View of BIOCHEMICAL SOLUTION OF MALNUTRITION DUE TO PROTEIN DEFICIENCY IN WOMEN OF RURAL AREA

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal IMPACT FACTOR: 2.104 (ISSN NO. 2456-1037) Vol.03, Issue 09, Conference (IC-RASEM) Special Issue 01, September 2018 Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

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BIOCHEMICAL SOLUTION OF MALNUTRITION DUE TO PROTEIN DEFICIENCY IN WOMEN OF RURAL AREA

Anubha Vijay Pandya

Professor, Department of Chemical Sciences, Christian Eminent College, Indore [email protected]

Abstract - Deficiency of protein is one of the causes of several health problems, asthe constructing mass of our muscles, skin, enzymes and hormones, is none other than protein, and it is an essential part of all body tissues. In Indian food practice most foods contain some protein. As a result, true protein deficiency is rare in developed countries.

But, in rural areas some women may still be at risk. In order to classify PEM in a clinically useful way, one must understand its pathophysiology. In India PEM is caused by starvation. Due to lake of nutritional food eating habits. Starvation is also common in rural area because of poor quality raw cereals or grams.It is become disease that develops when protein intake fail to meet the body's requirements for these nutrients and humans have adaptive tools for this. Body reduces the metabolic rate.The presence of food in the stomach, especially if it is fatty, delays gastric emptying and the absorption of certain drugs, e.g. ampicillin and rifampicin. More specifically, calcium, for instance in milk, interferes with absorption of tetracyclines and iron (by chelation).Substituting protein for fat or carbohydrate in the diet is associated with an increase in drug oxidation rates. Some specific dietary factors induce drug metabolising enzymes, e.g. alcohol, charcoal grilled (broiled) beef, cabbage and Brussels sprouts.

Present paper is based on survey in villages of rural areas of India and experimental analysis of the nutritional values of the sample collected from these villages.

1. INTRODUCTION

Many diseases observed due to deficiency of Protein in women of rural areas. Result of the survey reveal that due to poor nutritional values of food protein supply in their body is low thereby energy requirement for the routine work is not up to the level, which results dullness. Since Proteins are long chains of amino acids and ratio of amino acids in the plasma also differentiates among various patients suffering from the diseases caused by the deficiency of protien syndromes. In all cases of kwashiorkor, except one with dark hair (2.9), the amino acid ratio was above 4 0. In marasmus the amino acid ratio was either normal or only slightly raised; in no case was the ratio above 3 0.

the consequence of this fat loss is observed. The determination of the serum protein is the simplest of these.¹ When the primary deficiency was one of calories, the serum protein was within the normal range or only slightly depressed, even if the children were very ill, while in the primary protein deficiencies the concentration was always below 5 * 5 g./100 ml., and much lower in the severe cases^2,3,4.Citrus flavonoids in grapefruit (but not orange) juice decrease hepatic metabolism and may lead to toxicity from

amiodarone, terfenadine (cardiac arrhythmia), benzodiazepines (increased sedation), ciclosporin, felodipine (reduced blood pressure)^.5

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various samples were collected from different villages. The samples include wheat, Tur Dal, Moong Dal, Chana Dal, Jowar,Bajra, Rice, etc. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out to know the nutritional values of these collected sample. The main focus is on Proteins, Fatsand Carbohydrate analysis and finally energy calculation of these raw food have been done.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The results of this investigation show that certain biochemical tests provide more objective differential information that are helpful to find the solution.

Rice –Raw-

Protein: 6.1g/100g Fat: 0.7g

Carbohydrate: 74 g Energy: 330 Kcal.

3.1 Solution to increase nutritional values

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2 Women of the rural area suffering from mal nutrition should useParboiled rice has a glassy translucent appearance.

Nutritive Value

 Protein—7.7 g per 100

 Carbohydrate—78 g per 100 g

 Fat—0.5 g per 100 g

 Calories—345 per 100 g Par Boiling

The technique recommended by CFTRI (Central Food Technological Research Institute) is as follows^6,7:

 Soaking paddy in hot water (65- 70°C) for 3-4 hours followed by draining the water and steaming the paddy in the same pot for 5-10 minutes.

 The paddy is then sun dried and milled.

What are the advantages obtained by parboiling?

 The vitamins and minerals are driven into the deeper layers of the grain and are not lost by milling and washing.

 The grain becomes harder and rendered resistant to insect invasion.

 The starch present in the grain gets gelatinized and improves the keeping quality.

Wheat -

Protien: 9.9 g/100g Fat: 1.0 g.

Carbohydrate: 70g/100g Energy: 339Kcal

The limiting amino acids in it

 Lysine

 Threonine MAIZE-

Itsnutritive value.

 Protein—10 g per 100 g

 Carbohydrate—62.7 g per 100 g

 Fat—3.0 g per 100 g

 Calories—338 per 100 g

 The limiting amino acids are

 Tryptophan

 Lysine

One should note that the disease caused by consumption of excessive maize is Pellagra and following nutritional features are responsible for this diseases.

