View of ASSESSMENT OF AIR QUALITY AT SANWER ROAD INDUSTRIAL AREA, INDORE (M.P.), INDIA

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Vol.03, Issue 09, Conference (IC-RASEM) Special Issue 01, September 2018 Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

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ASSESSMENT OF AIR QUALITY AT SANWER ROAD INDUSTRIAL AREA, INDORE (M.P.), INDIA

Niharika Shivhare¹, Anita Gour¹ and Jyotsna Pal²

1Department of Chemical Sciences, Christian Eminent College, Indore (M.P.), India.

2Science Coordinator, St. Joseph Group of Schools, Lucknow (U.P.), India.

Abstract- Air pollution is a major concern of new civilized world, which has a serious toxicological impact on human health and the environment. It has a number of different emission sources, but motor vehicles and industrial processes contribute the major part of air pollution. The Sanwer Road industrial area of Indore is very densely populated and has heavy motorized traffic. The increase of emissions mainly from traffic and industry are responsible for the increase in atmospheric pollution levels during the last years. The following air pollutants: particulate matter (2.5 & 10 µg/m³), carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and ozone, were measured with the Multiple Gas Analyzer. The parameters wind-speed, atmospheric temperature and pressure were also noted. The result reveals that the concentration of particulate matter (2.5 & 10 µg/m³), carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides excides the permissible limit and needs control measures.

Key words: Pollutants, air quality, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide.

1. INTRODUCTION

Monitoring of air pollutants e.g., particulate matter (2.5 & 10 µg/m³), ground-level ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) is of interest due to their potential link to adverse human health outcomes from exposure [1-4]. In addition, high concentrations of these pollutants are reported to contribute to acid deposition, photochemical smog and reduced atmospheric visibility [5 & 6].

1.1 Indore city

Indore is located geographically between 22°37′29.66’’N 75°46′86’’E and 22°48′34’’N 75°56′32’’E at an average altitude of 553 Meters from the Sea Level.

It is located 190 KM away from the State Capital, Bhopal on NH - 3. The Indore District is spread in an area of 3898 km². The Indore city area is 13717 hectare [7 &

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1.2 Sanwer road industrial area

Sanwer road industrial area is a biggest industrial area of 77 hectares in North West side of Indore. There are 6 sectors in this area i.e. Sector A, B, C, D, E and Sector F. This is a mix type of industrial cluster, predominantly having Rolling mills, foundries, lead reprocessing, Electroplating, Drugs & Pharmaceuticals, Chemical, Textile processing, Galvanizing, vegetable Oil refineries etc.

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2. METHODOLOGY

Air pollution monitoring in Indore city was carried out at two locations at Sanwer Road industrial area. Multiple Gas Analyzer was used for the sampling of parameters. Standard methods prescribed by central pollution control board (CPCB) were used for analysis. For particulate matter, the ambient air was filtered through glass microfiber filter paper GF/A (20.3X25.4 cm). The particulate matter was determined by calculating the weight difference (i.e. before and after exposure) of filter paper and the concentration of particulate matter was determined by the ratio of particulate matter collected on the filter paper to volume of air sampled [9- 11]. Gaseous pollutants namely SO2, NOx, NH3 and CO were collected on four hourly basis for 24h and for Ozone it was collected on four hourly basis for 8h, by drawing air flow of 1 lit./min. SO2, NOx, NH3 and Ozone were analyzed by Improved West and Geake Method, Modified Jacob & Hochheiser Method, Indophenol Blue Method and Chemical method respectively. Concentrations of pollutants were measured in micrograms/cubic meter (µg/m³). The concentrations were analyzed by Spectrophotometer. Anemometer was used to measure the wind speed in m/s on hourly basis. And the atmospheric pressure was measured in mm of Hg by barometer.

Monitoring was done at two locations in Sanwer Road industrial area was done for particulate matter (2.5 & 10

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2 µg), carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and ozone, during November 2017 to March 2018.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The data obtained from monitoring of air with in the study area can be seen in the following graphs Figure 1-5. And the minimum, maximum and average values

of monthwise monitoring is shown in the Tables 1-5.

