View of FUTURE PROSPECTS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION

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VOLUME: 09, Special Issue 04, (IC-SPIPS-2022), Paper id-IJIERM-IX-IV, May 2022 10

FUTURE PROSPECTS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION Hema Bhardwaj

Assistant Professor, St. Paul Institute of Professional Studies, Indore, MP

Abstract - Artificial Intelligence in the form of computer & related technology is transitioning to web-based education system. This future online intelligent education system includes use of embedded computer systems, machine learning, smart technology, and use of humanoid robots; web-based chat bots etc. The instructors can perform administrative functions such as reviewing the answers or assignments and grading them more effectively and efficiently. The point is not to replace the teachers but to upgrade the traditional teaching methods with the latest technology. The ultimate aim is to make the education system function independently or with minimal intervention of human being. It also targets achieving a better quality in the teaching activities. AI can definitely improve the educational experience by promoting the learning culture in a modern and better way fostering the uptake and retention of students. The overall quality of learning and learners experience can be improved due to the systems leverage machine learning and adaptability, customized content and curriculum and personalized students’ needs. This study focuses on the extensive adoption of AI in education in its different forms. It also discusses about the development of new teaching-learning solutions under different situation and the ways educational goals can be better achieved with the help of technology. The paper tries to find out that how the use of AI has impacted the different aspects of education. The study seeks to access the effect of AI on teaching, learning, administrative and management areas of education. The research paper tries to ascertain that the use of AI improves the educational system by fostering efficiency and effectiveness in the performance of educational tasks as administration, instruction and learning through application of a smart AI educational model.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Education System, Web-based Education, Embedded Computer System, Humanoid Robots, AI Educational Model.

1. INTRODUCTION

The smart technology of artificial intelligence has intervened in almost all areas of our lives.

AI is a thriving technology and its impact can be seen transforming various aspects of our social interaction. AI is entering in every sphere of our activity making the computers and machines intelligent to perceive from their surroundings, to show problem solving and decision-making skill. Artificial intelligence is a field that studies the development and result from the machines and computers having human-like intelligence. This artificial intelligence is characterized by learning ability, adaptability, decision-making skill, cognitive capability and so on. Most of the industries, from manufacturing to entertainment, are being revolutionized by the prospects of AI through the smart solutions and the process of implementing the solutions. The effect can be seen in education industry also.

In the process of education, performance of students and teachers are evaluated on various criteria. Students are evaluated on the basis of learning speed, discipline, obedience, creativity, participation and so on. The most important evaluation is the exams conducted to check the knowledge and the marks/grades received by the students showing their understanding. The teachers, busy with the other professional tasks, find it difficult to measure the other aspects of the students. Students getting grades on paper, hardly use their knowledge and skills inn actual. Thus the focus of students and teachers get deviated.

The learning and teaching model keep changing with time.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

Study of already existing research works for the application of artificial intelligence was done. Articles published about the use of modern computer technology in the field of education were read and understood. Some of these papers and articles are explained as follows:

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Carvalho, Maldonado, Yi-Shan Tsai, & Markauskaite (2022) explored the improvements in computing and artificial intelligence algorithms to automate the decisions in context with education. The educational field faces the challenges to support young generation and develop their capabilities. The paper studies the role of AI in education for the mentioned purpose. The paper also stated that there should be the contribution of both instructors and learners into designing the smart AI education system.

Jinhee Kim, Hyunkyung Lee & Young Hoan Cho (2022) tell about the challenges faced while collaboration of AI with learning techniques. The study aims to find out the perspective of teachers curriculum design, interaction of students with AI, the required environment for AI-student collaboration etc. This study tries to find out a more holistic approach with respect to implication of AI in education policies and instructional design leading to improvement of learning process.

Himani Sharma, Taiwo Soetan, Temitope Farinlove, Emmanuel Mogaii &

Miguel De Freitas Noite (February, 2022) researched and found that artificial intelligence in education is the most prominent development in higher education. They explained that adoption and application of AI for educational purposes has constantly increased. The paper explains that hoe the universities are adopting AI into their system and are benefiting from the same.

Pokrivcakova Silvia (2019) explained the status of foreign language education influenced by the use of modern computer technologies. This research paper also focuses on the incorporation of artificial intelligence in the education sector. It tells about the use of information technology as artificial intelligence, machine learning, data mining, natural language processing, adaptive learning, neural network into learning and its impact.

3. AI IN EDUCATION

According to Research and Markets, the market for AI in education is expected to grow 47.77% by 2022. The use of AI in learning process is done in following ways:

1. Acclimation: By accepting today’s technology in the form of internet, latest computers, smart phones, projectors and other gadgets as a part of education, youth can be given better education.