 Deficiency of tryptophan

 Excessive leucine

To avoid this problemniacin should be taken as supplement with maize.

BAJRA-

Its nutritive value.

 Protein—10-14 g per 100 g

 Carbohydrate—65.2 g per 100 g

 Fat—4.8 g per 100 g

 Calories—358 per 100 g The limiting amino acids in it are

 Threonine

 Lysine

The following mineral is abundant in this food article

 Iron (708 mg per 100 g)

 Calciumandbajra crop prone to Clavicepsfusiform is or ergot infestation otherwise Ergotismdisorder results from consumption of ergot-infested grains.

Ergotismcan be prevented as followes- Ergot infested seeds can be removed from the rest by

 Floating them in 20% salt water

 Handpicking

 Air floatation Jowar-

The limiting amino acids in it

 Lysine

 Threonine

It is rich in leucine. Excess of leucine interferes with the conversion of tryptophan into niacin. The deficiency of niacin leads to pellagra.

Itcan be prevented by following manner

 Avoid total dependence on jowar.

 Consumption of groundnut which has niacin.

Chana Dal- Its nutritive value.

 Protein—16 g per 100 g

 Fat—4.8 g per 100 g

Rich in minerals and B group vitamins such as riboflavin and thiamine.

Solution to improve its nutritive value The nutritive value of all pulses can be improved by

 Germination (unsplit form only)

 Fermentation

 The limiting amino acids in it

 Methionine

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 Cysteine

 It is rich in

 Lysine TUR DAL or Arhar- Protien: 9.2g

Fat:0.8 g

Carbohydrates: 51g Energy: 328Kcal

Kilocalories we get by consuming 100 g of red ram 335 calories per 100 g.

Protein and fat we get by consuming 100 g of this

 Protein content—22.3 g per 100 g

 Fat content—1.7 g per 100 g The limiting amino acid in this food article

 Methionine

 Cysteine

3.2 Solution to increase the nutritional value by nutritional rehabilitation- The multipurpose food used in National Nutrition Programs is prepared by mixing 75% groundnut flour (after fat extraction) and 25% roasted red gram flour.There is a fear of contamination with Khesari dal (Lathyrus).Health hazard results from long consumption of contaminated dal leads to-

 Neurolathyrism in humans

 Osteolathyrism in animals

Toxinresponsible for causing neurolathyrism is- Beta oxalyl amino alanine (BOAA)

Moong Dal - Its protein content

 Protein content—20 g per 100 g

 Fat content—1g per 100 g.

 Energy—338 g per 100 g Urad Dal-

Its protein, fat content, and caloric value

 Protein—20.2 g per 100 g

 Fat content—1 g per 100 g

 Energy—340 g per 100 g Soya Bean

Its protein content, fat content, and caloric value

 Protein—40.1 g per 100 g

 Fat content—17.6 g per 100 g

It differs from animal protein; its protein is not biologically complete and is deficient in methionine.Soya bean is considered as the "queen” of all legumes

 Soya bean is nutritionally the richest among pulses. It has about 40% protein, 20% fat, and 4% of minerals.

 Its protein has the higher nutritive value compared to other dals.

 It has high content of iron.

 It is rich in carotene, lysine, and folic acid.

Soya bean oil is one of the few oils which are rich in alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid.

Due to insufficient eating and low percentage of protein, carbohydrate and iron containing food intake, most of the women of villages of the rural areas are suffering from protein deficiency diseases.

Ketosis is one out of them. Ketosis is a normal feature of a total fast lasting more than about 24 hours; it is readily prevented or abolished by carbohydrate intakes as low as 50–100 g per day.

Because even starving patients usually consume more than this amount of carbohydrate, the vast majority of them are not ketotic. Fasting ketosis is associated with protein catabolism, so it should be prevented by infusing 5%

dextrose solution, 2 L per day, to patients who must temporarily be kept fasting.

The diagnosis even of advanced protein-energy malnutrition is frequently missed by physicians and nurses, and when this happens the opportunity is lost to discover whether treating it can improve the patient's clinical outcome.

Oral nutrition is safest, cheapest and best. When nutritional needs cannot be met by modifications in the diet or its provision, forced feeding must be considered. When the alimentary tract cannot be used, the option of parenteral nutrition is available. In controlled clinical trials that involved this mode of nutrition therapy, clinical outcome was improved in advanced protein-energy malnutrition,

4. CONCLUSION

The good health of women is a serious problem in India. It is directly related to their status in the society. The demographic consequence of the women has formed expression in various forms, such as female infanticide, higher death

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4 rate, as compared to men. Generally, at household level, cultural norms and practices determine the extent of nutritional status among women. National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau has been carrying out regular surveys on diet and nutritional status of different population groups since 1972. For the purpose of present investigation, the data collected from the different villages of the rural areas along with samples of raw food to check the nutritional values to find the cause of malnutrition.

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