View of AN ANLYSIS OF POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS WITH FACT DEVICE UPFC AND UPQC

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quality problems. Since the topologies of these equipment’s are similar to those used in FACTS equipment, power conditioners are also called Distribution FACTS (DFACTS).To enhance control effect and transient stability, this research proposes the coordinated control with active part UPFC, acts as the storage device. Since the stored energy of the capacitor is limited, it can only continuously inject into the system or absorb reactive power from the system. The system are simulated in matlab Simulink platform results are obtained.THD, which is a repetitive magnitude change of low frequency, is one of the power quality problems. The problem is aggravated with the use of load. The paper presents the use of a Unified Power Quality Conditioner UPQC, UPFC as a solution to active and reactive power along with sag and THD . A simple control technique is proposed to control UPQC, UPFC, .Simulation results showed the sag and reactive power presentation with the changes in the simulation of UPFC , UPQC, using MATLAB /SIMULINK.

Key Words: Power Quality, UPFC , UPQC, Voltage source , Reactive power , THD, Faults 1. INTRODUCTION

Power quality problem is occurring as a non-standard voltage, current and frequency. The power quality has serious economic implications for customers, utilities and electrical equipment manufacturers. Modernization and automation of industry involves increasing use of computers, microprocessors and power electronic systems such as adjustable speed drives.

Integration of non-conventional generation technologies such as fuel cells, wind turbines and photovoltaic with utility grids often requires power electronic inter-faces. The power electronic systems also contribute to power quality problem (generated harmonics). The electronic devices are very sensitive to disturbances and become less tolerant to power quality problems such as voltage sags, swells and harmonics. Voltage dips are considered to be one of the most severe disturbances to the industrial equipment’s. Voltage support at a load can be achieved by reactive power injection at the load point of common coupling. Due to the harmonics are occurring in the system it causes losses and heating of motor. This

work focuses on the key issues in the power quality problems, in the proposed system Voltage sag/Voltage swell occurs due to the three phase fault/ground fault/phase to ground fault in the transmission line and harmonics occurs due to the connection of controlled six pulse converter (rectifier) to the main drive load(non linear load). All these factors affect the sensitive load which is connected in parallel to the main drive load. So the proposed system protects the sensitive load by mitigating the harmonics using dynamic voltage restorer technique.

2. POWER QUALITY

Power quality problem is occurring as a non-standard voltage, current and frequency. The power quality has serious economic implications for customers, utilities and electrical equipment manufacturers. Modernization and automation of industry involves increasing use of computers, microprocessors and power electronic systems such as adjustable speed drives.

Integration of non-conventional generation technologies such as fuel cells, wind turbines and photovoltaic with

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING Available Online:www.ajeee.co.in Vol.02, Issue 12, December 2017, ISSN -2456-1037 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) UGC APPROVED NO. 48767

2 utility grids often requires power electronic inter-faces. The power electronic systems also contribute to power quality problem (generated harmonics). The electronic devices are very sensitive to disturbances and become less tolerant to power quality problems such as voltage sags, swells and harmonics. Voltage dips are considered to be one of the most severe disturbances to the industrial equipments. Voltage support at a load can be achieved by reactive power injection at the load point of common coupling. Due to the harmonics are occurring in the system it causes losses and heating of motor.[14]

3. METHODOLOGY

Basics of Power Transmission Networks A large majority of power transmission lines are AC lines operating at different voltages (10 kV to 800 kV). The distribution networks generally operate below 100 kV while the bulk power is transmitted at higher voltages.

The lines operating at different voltages are connected through transformers which operate at high efficiency.

Traditionally, AC lines have no provision

for the control of power flow. The mechanically operated circuit breakers(CB) are meant for protection against faults (caused by was hovers due toovervoltages on the lines or reduced clearances to ground). For example, consider a transmission line connecting agenerating station to a load centre in Fig.11(a). Assuming the line to belossless and ignoring the line charging, the power flow (P) is given by

P=^𝑉¹_𝑋^𝑉²sin(𝜃1− 𝜃2) where X is the series line reactance.

Assuming V1 and V2 to be held constants(through voltage regulators at the two ends), the power injected by the power station determines the flow of power in the line. The difference in the busangles is automatically adjusted to enable P = PG (Note that usually therecould be more than one line transmitting power from a generating stationto a load centre). If one or more lines trip, the output of the power stationmay have to be reduced by tripping generators, so as to avoid overloadingthe remaining lines in operation.

A line transmitting power from a generating station

(a) A line supplying power to a load (b) Figure 1: A transmission line carrying power 4. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS

Power quality problem is an occur as a non-standard voltage, current and frequency. The power quality has serious economic implications for customers, utilities and electrical equipment manufacturers. Modernization and automation of industry involves increasing use of computers, microprocessors and power electronic systems such as adjustable speed drives.

Integration of non-conventional

generation technologies such as fuel cells, wind turbines and photovoltaic with utility grids often requires power electronic inter-faces. The power electronic systems also contribute to power quality problem (generated harmonics). The electronic devices are very sensitive to disturbances and become less tolerant to power quality problems such as voltage sags, swells and harmonics. Voltage dips are considered to be one of the most severe disturbances to

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Fig 2 Simulation of the three phase system using UPQC

Fig.3Out put block of the simulated system

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Fig.4 Three phase source Block parameters

Fig.5 Simulated diagram opf the UPQC using IGBT Subsystem 1

Fig.6 Simulated diagram opf the UPQC using IGBT Subsystem 2

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5 The performance of the power system is studied for the capacitive and the inductive loads without including the UPQC in the system.. Figure 5.1 shows this source connected to the bus B1.