2. Automation: The simple tasks such as evaluation, classification of digital assets, scheduling etc can automated. This is how teachers can increase their interacting time with students.

3. Delineation: Analytics through AI can help to identify trends, draw key markers and develop an effective classroom giving a digital transformation.

4. Integration: Intelligent technology and managed IoT network can be integrated to give appropriate solutions in the process of teaching.

5. Personalizing Learning: AI can be used in an intelligent system as a tutor (Adaptive Tutor) involving student’s dialogue, question answers or feedback. Learning material can be provided in pace and sequence to guide the students. This system is capable of meeting the special needs of a student by recognizing the student.

6. Identification: Identifying important learners’ areas can be done through adaptive AI solutions. Access control and security features are used to handle the formation problem.

AI can be best used as a digital platform for teaching subjects, taking exams and student feedback. The platforms can also be used to give new challenges to the student, redirecting them to the required new concepts and identifying knowledge gaps. AI application can create an individual curriculum for the specific needs of the students. It allows students to access the classes from any remote locations. A feature can also be added in AI to translate the teacher's presentation into other language as chosen by the student. It’s also a benefit for hearing or visually impaired students or students absent due to some reason. AI features allows students to study a subject that is not in curriculum, by accessing global classes.

4. THE SMART AI EDUCATION MODEL

In the smart AI education system, learner model is there to improve independent learning.

The learning process generates the behavior data of learners. The learning abilities are

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assessed by analyzing the thinking and creative capabilities of learners, finally mapping the knowledge analysis. The model has a connection between learning results and factors as resources, learning materials and teaching behavior. The model combines learner model and teaching model to access knowledge field enabling instructors to use teaching strategies and actions. Here education evolves; expecting learners to seek for help and take actions. User interface includes input media as voice, text to tell the learners’ performance and provides output as figures, texts. The advanced AI-related features are also included as speech recognition, natural language interaction and emotion detection.

5. INTELLIGENT EDUCATION TECHNOLOGIES

Learning analytics, machine learning, psychometrics of statistics, and data mining are closely related technologies in this AI Education model.

a. Machine Learning

Machine learning deals with knowledge discovery, parsing based on sampling data and generating meaningful patterns. It can help in creating the recommendations for students to select courses or universities by matching students’ aspirations and preferences.

Machine learning is also used to help instructors in explaining the concepts to the students and getting feedback from them. Education system is improved by the use of student’s cumulative records, assessment, result generation procedure and constant up gradation of course material. The technique of deep learning which is a sub field of machine learning uses inductive logic programming, decision tree learning, reinforcement learning and Bayesian networks to make the model more efficient.

b. Learning Analytics

The purpose of learning analytics is to improve education method according to the ability &

need of learners by providing instructional content and feedback, using visualization, semantics and data sciences. The data generated from the students can be used to find useful insights and predict critical competencies for the institutes. It helps to classify the students, predicting their dropping out possibility, alarming the institutes to take actions.

The use of learning analytics is constantly increasing to support, institutions, administrators, instructors and students.

c. Data Mining

The generation of automated responses and systematic comes under data mining aiming development of inherent association rules and offering knowledge based objects to students for their personal needs. For example, to predict a student’s future performance using regression method of machine learning, his demographic characteristic data along with grading data can be analyzed. The predictive modeling and pattern discovery of data mining can help to extract hidden knowledge leading instructors to adjust and improve curriculum and teaching method. It also leads students to get personalized learning allowing them to choose the courses, pace and method of study.

6. ROLE OF AI IN EDUCATION

Artificial Intelligence in Education

Learning 1. Identifying the learning shortcomings at the early stage.

2. Recommending the selection of course and universities.

3. Predicting the career path by gathering student data.

4. Applying intelligent adaptive intervention to detect students’

learning.

Instruction 1. Analyzing the course material and syllabus for customized content.

2. Allowing supportive collaboration and instructions beyond the classroom.

3. Formulating teaching method based and lesson plans on personal data.

Administration 1. Making the administrative tasks as grading the exams,

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VOLUME: 09, Special Issue 04, (IC-SPIPS-2022), Paper id-IJIERM-IX-IV, May 2022 13 providing feedback, easy and fast.

2. Identifying preferences and learning styles of students.

3. Assisting instructors in data driven decision support work.

4. Providing timely assignments and feedback to students.

7. ARCHITECTURE OF SMART AI SYSTEM IN EDUCATION

The use learning, processing with the help of artificial intelligence and complex algorithms has increased worldwide. There are potential benefits along with the risks and opportunities. The major trends in Smart AI System are adaptive learning, pedagogical agents, intelligent tutor systems, smart classroom technologies.

