VOLUME: 09, Issue 06, Paper id-IJIERM-IX-VI, December 2022 87 CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS FOR DIFFERENT ADMIXTURES OF
CONCRETE
Mr. Md. Nazeem
Asst. Prof., Civil Engg., Princeton Institute of Engg. and Technology for Womens, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Mr. M. Naresh
Asst. Prof., Civil Engg., Princeton Institute of Engg. and Technology for Womens, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Abstract- In this study different type of admixtures (jiggery water, sugar water, starch water) and super plasticizer were used for m30 grade of concrete to improve the properties of fresh and harden Concrete such as increase the workability, increase the compressive strength by adoption super plasticizers, admixtures which increase the workability and hence the strength is increased through the reduction of water content. The experimental work was divided into two phases: 1. Tests on basic materials (cement, aggregate, sand, water) and the effect of recommended dose of admixture on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. The results of tests for the basic materials were carried to ensure that their results conforming to their standards and can be used. 2. in 2nd phase use admixture and super plasticizers both and obtained standard results.
1. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, the concrete admixtures are widely utilized in the development projects. the most sorts of chemical admixtures is summarized as plasticizers, accelerating/retarding agents, air entraining agents, waterproofing additives and others like corrosion inhibitors and coloring agents etc.
the advantages derived from the utilization of chemical admixtures embody improved durability, strength, chemical resistance, coloring, reduction in water and cement demand and increased operating properties of concrete.
Considering these facts, present research work is devoted to the
investigations on the effects of natural admixtures on the concrete and artificial super plasticizers. In this work Slump cone test and compression test for different combinations of concrete and natural admixtures. In the research work, natural admixtures used are sugar water, starch water ad jiggery water with 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% concentration. Concrete used was M30 grade, and the synthetic super plasticizers. Following are the objectives of research work.
1) Evaluation of performance of concrete using natural admixtures;
VOLUME: 09, Issue 06, Paper id-IJIERM-IX-VI, December 2022 88 2) Evaluation of performance of
natural admixtures with artificial superplaticizers;
3) Ranking of different natural admixtures.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Present section is devoted to the contributions of research in the field of concrete and its unconventional additives, the details of which are presented in upcoming sub-sections, followed by investigated gaps in the research work.
2.1 Contributions of Researchers in the field of Admixtures
Following are the contributions of different researchers in the field of admixtures.
1. Plank et al.(2015)
An overview of current PCE compositions and synthesis strategies is provided, followed by novel applications for PCEs together with C–S–H-PCE nano- composites and an outline of still unresolved challenges for PCE technology. In addition, the practicality of chemical admixtures in specific applications for low- carbon cements and concrete systems is mentioned. The action mechanisms of retarders and therefore the utilisation system of sludge water by using retarder are introduced. Moreover, the influence of fluoride ion and also the effectiveness of PCE polymers in blended cements and also the impact of non-adsorbed polymer
are given. And also the impact of special interface modifying materials, of a refined pore structure and of chemical admixtures, significantly shrinkage -reducing agents, is delineated.
The article concludes that more accurate quantitative micro- analytical strategies and modeling tools are needed to get a holistic understanding of factors affecting the microstructure of concrete, with the ultimate goal of achieving a more durable concrete.
2. Albayrak et al.(2015)
This study was carried out for the purpose of analyzing general utilization and consciousness regarding admixtures through a survey in Eskisehir, Turkey. The survey was performed by 153 construction professionals. The questions on reasons for preference of admixtures, sorts of preferred admixtures and dosage, helpful and adverse effects of admixtures, impacts on cost and considered use of admixtures area unit included within the survey.
Varieties of statistical analyses are administrated using SPSS on data obtained. Consistent with results, chemical admixtures are used over 70th of the whole annual concrete production. The initial expectation of the participants within the use of the admixtures is to boost the properties of the recent concrete.
to boot, the foremost preferred admixtures are plasticizers. the following sorts of admixtures are
VOLUME: 09, Issue 06, Paper id-IJIERM-IX-VI, December 2022 89 agents moving the setting time of
concrete. Though the participants' interest to using chemical admixtures is extremely exceptional, the awareness on this subject is extremely deficient. The similar studies can be suggested to use a lot of comprehensively.