Feeder lines are connected between the busesB1 and B2 and the buses B2 and B3. At the bus B3, two different loads are connected through a 25 kV/ 600 V

UPQC device , and tried to show the performances of UPQC device for the three phase voltage source along with the active and reactive power graph for the proposed work. We simulated this research for the three phase voltage source with different fault condition LIKE LG, LLG, LLLG fault and , it showed the performance of the system along with the FACTS device . Case1 : Performance of the UPQC with LG LLG LLLG faultand active and reactive power B1 bus

Fig 7UPQCVariation of the bus voltage B1 (sag) LG fault

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Fig 8 UPQC Variation of the bus voltage B1 (sag) LLLG fault

Fig 9 UPQC Variation of the bus voltage B1 (sag) LLG fault

Fig 10 UPQC Variation of the real and the reactive powers LG fault b1bus

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Fig 11 UPQC Variation of the real and the reactive powers LLG fault b1bus

Fig 12 UPQC Variation of the real and the reactive powers LLLG fault b1bus Case 2: Performance of the UPQC with LG LLG LLLG fault and active and reactive power B2 bus

Fig 13 UPQC Variation of the bus voltage B2 (sag) LG fault

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Fig 18 UPQC Variation of the real and the reactive powers LLLG fault b2bus Case 3: Performance of the UPQC with LG LLG LLLG fault and active and reactive power B3 bus

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Fig 19 UPQC Variation of the bus voltage B3 (sag) LG fault

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Fig 24 UPQC Variation of the real and the reactive powers LLLG fault b3bus

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Fig 25 Variation of the real and the reactive powers with harmonic filter

Fig 26 Variation of the bus voltage (sag)with harmonics filter UPQC

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Fig 27 Variation of the bus voltage (sag)with harmonics filter UPQC SIMULINK MODEL WITH UPFC

Fig.28 simulation block for the three phase source

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Fig.29 simulation block for the three phase source USING UPFC

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Fig.30 UPFC Connection in the simulation with IGBT

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Fig.31 UPFC CONTROLO SCHEME OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

Fig.32 Display system of the simulated work suing UPFC SOURCE PARAMETERS

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System voltage 500 kV

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Frequency is taken as 50 Hz

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Transmission line parameters Rt+jXt = 0.01+j 0.14, R1 = 0.0144, X1 = 0.36, UPFC parameters

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System voltage 500 kV

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Frequency is taken as 50 Hz

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Transmission line parameters Rt+jXt = 0.01+j 0.14

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Inductive reactance L = L2 = 0.06, resistance R = 0.001.

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Inductive reactance L1 = L3 = 0.06, resistance R 2= 0.001.

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DC link capacitor = 1.5 UPFC

Fig33 Variation of the real and the reactive powers without UPFC

Fig 34Variation of the total harmonic distortion (THD) without UPFC

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Fig 35 Variation of the active powers withUPFC system 1

Fig 36 Variation of the reactive powers with UPFC system1

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Fig 37 Variation of the total harmonic distortion (THD) with UPFC system 1

Fig 38 Variation of the active powers with UPFC for system2

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Fig 39 Variation of the reactive powers with upfc for system2

Fig 40 Variation of the real and the reactive powers withupfc system 2

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Fig 41Variation of the total harmonic distortion (THD) with upfc system2

Fig 42 Variation of the real and the reactive powers with upfc system 1

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Fig 43 Variation of the real and the reactive powers with upfc system 1 & system 2

Fig 44 Active and Reactive power Using UPFC

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Fig 45 Active and Reactive power Using UPFC Fig 5.34 is showing the finest results for

the power quality improvement with UPFC . We know that the active and reactive power is the most important terminology for the power quality improvements .we can see that in the transmission line source system, UPFC is working as the power absorbing device to 5.8 unit.By given table B we can see that the sag performance of the system also good with the UPQC device of the system with different fault system , in the proposed system we utilized the harmonic filter with the different thyrister device like IGBT used. Also in the UPFC device we used the filter along with the different thyrister devices used.

5. CONCLUSION

Power quality problems are one of the major concernsIn present electric power grids. To suppress the power quality problems, FACTSs are suitable devices to compensate these voltage disturbances, protect sensitive loads andrestore their voltage during voltage sag. In this paper, a newtopology of UPFC suitable for medium-voltage applications is proposed.

The proposed configuration of UPQC converter whose dc link is fed from battery.The advantage of the proposed UPQC is that it can connect tomedium- voltage power grid without any line- frequency step-up isolation transformer which is bulky and costly.It has been

shown that proposed UPQC utilizingdiscussedUPQC reference voltage determination methodcan compensate voltage sag effectively and protect thesensitiveloads.The three topologies of UPQC for reduced dc link voltagehas been discussed, A simulation study has done for theMidpoint connected VSI based topology and series capacitorconnected to Shunt VSI topology, the simulation result presented. The hysteresis controller is used to control theseries the designing and MATLABsimulation circuit of controller also presented. A comparisonsstudy has been presented for both the topologies it hasobserved from the simulation studies the series capacitorconnected to shunt VSI topology has advantages of reducedDC link voltage nearly 50% reduced DC link voltagecompared to midpoint connected topology and also less THDvalues due to less voltage at inductor and less switchingfrequency for the switches of VSIs. Table II gives thecomparison both the topologies of reduced DC link voltage ofUPQC

5.1 FUTURE WORK AND LIMITATIONS Research and development are a non- stopping process. For any research work carried out, there is always a possibility of further improvement and lot many avenues are opened for further investigation. The future work that can be

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25 as an input to the damping controller.

4. Different strategies could be tested and implemented in an attempt to achieve a less time-consuming process and gain a better understanding of heuristic optimization techniques applied to various power system phenomena.

5. Finally, real testing of the simulated result for thepower system can be realized in an RTDC (Real-time design and simulator) module.

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