VOLUME: 10, Special Issue 02, (IC-IMAF-2023) Paper id-IJIERM-X-II, January 2023 31
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA (GILOY) AND ITS COMBINATIONS WITH OTHER HERBS
Archana Sharma1,Neha Sengar2 and Sonali Sharma3
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Chemistry, Shri Umiya Kanya Mahavidhalaya Rangwasa Rau, Indore
Abstract - Herbal plants produce a diverse range of bioactive molecules, that are rich source of various types of medicines. Appropriate scientific evidence or evaluation has become the criteria for acceptance of herbal health claims. In this study we refer to the Ayurvedic preparation Giloy satva. Also known as (Tinospora cordifolia linn. known as Guduchi). Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) is a herbaceous vine widely used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for its well-known property of no side effects as compared to other drugs. All the parts of the plant are very useful due to the presence of different chemical compounds. Various powerful phytochemicals are found in this herb including tinosponone, tinocordiside, cordifoliside etc. which are belong to class of alkaloids, sisquiterpenoids, glycosides, steroids volatile oil etc. Due to the presence of these potent compounds it has antipyretic, analgesic, anti- inflammatory antioxidant, antiviral purpose and antidiabetic potential. Giloy also used to treat corona virus disease. It built a strong immunity in human body against COVID-19. The Giloy climbing on the neem tree is preferred more over other. To fight against COVID-19 Giloy is consumed with Ashwagandha, Tulsi, honey etc.
Keywords: Antioxidant; Ayurveda; Giloy; Menispermaceae; Phytochemicals; Tinospora cordifolia.
1 INTRODUCTION
Natural products with medicinal value are gradationally gaining significance in clinical exploration. T. cordifolia generally named as “Guduchi” is known for its immense operation in the treatment of various diseases in the traditional ayurvedic literature. Tinospora cordifoli a(Thunb.) Miers has long been a part of Ayurvedic drug in India. This imperishable, herbaceous vine belongs to the family Menispermaceae with numerous common names viz., Giloy, Guduchi, Gurcha, Amrita or heart- leaved moonseed[1]. Giloy is a large climbing shrub with stretched twining branches spreading extensively. The Giloy species is distributed in India up to 1200 m in tropical region from Kumaon to Assam, in north extending through West Bengal, Bihar, in Decan Kankan, Karnataka and Kerala. The dried upstanding roots are light grey brown or white in color, delicate odorless and bitter taste. A special feature is the presence of wiry aerial roots arising from the branches. Stems are rather succulent, delicate white to grey, deeply cleft, papery and pores( lenticels). Leaves are simple, alternate, cordate- ovate, and veritably thin with long splint stalks bulged at the base and apex.
Fruits are of three shortly stalked subglobose drupes, scarlet colored when ripe. The Giloy plant flowers during the summer and fruits during the winter. It is known to be an amazing medicinal property and its benefits and also approved by FDA. Leaves of this plant is roughly 10-15 cm long, green in color but over mature leaves are yellowish green in color.
Leaves are rich in protein, calcium and phosphorous [2]. Giloy sticks are being recommended by number of ayurvedic institution as an immunity booster against COVID-19. One of the institution in India which work in the field of Ayurveda is Patanjali Ayurveda who developed a drug called as “Coronil” the major ingredient in coronil drug is Giloy, Ashwagandha, Tulsi [3].
These plants are still extensively used as ethnomedicine around the world.
Presently, one-half of the pharmaceuticals company allocated plant origins, very few are them are intended for use as antimicrobials, since we have relied on bacterial and fungal sources of these activities [4]. From time immemorial, man depends on plants for drug. T.
cordifolia a medicinal plant is mostly found in the Asian subcontinent including India, Nepal, Bangladesh Malaysia etc. Antioxidant properties were also studied to treat most diseases and to long time storage stability of foods [5].The antimicrobial properties and cytotoxic activity of T. cordifolia has been estimated in its crude methanolic extract, Petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform extract [6]. T. cordifolia is one of the
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most important plants used in indigenous system of drug. T. cordifolia is a useful medicinal plant; it has good impacts on health, prolongs life, enhances memory, and improves the quality of voice and fertility.
2 MEDICINAL PROPERTIES
T. cordifolia is extensively used in traditional Ayurvedic drug in India. It has shown great potential for the development of biopharmaceutical products for the treatment of various diseases [7]. It also works as immunomodulator, Hepatosuppression, Anti-allergic, Anti- pyretic, Anti-HIV, Anti-diabetic, Anti-cancer, Anti-Toxic, Anti- Asthmatic, Anti-malaria etc.
