ANALYTICAL STUDY OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Mr. Md. Nazeem
Asst. Prof., Civil Engg., Princeton Institute of Engg. and Technology for Womens, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Mr. M. Naresh
Asst. Prof., Civil Engg., Princeton Institute of Engg. and Technology for Womens, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Abstract- As public awareness of environmental injustice has grown in recent years, the construction community's interest in using waste or recycled materials in concrete has risen as well. If we look around us, we can see a lot of materials that we consider waste but are opportunities.
Alkali-activated concrete or inorganic polymer concrete are other names for geopolymer concrete.Geopolymer is a newly developed construction material that allows for large-scale use of fly ash without the use of cement.
Compressive strength of Rice Husk Ash is based on geopolymer mortar which depends on the strength of geopolymer binder it is an excellent bonding between geopolymer binder and aggregate. Rice Husk Ash's compressive strength is based on geopolymer mortar, which is dependent on the strength of the geopolymer binder and provides excellent bonding between the binder and the aggregate. This research will benefit the environment by reducing the amount of Rice Husk Ash that will be disposed of through incineration and land filling. Within 7 days of casting, the strength of geopolymer concrete has been demonstrated.
Keywords: Recycled aggregate Compressive Strength Test.
1INTRODUCTION
Numerous studies on geopolymer concrete have been conducted in the past. The use of alkaline solution with RHA/Fly ash in concrete, also known as geopolymer concrete, has been the subject of most research papers published in various journals. Rice husk's types, properties, benefits, and uses have all been discussed in the literature, but there is currently no information available for fully replacing cement in (geopolymer) concrete.
Because of the large demand for cement in concrete manufacturing, there are many opportunities to find a replacement cement, as well as the increasing rate of environmental pollution and the consideration of sustainable factors, a study of geopolymer concrete based on RHA (fully replaced cement) is required. In this paper, I'd like to look at the physical properties of geopolymer concrete, such as workability, compressive strength, tensile
strength, and flexural strength.
The applications are identical to those of cement concrete. However, this material has yet to be widely adopted for a variety of applications.
Pavements, retaining walls, water tanks, and precast bridge decks have all been built with this concrete. Geopolymer concrete has been used in a variety of applications, including earth- retaining and water-containment structures.
1.1 Objectives of Study
To determine the Optimum percentage of alkaline solution (NaOH + Na2SiO3) in Rice Husk Ash for Geopolymer to be used.
To analysis the final & initial setting time of geopolymer concrete
To check the Compressive &
Flexural strength of Geopolymer concrete based on RHA at 50˚C curing temperature.
2 METHODOLOGY
In the laboratory, coarse aggregates (20mm), fine aggregates, Rice Husk Ash, and alkaline solution were used to make Geopolymer Concrete (Sodium Hydroxide and Sodium Silicate). Aluminate and silicate bearing materials are combined with a caustic activator to create geopolymer concrete. Waste materials like fly ash or slag from
iron and metal production, as well as rice husk ash, are commonly used, resulting in a cleaner environment. Five different mixture proportions were formulated for making geopolymer concrete specimens based on that research.
A. Tests on aggregates
The following tests on aggregates were performed:
a.Impact Test
The aggregate impact test is used to determine how resistant aggregates are to impact.
Aggregates that pass through a 12.5 mm sieve and are retained on a 10 mm sieve are placed in a cylindrical steel cup with an internal diameter of 10.2 mm and a depth of 5 cm that is attached to the impact testing machine's metal base. The material is layered in three layers, each of which is tamped for a total of 25 blows. A metal hammer weighing 13.5 to 14 kg is suspended from vertical guides with a free fall of 38.0 cm, and the test specimen is subjected to 15 blows.
b.Shape Test
The flakiness index of aggregate is the percentage of aggregate mass whose least dimension is less than 0.6 times the mean dimension. The flakiness test is applicable to aggregates larger than 6.3 mm in size.
Elongation Index: The aggregate elongation index is the percentage
of particles by weight whose longest dimension (i.e. length) is greater than 1.8 times the mean dimension.
c.Specific gravity and water absorption test
Aggregate specific gravity and water absorption are important properties that must be considered when designing concrete and bituminous mixes. A solid's specific gravity is the ratio of its mass to that of an equal volume of distilled water at a given temperature.
d.Sieve Analysis
The particle size distribution of course and fine aggregates can be determined using sieve analysis.
The aggregates are sieved according to IS: 2386 (Part I) – 1963. We do these by-passing aggregates through different sieves that have been standardized by the IS code, and then collecting different sized particles left over from different sieves.
B Tests on cement
The following tests on cement were performed:
a.Fineness Test
Fineness is defined as the average size of cement grains. It is used to determine the average grain size of cement. The finer the cement, the greater the surface area available for hydration and, as a result, the greater the cement's strength.
b.Consistency Test
The consistency test is used to determine how much water is needed to make a normal- consistency cement paste.
c.Setting Time Test
The time it takes for cement to set is divided into two categories:
initial setting and final setting. The initial setting time of cement refers to the point at which it begins to stiffen. The point at which cement becomes fully non-workable is known as the final setting time.
d.Soundness Test
The soundness of cement is determined by measuring the volume change in the cement after it has been set. The greater the volume changes, the more cracks and other failures will occur.
e.Strength Test
Compressive strength test of cement is performed on size 70.6*70.6*70.6 mm3 mold.
Cement with higher compressive strength is better.
C Tests on concrete
The following tests on aggregates were performed:
a.Slump Cone Test:
The purpose of a concrete slump test, also known as a slump cone test, is to determine the workability or consistency of a concrete mix prepared in the laboratory or on the job site as the work progresses. A concrete slump
test is performed from batch to batch to ensure that the quality of the concrete is consistent throughout the construction process.
b.Compressive Strength Test:
To determine the compressive strength and durability effects of concrete, 150 mm× 150 mm × 150 mm size concrete cubes were cast and tested in accordance with IS: 516- 1959.
All strength tests were conducted using 2000 kN compression testing machine. Cube moulds of size 150x150x150 mm were used.
Figure 1 Geopolymer Concrete Cubes
Figure 2 Compressive Strength test of geopolymer Concrete
Figure 3 Compressive Strength test of geopolymer
Concrete
3 CONCLUSION
This research will benefit the environment by reducing the amount of Rice Husk Ash that will be disposed of through incineration and land filling.
Within 7 days of casting, the strength of geopolymer concrete has been demonstrated. The alkaline solution to source material ratio is kept at 0.8 for better workability. The early-age strength gain is best utilized in the precast industry, where steam curing or heated bed curing is common practice and used to increase the rate of production elements.
Box culverts, sewer pipeline products, railway sleepers, building products such as fire and chemically resistant wall panels, paving blocks, refractory bricks, and other pre-cast structures can all benefit from geopolymer technology.
Conclusion:
The initial setting time and final setting time ranged
from 50 minutes to 120 minutes for Rice Husk Ash Geopolymer.
The highest Compressive strength of the specimen produced by the 0.8 mass ratio (Activator/source material).
The strenght of geopolymer mortar are 28 Mpa.
The Compressive strength is varying from 20 Mpa – 33s Mpa.
The Flexural strength of geopolymer concrete is 3.86 Mpa.
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