furthermore system for geology expressed that ‘geography scholars would torment starting with spoon bolstering syndrome of the degree that they fizzle should do autonomous exploration fill in Indeed following their post graduation’. Gosal (1980) comments that we must settle on utilization of every last one of optional information accessible to us yet the same time we ought further bolstering not avoid those compelling reason about supplementing it for essential majority of the data gathered from the field.
Obviously the routines of field work must be developed in line for the way target for our teach along these lines that we have the capacity to obviously comprehend the progressive association of the phenomena over space. Misra(1983) communicates as much worries on the nature and caliber for Examine constantly
conveyed out in major Indian colleges and schedules out the answerable elements.
There need been a developing inclination should apply outside models of the Indian setting whose connection may be exceptional and in that capacity the procedure constructs must a chance to be approved over a Indian edge of reference with the goal that the elucidation might bear a sense of authenticity Also importance for arranging Furthermore arrangement.
Raza’s assumption in the connection of improvement Also Examine in the light from claiming geology is Verwoerd critical.
He states ‘We need paid a overwhelming cost to ignoring the spatial size of the advancement procedure. It will be the assignment about geological research in then at on centering consideration once this.
6. VIEWS ON IDENTITY, IMAGE AND SPACE OF GEOGRAPHY
A cursory glance of literature available on the state of geography in India reveals that our relatively older generation geographers were concerned more with the issues like what is being taught (contents), how is it being taught (philosophy and methodology), what are the techniques used in geographical studies, how the researches are being carried on and what are the infrastructure and resources available in imparting geography education at school level and higher education level. Worth mentioning names in this context are Prakasa Rao, Dayal, Arunachalam, Reddy, Mukerji, Misra, Dikshit, Gill and many others.
Advent of 21st century witnessed a new dimension in the facets of geography.
Professional geographers in the post modern age started talking about the identity and image of the discipline and the space it occupies in academic world.
These issues are basically the issues of survival as it determines the identity and image of the professionals who are working in the field. The issue of identity and space of geography is related to the degree to which it helps the society in resolving its problem and the position held by its practitioners in intellectual circles, government set up and policy and planning bodies.
Vol. 03, Issue 03, March 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE The image of geography as a social
science/humanities or natural science seems to be an endless story and has been discussed without any outcome.
Dikshit (2001) has listed out the reasons responsible for isolation of geography in the academic discourse. In 2004 issue of Economic and Political Weekly, Kapur wrote an article “Geography in India: A languishing Social Science” which revolved round the theme that why geography is not recognized by social scientists, why it is sidetracked and ignored. She raises several questions like Is it that other social sciences have a blurred perception of geography? Is it the absence of geographers from social science institutes?
Or is it that geographers could not establish their credentials as social scientists? Reacting to the views of Kapur, Dutt (2005) states that instead of asking such questions from others it is high time to introspect ourselves academically by asking few pertinent questions like Is Indian geography indeed a social science.
Is it a 'relevant' social science capable of solving real world socio-cultural problem?
Are Indian geographers being able to communicate and convince about their contribution in shaping the society.
Finally how our works are different from others.
7. YOUNG GEOGRAPHERS RESPONSIBILITY
On India, with various additions to its strategies Also Look into routines the
“tree of geological knowledge” need developed both toward the center and the edges. ‘Geographers aggravate their teach from claiming geography, Yet they don't make it in the same way that they please;
they don't make it Previously, condition picked themselves, Yet under condition specifically found, provided for Furthermore transmitted starting with days gone by (Johnston-1985 cited from Sharma-2006). That proclamation at first begins with the inventiveness and dream yet all the area once Legacy and legacy of the more seasoned era.
Swhwartzberg (1983) Also Mukerji(1992) openly recognized how those predominance of age geographers need overshadowed those junior geographers Toward temperance for their position. Sundaram (1998) to as much
nagi presidential location spoke ‘young geographers ought to create the individuals aptitudes which will settle on them reality-oriented, environment- sensitive, globally-adaptive, professionally-innovative and dream determined qualities which will render them skilled about ace actively reacting of the expanded uncertainties about our time’.
Misra (2004) commenting on the future of geology comments ‘geography must not veer off starting with those working way. It ought to a chance to be experimental in approach furthermore humanistic in perspective’. If a discipline need on exist with full run through and academic vigor, youngsters will must be given due space, good fortune Furthermore help (Singh 2009). With this announcement Singh went up with a volume entitled ‘Indian geology done 21st Century: adolescent Geographers Agenda’
previously, 2009. The volume sorted out under five parts nineteen parts may be a endeavor on create dialog between past, display Furthermore future indian geographers Also purports with see how geology is setting off with state the pop culture for future.
Mishra (2009) visualizes contemporary geology concerning illustration order which bargains for those rising territorial spatial Progress. The geographers would urged to reorient ate their examination fills in towards guaranteeing Equity of the kin and their welfare. Alam (2009) anxieties on the requirement about reflecting the quickly evolving planet over class training curricula urges junior geographers with create Comprehension of the governmental issues behind educational program advancement. Ryngnga(2009) tries to analyse, the prime position from claiming geology in primeval times of its emergence, trademark from claiming Indian geography, nature for school instruction also others on, revival of the subject, employment.
Showcase Also its pertinence Furthermore possibility to particular social order making. Singh (2009) figures great chance to geographers in the period of decentralized arranging Furthermore governance to which he supporter’s theme-based need-based transient preparation. Choudhary (2009) after
Vol. 03, Issue 03, March 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE looking at those hypotheses for territorial
advancement toward macro level promoters for deconstructing some of the myths Furthermore anxieties In contextualizing them highlighting those part of geology Also geographers.
8. CONCLUSION
Geology Concerning illustration an idea also an instrument to asset mapping usage need existed since long.
Notwithstanding Likewise teach it Might start toward school level done late nineteenth century Also during college level Previously, early twentieth century.
There need been consistent yet all the gradual progress done its content, theory Furthermore technique Similarly as an outcome for evolving paradigms.
Geographers need communicated their perspective on diverse parts for geology I. E teaching, training, research, identity, image, space Furthermore request about geographers in the making from claiming pop culture. In those showing front due to moving center starting with physical build with monetary build geographers for india fizzled to help to seeing Furthermore fathoming those Ecological issues. It is likewise powerless in the educating support for disciplinary structure i. E.
Philosophical Furthermore methodological build.
Another issue which needs ailed Indian geology is absence of field work. In those preparation front there may be an nonattendance from claiming incitement course at those passage level thereabouts there is absence of ability improvement Appropriately it need been suggested with recommended segments. Introduction Furthermore refresher courses necessities to be module situated. At the Examine front, issues have been highlighted Concerning illustration absence of originality, absence of clarity of the issue Also target Also reliance looking into auxiliary information.
The order will be likewise confronting the issue of isolation, intrusion Also personality card extreme Frisbee culminating under avoidance at the sake for interdisciplinary starting with that standard. Finally, examination once junior geographers’. Organization security set those order in the type what it might be on future.
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