The Giloy plant has great potential for developing useful medicine. The leaves extract of Giloy have shown anti- HIV activities [8].Giloy is a tonic and has alterative, diuretic, and aphrodisiac properties. It is used in malarial and chronic fever. It is also a liver tonic.
Studies have reported different medicinal properties of the plant, including antispasmodic, antidiabetic, anti-arthritic, antiperiodic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antistress, anti- allergic, antimalarial, hepatoprotective, antileprotic, antineoplastic, and immunomodulatory activities [9].Therefore , it can be said that biological extract from this plant will certainly useful in protecting and treating various viral diseases in humans. Guduchi is also used in treatment of inflamed and injured mucous membrane in the digestive track. It protects stomach and duodenum by increasing the production of mucin. The biological extract of this plant certainly be helpful in protecting and treating various viral diseases in humans such as in treatment of chronic fever, diarrhea, cancer, Jaundice, dysentery, bone fracture, pain, asthma, skin diseases, snack bite, poisonous, insects, eye disorder.
2.1 Phytochemistry and Nutritional Composition
Giloy is rich in nutrition like Vitamins, Iron, Calcium, carbohydrates, Fiber, proteins, and other essential elements [10]The whole plant of T.Cordifolia is a rich source of nutrition and essential macro-micro-nutrients and several phytochemicals[11].The nutraceutical agents present in plant are responsible for its renowned immunomodulation, hepato- defensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti– spasmodic, memory boosting properties[12]. Giloy contain high fiber (15.8%), Proteins (4.5-11.5%), mcCarbohydrates (61.66%), Low fat (3.1%), Nutritive value of Giloy is 292.54, Calories per 100mg[13]. Beside its therapeutic properties the plant also provide multiple essential mineral such as potassium (0.845%), Chromium (0.006%), Iron (0.28), calcium (0.131%)[8]. A variety of constituents have been isolated from T.cordifolia plants (Giloy) like as alkaloids, diterpenoids, Lactones, glycoside, organic compound polysaccharide, steroids like tinosporine, tinosporide, tinosporaside cordifolia, cordifol heptacosanol, tinosporidine[14]. All most all parts of plants are utilizes in ayurvedic formulation; fresh plant is more beneficial than dried plant. The stem extract of T.cordifolia are safe used for 8 weeks in proper storage condition. The most chemical constituents of Giloy plant are berberine mostly utilized in the treatment of cancer. The fresh stem bark yield giloin, gilonin, gilosterol, hypoglycemia agent and phenolic lignin have also been isolated from this plant[15].
2.2 Benefits of Giloy
There are various active constituents of Giloy plant obtained from various parts of plant like leaves, stem, roots etc. the different constitution are used to treat various diseases. It‟s a multipurpose plant and its different dosage form are used for various purpose[16].
2.3 Immunomodulator Activities
Drinking fresh giloy juice helps to enhance immunity. It enhances the activities of macrophages (The cells responsible for fighting foreign bodies as well as micro- organisms) and thus helps in early recovery[7]. A large variety of compound which are responsible for immunomodulator are cytotoxic effect are 11-hydroxy muskatone, N- methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-formylannanain cordifolioside, A. magnoflorine tinocordioside and syringing[15]. T. cordifolia or Giloy is an effective anti-ageing herb it helps in reducing fine line, wrinkles and age spots [13].Rich in flavonoids, it fight against cell damage.
Alcoholic extract of Giloy initiate new cell growth. The effect of T. cordifolia in cardioprotective is dose dependent; as dose increases the extract show increases effect, as
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reflected by progressive decrease in plasma calcium and sodium level and increase in potassium level. Methanolic extract of stem of tinospora has reported anti-oxidants activities by increasing the erythrocytes membrane lipids peroxide and catalase activity.
It also decrease the activity of SOD[16]. T. cordifolia show antibacterial activity mainly its methanolic extract. Current study suggested those anti-microbial properties of giloy satva may be due to the presence of chemical compound like alkaloids, berberine and glucoside giloin[17]. Giloy can also be beneficial for people with HIV and other autoimmune diseases. Drinking Giloy root extract has shown significant effect in modulating the system positively in HIV positive patient[18]. Recent studies published in
„Indian journal of pharmacology” stated that, 60% of HIV patient who received Giloy treatment reported a decrease in diseases and related symptoms and 20 percent who received placebo treatment. This study suggests that Giloy may improve the immune system of patient with HIV[19].