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Figure 1 (a) & (b): Graphical representation of different parameters for November month

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0.00 200.00 400.00 600.00 800.00 1000.00 1200.00

01/Nov… 02/Nov… 03/Nov… 04/Nov… 05/Nov… 06/Nov… 07/Nov… 08/Nov… 09/Nov… 10/Nov… 11/Nov… 12/Nov… 13/Nov… 14/Nov… 15/Nov… 16/Nov… 17/Nov… 18/Nov… 19/Nov… 20/Nov… 21/Nov… 22/Nov… 23/Nov… 24/Nov… 25/Nov… 26/Nov… 27/Nov… 28/Nov… 29/Nov… 30/Nov…

PM 2.5 (ug/m3) PM 10 (ug/m3) NOx (ug/m3) SO2 (ug/m3) NH3 (ug/m3) Ozone (ug/m3)

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00

01/Nov/… 02/Nov/… 03/Nov/… 04/Nov/… 05/Nov/… 06/Nov/… 07/Nov/… 08/Nov/… 09/Nov/… 10/Nov/… 11/Nov/… 12/Nov/… 13/Nov/… 14/Nov/… 15/Nov/… 16/Nov/… 17/Nov/… 18/Nov/… 19/Nov/… 20/Nov/… 21/Nov/… 22/Nov/… 23/Nov/… 24/Nov/… 25/Nov/… 26/Nov/… 27/Nov/… 28/Nov/… 29/Nov/… 30/Nov/…

CO (mg/m3) Wind Speed (m/s)

0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00 800.00

01/Dec/17 02/Dec/17 03/Dec/17 04/Dec/17 05/Dec/17 06/Dec/17 07/Dec/17 08/Dec/17 09/Dec/17 10/Dec/17 11/Dec/17 12/Dec/17 13/Dec/17 14/Dec/17 15/Dec/17 16/Dec/17 17/Dec/17 18/Dec/17 19/Dec/17 20/Dec/17 21/Dec/17 22/Dec/17 23/Dec/17 24/Dec/17 25/Dec/17 26/Dec/17 27/Dec/17 28/Dec/17 29/Dec/17 30/Dec/17 31/Dec/17

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Figure 2 (a) & (b): Graphical representation of different parameters for December month

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Figure 3 (a) & (b): Graphical representation of different parameters for January month.

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0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00

01/Dec/17 02/Dec/17 03/Dec/17 04/Dec/17 05/Dec/17 06/Dec/17 07/Dec/17 08/Dec/17 09/Dec/17 10/Dec/17 11/Dec/17 12/Dec/17 13/Dec/17 14/Dec/17 15/Dec/17 16/Dec/17 17/Dec/17 18/Dec/17 19/Dec/17 20/Dec/17 21/Dec/17 22/Dec/17 23/Dec/17 24/Dec/17 25/Dec/17 26/Dec/17 27/Dec/17 28/Dec/17 29/Dec/17 30/Dec/17 31/Dec/17

0.00 200.00 400.00 600.00 800.00

01/Jan… 02/Jan… 03/Jan… 04/Jan… 05/Jan… 06/Jan… 07/Jan… 08/Jan… 09/Jan… 10/Jan… 11/Jan… 12/Jan… 13/Jan… 14/Jan… 15/Jan… 16/Jan… 17/Jan… 18/Jan… 19/Jan… 20/Jan… 21/Jan… 22/Jan… 23/Jan… 24/Jan… 25/Jan… 26/Jan… 27/Jan… 28/Jan… 29/Jan… 30/Jan… 31/Jan…

0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

01/Jan… 02/Jan… 03/Jan… 04/Jan… 05/Jan… 06/Jan… 07/Jan… 08/Jan… 09/Jan… 10/Jan… 11/Jan… 12/Jan… 13/Jan… 14/Jan… 15/Jan… 16/Jan… 17/Jan… 18/Jan… 19/Jan… 20/Jan… 21/Jan… 22/Jan… 23/Jan… 24/Jan… 25/Jan… 26/Jan… 27/Jan… 28/Jan… 29/Jan… 30/Jan… 31/Jan…

0.00 200.00 400.00 600.00

01/F… 02/F… 03/F… 04/F… 05/F… 06/F… 07/F… 08/F… 09/F… 10/F… 11/F… 12/F… 13/F… 14/F… 15/F… 16/F… 17/F… 18/F… 19/F… 20/F… 21/F… 22/F… 23/F… 24/F… 25/F… 26/F… 27/F… 28/F…

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Figure 4 (a) & (b): Graphical representation of different parameters for February month.

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Figure 5 (a) & (b): Graphical representation of different parameters for March month.

Table 1: Analyses data of different parameters for November 2017.