Architecture of Smart AI System a. Intelligent Tutor System

This smart tutor system is a system to mimic individual learning humans. It helps the teachers to make didactic or pedagogical strategies and diagnose accurately the knowledge of the students and motivate them to choose learning goals and activities according to their need.

The components of the model:

• Domain model to store the knowledge securely.

• A pedagogical approach for professional training strategy for effective education.

• The student model characterized by activities of students to evaluate students’ skills, emotions, views, feedback or motivation.

• Interface to communicate with the users through dialogue written in natural language. It can be written either in natural language through dialogue.

b. Pedagogical Agents

Pedagogical agent is an integrated learning technology that includes virtual or digital characters, incorporating the emotional, social and motivational part of learning and interacting with students. A virtual character or image can be seen on the screen resembling people, animal or object. PA can be an encapsulated robot that interacts with students into physical classrooms. The emotions – frustration, boredom etc of the students can be recognized with this technique. The technology that is still in use as Siri in Apple, Clippy in MS Office virtual assistance, can be made more specific with narrow range of subjects and used into smart educational model.

c. Smart Classroom & Learning Environment

The use of ‘Internet of Things’ or IoT makes the classrooms and schools smart. The growing use of sensors, devices with technology to collect and transmit data can be seen and utilized into education system. Smart classrooms may include technology rich space with wireless connectivity, virtual learning platforms, digital devices, multifunctional physical space to teach and learn. Microphones, cameras, motion sensors, smart glasses, smart

Pedagogical Agents

Adaptive Learning

Management &

Administrative System Learning

Analytics Intelligent

Tutor System

Smart Classroom

& Learning Environment

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watches, medical monitoring devices are few devices that can be improvised for the educational purpose. Such system may include the observation of facial expression, body posture and hand movements of the teachers and students.

c. Learning Analytics & Adaptive Learning

Adaptive teaching and learning refers to an interface on demand according to the needs of learning, changing curriculum, complexities of teaching etc. In adaptive learning, algorithms are developed to determine the adaption conditions for the learning environment. These algorithms are then used to focus on the behavior, achievements and learning preferences of students. Learning Analytics uses data analysis with the support of artificial intelligence. It also uses human judgment to support automated analysis. A training table is made with this analysis aiming the development in skills and the conditions to make people’s decision in learning process better.

8. OBJECTIVE

1. To observe and study the impact of AI on education.

2. To access the future use and prospects of artificial intelligence in the field of teaching – learning process.

3. To find out the evolution of AI and its implementation into the education system through an intelligent AI model.

4. To formulate the role of AI in administration task along with instruction and learning process.

5. To explores and explains the actual effects of AI on the learners and the whole educations system.

9. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY a. Research Design

According to the framed objectives of the research, a detailed study has been done through a survey to explore the impact of smart technology and artificial intelligence on education.

The study included certain questions to gather the view of learners and trainers helping to provide the best possible application and implementation of sensor based gadgets AI technology in the study process. The design includes an online survey and the analysis of the responses on MAXQDA.

b. Procedure and Sample

Since the present research helps to find out the evolution of AI on the education system, it is an exploratory research. The purpose of this research is to study the future prospects of artificial intelligence. Study is based on online survey done on participants and their responses. The survey instrument that was circulated online was administered as Google Forms. 79 participants from the education system took part in this online survey out of which 38 were teachers and 41 were students.

10. TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION

This research adopted a modern method to collect the data for the study and analysis. In the absence any standard questionnaire, a self-framed questionnaire was used to collect the data required for the given purpose. The opinion collected from the students and the teachers was the base of the analysis.

11. DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT

Since the data collection tool was an online, open structured survey, some open questions were given by the researcher to get valuable input. The aim was to determine the perception of participants (students and teachers) about the use of AI in education and the scope to improvise. This survey showed the low-cost and high speed response, making it a convenient mode of data collection. The responses collected were exported to Excel spreadsheets and then imported to MAXQDA for qualitative analysis. An exploration of AI and its actual effects on participants of education system is tried to be analyzed with this qualitative research study.

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VOLUME: 09, Special Issue 04, (IC-SPIPS-2022), Paper id-IJIERM-IX-IV, May 2022 15 a. Teachers’ Perception in percentage

b. Students’ Perception in percentage

12. CONCLUSION

The development of computer and related technology can be clearly seen in various sectors.

Now it’s been extensively adopted in education sector with the ability to integrate computer technology in equipments and platforms. The use of humanoid robots, embedded systems

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made the teaching process more effective. The predictive analysis and recommendations to the students made learning more smart and easy. The smart AI model for education system results in improved or richer instructional quality. It also provides students an improved learning experience through customization and personalization of courses, syllabus or methods. Overall, AI has a major impact on education sector, especially, on areas as administration, instruction, and learning.

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