ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING Available Online:www.ajeee.co.in Vol.02, Issue 07, July 2017, ISSN -2456-1037 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) UGC APPROVED NO. 48767
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A CONCEPT OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
AMIT KUMAR CHANDANAN
Ass. Prof., Department Of Computer Science & Engineering, Hitkarini College Of Engineering And Technology (HCET) Jabalpur
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HISTORY
Many of the techniques of digital image processing, or digital picture processing as it was often called, were developed in the 1960s at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, MIT, Bell Labs, University of Maryland, and a few other places, with application to satellite imagery, wire photo standards conversion, medical imaging, videophone, character recognition, and photo enhancement. But the cost of processing was fairly high with the computing equipment of that era. In the 1970s, digital image processing proliferated, when cheaper computers and dedicated hardware became available.
Images could then be processed in real time, for some dedicated problems such as television standards conversion.
As general-purpose computers became faster, they started to take over the role of dedicated hardware for all but the most specialized and compute- intensive operations. With the fast computers and signal processors available
in the 2000s, digital image processing has become the most common form of image processing, and is generally used because it is not only the most versatile method, but also the cheapest. Digital image processing technology for medical applications was inducted into the Space Foundation Space Technology Hall of Fame in 1994.
TASKS
Digital image processing allows the use of much more complex algorithms for image processing, and hence can offer both more sophisticated performance at simple tasks, and the implementation of methods which would be impossible by analogy means.
In particular, digital image processing is the only practical technology for:
• Classification
• Feature extraction
• Pattern recognition
• Projection
• Multi-scale signal analysis
Some techniques which are used in digital image processing include:
• Pixelization
• Linear filtering
• Principal components analysis
• Independent component analysis
• Hidden Markov models
• Partial differential equations
• Self-organizing maps
• Neural networks
• Wavelets
APPLICATIONS DIGITAL CAMERA IMAGES
Digital cameras generally include dedicated digital image processing chips to convert the raw data from the image sensor into a colour-corrected image in a standard image file format. Images from digital cameras often receive further
ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING Available Online:www.ajeee.co.in Vol.02, Issue 07, July 2017, ISSN -2456-1037 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) UGC APPROVED NO. 48767
2 processing to improve their quality, a distinct advantage digital cameras have over film cameras. The digital image processing is typically done by special software programs that can manipulate the images in many ways. Many digital cameras also enable viewing of histograms of images, as an aid for the photographer to better understand the rendered brightness range of each shot.
FURTHER READING
• Wilhelm Burger and Mark J. Burge (2007).
Digital Image Processing: An Algorithmic Approach Using Java [2]. Springer. ISBN 1846283795 and ISBN 3540309403.
• R. Fisher, K Dawson-Howe, A. Fitzgibbon, C. Robertson, E. Trucco (2005). Dictionary of Computer Vision and Image Processing.
John Wiley. ISBN 0-470-01526-8.
• Bernd Jähne (2002). Digital Image Processing. Springer. ISBN 3-540-67754-2.
• Tim Morris (2004). Computer Vision and Image Processing. Palgrave Macmillan.
ISBN 0-333-99451-5.
• Milan Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac and Roger Boyle (1999). Image Processing, Analysis, and Machine Vision. PWS Publishing. ISBN 0-534-95393-X.
EXTERNAL LINKS
• Tutorial for image processing (contains a Java applet)
• Image processing algorithms, implementations and demonstrations.
REFERENCES
1. Azriel Rosenfeld, Picture Processing by Computer, New York: Academic Press, 1969
2. "Space Technology Hall of Fame:
Inducted Technologies/1994" (http:/ / www. spacetechhalloffame. org/
inductees_1994_Digital_Image_Process ing. html). Space Foundation. 1994. . Retrieved 7 January 2010.
3. A Brief, Early History of Computer Graphics in Film (http:/ / www. bean blossom. in. us/ larryy/ cgi. html), Larry Yaeger, 16 Aug 2002 (last update), retrieved 24 March 2010 4. http:/ / www. ph. tn. tudelft. nl/
Courses/ FIP/ frames/ fip. html