Sr. No. Month Parameters Unit Minimum Maximum Average Limits 1

November 2017

PM 2.5 µg/m³ 167.84 807.64 370.29 40

2 PM 10 µg/m³ 306.15 1058.77 572.62 60

3 NOx µg/m³ 46.53 214.26 98.98 40

4 SO2 µg/m³ 32.82 140.31 67.49 50

5 NH3 µg/m³ 25.27 121.93 56.60 100

6 Ozone µg/m³ 28.85 147.39 71.49 100

7 CO mg/m³ 1.12 5.93 3.04 02

8 Wind Speed m/s 0.40 1.80 0.90 --

9 Temperature ⁰C 19.86 25.77 22.46 --

10 Boiling Pressure mmHg 743.07 748.98 746.27 --

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50

01/Feb/18 02/Feb/18 03/Feb/18 04/Feb/18 05/Feb/18 06/Feb/18 07/Feb/18 08/Feb/18 09/Feb/18 10/Feb/18 11/Feb/18 12/Feb/18 13/Feb/18 14/Feb/18 15/Feb/18 16/Feb/18 17/Feb/18 18/Feb/18 19/Feb/18 20/Feb/18 21/Feb/18 22/Feb/18 23/Feb/18 24/Feb/18 25/Feb/18 26/Feb/18 27/Feb/18 28/Feb/18

0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50

3.00 CO (mg/m3) Wind Speed (m/s)

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Table 2: Analyses data of different parameters for December 2017.

December 2017

PM 2.5 µg/m³ 101.42 627.16 305.05 40

2 PM 10 µg/m³ 200.61 743.89 458.17 60

3 NOx µg/m³ 37.75 301.74 119.78 40

4 SO2 µg/m³ 25.02 277.09 57.86 50

5 NH3 µg/m³ 15.81 89.38 54.89 100

6 Ozone µg/m³ 14.39 181.15 55.99 100

7 CO mg/m³ 1.38 5.72 2.90 02

8 Wind Speed m/s 0.36 1.91 1.02 --

9 Temperature ⁰C 14.27 21.05 18.60 --

Table 3: Analyses data of different parameters for January 2018.

January 2018

PM 2.5 µg/m³ 138.47 488.50 291.76 40

2 PM 10 µg/m³ 241.47 684.48 436.97 60

3 NOx µg/m³ 45.78 186.74 88.73 40

4 SO2 µg/m³ 10.69 56.98 30.06 50

5 NH3 µg/m³ 46.13 75.75 57.12 100

6 Ozone µg/m³ 14.80 71.52 33.28 100

7 CO mg/m³ 1.03 4.26 2.43 02

8 Wind Speed m/s 0.49 2.01 1.15 --

9 Temperature ⁰C 12.37 20.32 16.32 --

Table 4: Analyses data of different parameters for February 2018.

February 2018

PM 2.5 µg/m³ 64.99 265.94 157.84 40

2 PM 10 µg/m³ 120.89 521.97 321.69 60

3 NOx µg/m³ 25.05 177.65 73.06 40

4 SO2 µg/m³ 16.24 77.42 44.71 50

5 NH3 µg/m³ 37.43 59.95 48.52 100

6 Ozone µg/m³ 11.75 79.03 32.11 100

7 CO mg/m³ 0.59 2.95 1.30 02

8 Wind Speed m/s 0.62 2.41 1.38 --

9 Temperature ⁰C 17.24 25.99 21.37 --

Table 5: Analyses data of different parameters for March 2018.

March 2018

PM 2.5 µg/m³ 76.00 452.96 160.50 40

2 PM 10 µg/m³ 177.17 479.68 279.95 60

3 NOx µg/m³ 44.30 122.96 65.30 40

4 SO2 µg/m³ 27.28 62.26 41.01 50

5 NH3 µg/m³ 37.59 62.88 49.94 100

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6 Ozone µg/m³ 27.00 68.45 44.36 100

7 CO mg/m³ 0.73 2.40 1.21 02

8 Wind Speed m/s 0.75 1.91 1.30 --

9 Temperature ⁰C 24.19 29.81 26.60 --

From the above graphs it can be seen that the many a times the average concentrations of PM, SO2 and NOx is greater than the daily average values. The tables also show that the overall monthly average values of maximum parameters is higher than the prescribed value.

4. CONCLUSIONS

The graphical representations shows the average data of 24 hour of each day from November 2017 to March 2018. From the tables it is concluded that the concentration of particulate matter (2.5 &

10 µg/m³), carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides excides the permissible limit and needs control measures.

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