Professionals, at any level within the construction sector, got to learn about the accurate consumption of those agents so as to avoid inappropriate results.
3. Alonso et al. (2015)
C3A is the most extremely reactive phase in clinker and also the one with the best affinity for superplasticiser admixtures. The quantity of C3A in cement, the sulfate content in the medium and also the kind and quantity of admixture mostly confirm paste, mortar and concrete rheology.
Several unknowns remain, however, around the result of SP structure on admixture adsorption onto (cubic or orthorhombic) C3A polymorphs. Isotherms were found for polycarboxylate ether and naphthalene-based admixture adsorption onto artificial cubic and orthorhombic C3A to work out that result, given their totally different structure and nature. The impact of sulfates on adsorption was conjointly explored. The conclusion drawn was that admixture structure nd sulphate content in the media was the factors with the best impact on adsorption onto isometric C3A. Orthorhombic C3A
was determined to react more intensely to the presence of sulphate and consequently to have less affinity for the admixtures. In the presence of soluble sulfates the addition of superplasticisers was shown to retard the looks of the most cubic-C3A calorimetric signal more effectively when admixture- sulfate competition was more intense. The presence of SP admixtures has no impact on the peak heat flow time in orthorhombic-C3A hydration. The affinity of this polymorph for sulfates is thus high that admixture adsorption is much smaller than ascertained in cubic- C3A. Therefore, the SPs have a scant effect on orthorhombic-C3A hydration.
4. Sotiriadis et al.(2013)
Two factors that affect concrete’s durability were investigated, as well as the effect of the mineral admixtures used, additionally because the effects of chlorides on concrete’s deterioration as a result of the thaumasite kind of sulphate attack. Concrete specimens were prepared with Portland sedimentary rock cement in addition as by replacing a precise quantity of sedimentary rock cement with natural pozzolana, fly ash, blast furnace slag or metakaolin. The specimens were immersed in 2 corrosive solutions (chloride–sulfate; sulfate),and hold on at 5 ± 1 C. Visual scrutiny of the specimens, mass lineaments
VOLUME: 09, Issue 06, Paper id-IJIERM-IX-VI, December 2022 90 and compressive strength tests
took place for twenty-four months.
The partial replacement of rock cement with mineral admixtures retards and inhibits concrete’s deterioration. In the case of rock cement concrete without mineral admix- tures, chlorides mitigate the corrosive result of sulfates.
Concerning concrete containing mineral admixtures, the concomitant presence of chlorides amplifies the detrimental effect of sulfates and ends up in a worse level of damage.
5. Wang et al.(2012)
The possibility of using steel slag and coarse blast furnace slag (GBFS) as a alloyed mineral admixture for concrete is investigated. The results show that GBFS can weaken the negative effects of steel slag on the properties of concrete, like decrease of the strength and introduction of harmful pores. The steel slag–GBFS blended mineral admixture containing 30–50% steel slag can enable the mortar to possess a satisfactory strength.
Steel slag has a wonderful ability to retard the setting time, decrease hydration heat, and improve the fluidity of concrete scrutiny with GBFS. The mixed mineral admixture composed of 500th steel slag and 50% GBFS is more efficient than fly ash in decreasing the early association heat of binder. Steel slag and GBFS are reciprocally complementary in
several properties, and a perfect blended mineral admixture that endows the concrete satisfactory strength, long setting time, low hydration heat, and sensible fluidity is obtained by compounding steel slag and GBFS at proper ratios.
6. Cheung et al.(2011)
In this paper the impact on association of many categories of chemicals is reviewed with a stress on the current understanding of interactions with cement chemistry. These embody setting retarders, accelerators, and water reducing dispersants. The flexibility of the chemicals to change the aluminates–sulfate balance of cementations systems is mentioned with a spotlight on the impact on silicate association. As a key example of this complex interaction, uncommon behavior typically ascertained in systems containing high Ca fly ash is highlighted.