T. cordifolia (Giloy) shows anti-cancer activities, this activity is usually shown in animal model. Root extract of Giloy has been shown radio-protective role due to extensively increases in weight, tissue weight, tubular diameter[6].The stem of this (Giloy) plant is generally used to cure Diabetic type 2, its hypoglycemic properties used to cure diabetics by regulating level of blood glucose. Giloy also improve the future cellouse insulin sensitivities that helps to manage diabetes well[21-22]. The root extract of this plant has been reported to possess anti-diabetic properties which decreases the level of glycosylated hemoglobin hydroperoxide and vitamin E[16]. Leaf extract of T. cordifolia reported to possess alpha- glycosidase inhibitor, characterized as somonarin was found to be also significant anti-oxidants and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities[20-21].
2.4 Giloy combination Utilized in Treatment of Coronavirus
Giloy climbing shrubs is known for its remarkable medicinal properties. As Giloy is a climbing plant so it is cultivated with Neem, Ashwagandha, Tulsi, etc. When Giloy shrub gets older it absorbed the nutrients and other chemical compound. Due to the combination the Giloy enhance its effectiveness and medicinal properties.
2.5 Neem with Giloy
The Giloy grow on neem are preferred more as compared to other medicinal plant. Neem Giloy is highly recommended to cure diseases associated with to weak immunity system, inflammation, and impure blood in the body. Giloy has Anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory properties and its blood purification properties may help to treat cancer has been scientifically proven[22].
2.6 Ashwagandha with Giloy
Ashwagandha is therapeutic herb that, when combined with Giloy can helps in the effectively treat severe viral infection. Giloy stem extract is recommended for diseases like coronavirus, swine flu, etc[23]. Giloy sticks are beneficial in treating coronavirus by stopping and growth virus that causes infection in the body. The powerful natural phytochemicals present in the herb help prevents COVID-19 entering into host cells. During this way, it helps to restraint the COVID-19 infection. It is often a simple herb that has been scientifically proven and tested to develop the immunity of a person. The presence of a powerful compound in Ashwagandha as “withanone” increases a persons‟s, stamina agility, energy. It acts as defensive against bacterial- borne diseases, stress, and inflammatory conditions naturally[24] .
2.7 Tulsi with Giloy
Giloy when combined with Tulsi, helps to balance pitta, strengthen the lungs, and heal respiratory ailments with in the body. It strengthens the immune system and effectively cures jaundice, seasonal viral infections, bowel disease, constipation, ingestion, urinary disorders, etc in the body[25] .
Diabetic can take Giloy as an alternative treatment with prescribed diabetic meditation and frequent monitoring of the blood sugar level. These would be adjust or change the medication prescribed to diabetics to prevent the side effect of hypoglycemic[26].
VOLUME: 10, Special Issue 02, (IC-IMAF-2023) Paper id-IJIERM-X-II, January 2023 34 2.8 Home remedy preparation of Giloy juice
Take the fresh stem of Giloy plant quite or adequate to 1 feet. Cut into small pieces into 3 to 4 equal parts. Grind the pieces and add into water roughly 1 liter. You will add Tulsi leaves, Ashwagandha etc. Boil the mixture on low flame till 250 ml water remain, out of 1 liter. Let the mixture get cool (i.e. not hot not cool). Filter the mixture and drink morning empty stomach for the higher action. This juice are often drink 3 times each day.
3 CONCLUSION
The main purpose of this review was to document the various medicinal properties because the phytochemistry, nutritional composition, benefits of (Giloy), T. cordifolia. Giloy is a treasure of home remedies. T.cordifolia (Giloy) is also available in powder, juices supplements. Any of this might use for consumption. It exploited the phytochemistry, benefits like as immunity booster, chronic fever, antiasthma, anti-arthritis, anti-aging, Hepatoprotective, antioxidant etc. Giloy climber prorogated with neem tree enhances the steadiness and productivity of the plant. Neem Giloy is essentially advised for the cure of illnesses. It exploited different types of Giloy and their homemade medicinal preparation.
Giloy Sticks are being recommended by number of Ayurveda institutions as an immunity booster against COVID- 19. Therefore, this review focuses on clinical application and its conservation strategies in order that the plant are often conserved for future generations and utilized as alternative medicine and also to design various pharmacologically important drugs.
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