3. EXPERIMENTATION
Present section tells about the test procedures used in the present research work, the details of which are presented in upcoming sections.
3.1 Compressive Test
The compressive strength of hardened cement is the most important of all the properties.
Therefore, it is not surprising that the cement is always tested for its
VOLUME: 09, Issue 06, Paper id-IJIERM-IX-VI, December 2022 91 strength at the laboratory before
the cement is used in important works. Strength tests are not made on neat cement paste because of difficulties of excessive shrinkage and subsequent cracking of neat cement. Figure 3.1 shows a compressive testing machine.
Figure 3.1 Compressive testing Machine
3.2 Slump Cone Test
The word ―workability‖ or workable concrete signifies much wider and deeper meaning than the other terminology
―consistency‖ often used loosely for workability. Consistency is a general term to indicate the degree of fluidity or the degree of mobility.
The factors helping concrete to have more lubricating effect to reduce internal friction for helping easy compaction are given below:
(a) Water Content (b) Mix Proportions (c) Size of Aggregates (d) Shape of Aggregates (e) Surface Texture of Aggregate (f) Grading of Aggregate (g) Use of Admixtures.
Slump test is the most commonly used method of measuring consistency of concrete which can be employed either in laboratory or at site of work. It is not a suitable method for very wet or very dry concrete. It does not measure all factors contributing to workability, nor is it always representative of the placability of the concrete.
The pattern of slump is shown in Fig. It indicates the characteristic of concrete in addition to the slump value. If the concrete slumps evenly it is called true slump. If one half of the cone slides down, it is called shear slump. In case of a shear slump, the slump value is measured as the difference in height between the height of the mould and the average value of the subsidence.
4 CONCLUSION
Present research work is based on effect of natural admixtures on the performance of concrete. For this purpose a M30 concrete was prepared in association of different admixtures, Jiggery, Sugar and Starch, and different tests, Slump cone test, Compaction test (with and without artificial plasticizer) and Compression test (7 days, 14 days and 28 days) were performed on the samples along with the sample of M30, and finally rankings of admixtures were carried out. Following are the results obtained.
1. Jiggery scores rank 1 on the different criteria;
VOLUME: 09, Issue 06, Paper id-IJIERM-IX-VI, December 2022 92 2. Sugar scores rank 2 on the
different criteria; and
3. Starch scores rank 3 on the different criteria.
REFERENCES
1. Cheung, J., Jeknavorian, A., Roberts, L., & Silva, D. (2011).
Impact of admixtures on the hydration kinetics of Portland cement. Cement and concrete research, 41(12), 1289-1309.
2. Sotiriadis, K., Nikolopoulou, E., Tsivilis, S., Pavlou, A., Chaniotakis, E., & Swamy, R. N. (2013). The effect of chlorides on the thaumasite form of sulfate attack of limestone cement concrete containing mineral
admixtures at low
temperature. Construction and Building Materials, 43, 156-164.
3. Plank, J., Sakai, E., Miao, C. W., Yu, C., & Hong, J. X. (2015). Chemical admixtures—Chemistry,
applications and their impact on concrete microstructure and durability. Cement and Concrete Research, 78, 81-99.
4. Alonso, M. M., & Puertas, F. (2015).
Adsorption of PCE and PNS superplasticisers on cubic and orthorhombic C3A. Effect of sulfate. Construction and Building Materials, 78, 324-332.
5. Wang, Q., Yan, P., & Mi, G. (2012).
Effect of blended steel slag–GBFS mineral admixture on hydration and strength of cement. Construction and building materials, 35, 8-14.
6. Albayrak, G., Canbaz, M., &
Albayrak, U. (2015). Statistical analysis of chemical admixtures usage for concrete: a survey of eskisehir city, turkey. Procedia engineering, 118, 1236-1241.
