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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING
Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal, ISSN NO. 2456-1037 Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE
Vol. 06, Issue 05, May 2021 IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) 199 EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON HYPERLIPIDEMIA (DYSLIPIDEMIA)
Dr. Laxman Singh Gautam
Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, S.S.V. (P.G.) College, Hapur, U.P.
Abstract - Hyperlipidemia, also known as dyslipidemia (means high cholesterol) is the risk of cardiovascular disease, and their relationship is clear. Lowering serum cholesterol can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Currently, the main treatment is taking medicine, however, drug treatment has its limitations. Exercise not only has a positive effect on individuals with dyslipidemia, but can also help improve lipids profile. Therefore, the aim of the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of physical exercise on lipid profile. Two groups i.e. non-exercise and exercise group were taken for investigation.
In exercise group lipid profile significantly improve whereas in non-exercise group lipid profile is not improved. Exercise is considered acceptable method for improving and maintaining the lipid profile. The (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) HDL-C from initial to final stage increased, the (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) LDL-C, VLDL-C and triglycerides (TG) from initial to final stage decreased regularly in exercise group. Exercise leads TG consumed by muscle tissue. So it indicates that exercise is necessary for control the lipid profile.
Keywords: Physical exercise, lipoprotein, HR, SBP, DBP, LDL-C, VLDL-C and triglycerides.
1 INTRODUCTION
Hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia, means you have too many lipids or fats in your blood (high cholesterol). Urbanisation is basic need of human being. Due to urbanisation and modernization lifestyle of human being is change. Department of health and human service (1996) reported that lifestyle improved by physical exercise. The low dose of regular physical exercise is cardio-protective, Manson et al (1999). The response of exercise in women is beneficial, Mc Kechnie et al (2001). The Regular physical activities also associated with HR & BP, Elosua et al (2003). It is investigated that physical activities are beneficial for health, Vogels et al (2004). The exercise reduces body weight and maintained lipid profile, Nazmi et al (2006) and Chang et al (2008). Physical activity related with numerous health parameters, Ian (2010).
Regularly performed aerobic exercises such as walking, jogging, cycling and swimming have positive impact on lipid profile, Kipeos et al (2010). The regular physical activity generally improve blood lipid profile, Escalante et al (2012) and Antonia et al (2014). Physical exercise has antiatherogenic effects because of its potential benefits on blood pressure level, glucose tolerance, bodyweight and composition plasma lipid and lipoprotein
metabolism, Mishra (2014). Exercise control the lipid metabolism, Valimaki et al (2016). The duration and intensity of the exercise might be efficient on blood lipid profile. So the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of physical exercise on lipid profile and health parameter.
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Exercise group done physical exercise according to 5 BX plan 11 minutes a day plan which is used in Royal Canadian Air Force to determine and improve physical fitness of their personals, Orban (1950).
The lipid profile of both the groups recorded at initial day=1 day, 60, 120, 180 days respectively. The blood samples of these two groups were taken in the morning. In these samples estimation of lipid profile was done by Wybenga et al (1970). The health benefit of both groups also recorded. All the observations statistically evaluated. The blood samples of both the groups collected. The lipid profile i.e. Total-C, VLDL-C, LDL-C, HDL- C and TG of the blood samples was estimated. The estimation of lipid profile value expressed as MEAN ±SD. The pair‘t’
test of the samples under observation at 0.05 level of probability i.e.(p<0.05) in both the groups.
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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING
Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal, ISSN NO. 2456-1037 Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE
Vol. 06, Issue 05, May 2021 IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) 200 Table 1 HR and BP of Two Groups
PARAMETERS NON-EXERCISE GROUP EXERCISE GROUP Initial
Day
60 Days
120 Days
180 Days
Initial Day
60 Days
120 Days
180 Days HR
Beats/Min 86.54
± 0.67 86.98
± 0.67 87.76
± 0.68 88.46
± 0.69 85.42
± 0.65 84.92
± 0.59 83.80
± 0.41 83.50
± 0.31 SBP
(mm.Hg) 128.24
± 0.78 128.86
± 0.79 129.54
± 0.80 129.89
± 0.81 127.72
± 0.72 126.94
± 0.69 125.68
± 0.62 124.95
± 0.53 DBP
(mm.Hg)
88.59
± 0.70
88.99
± 0.70
89.68
± 0.71
90.20
± 0.72
87.69
± 0.69
86.56
± 0.68
85.83
± 0.61
85.22
± 0.42 Table 2 Lipid Profile of Two Groups
NON-EXERCISE GROUP EXERCISE GROUP
LIPID PROFILE
Initial Day
60 Days
120 Days
180 Days
Initial Day
60 Days
120 Days
180 Days TOTAL-C
(mg/dl) 221.10
± 0.69 221.98
± 0.70 222.56
± 0.72 223.12
± 0.75 218.81
± 0.65 218.52
± 0.62 217.63
± 0.61 217.01
± 0.60 TG
(mg/dl) 209.12
±0.53 209.89
±0.54 210.67
±0.54 211.43
±0.55 208.10
±0.52 207.76
±0.51 206.92
±0.50 206.13
±0.49 VLDL-C
(mg/dl)
43.15
±0.13
43.48
±0.13
43.89
±0.14
44.12
±0.15
42.62
±0.12
42.12
±0.11
41.33
±0.11
40.87
±0.10 LDL-C
(mg/dl) 118.13
±0.26 118.98
±0.27 119.61
±0.27 120.23
±0.28 116.86
±0.25 115.72
±0.24 115.00
±0.24 114.61
±0.23 HDL-C
(mg/dl) 54.74
±0.35 54.34
±0.35 53.84
±0.34 53.21
±0.33 54.15
±0.35 54.58
±0.35 54.86
±0.36 55.12
±0.37 3 RESULT
The statistical and the analytical values of both the groups i.e. exercise and non- exercise groups presented in table-01 and table-02. In the table 01 HR (beats/min), SBP (mmHg) & DBP (mmHg) of both groups statistically noted. Table-01 shows values of HR at initial and final days 85.42± 0.65 and 83.50± 0.31 respectively in exercise group. Further, these values in non-exercise group at initial and final day 86.54±0.67 & 88.46±0.69 respectively. This data indicates that exercise controlled HR. Table-01 indicates that the SBP and DBP in both groups significantly changed. The SBP value of exercise group statistically lower as compared to non-exercise group. Further, the values of DBP low in exercise group at initial day to final day respectively.
Lipid profile of both the groups estimated and the result given in table- 02. In the table-02 the mean serum level of TC, TG, VLDL-C, LDL-C, HDL-C along with their standard deviation gives at initial day, 60, 120 and 180 days of both the groups. The serum levels of TC and TG in exercise group decreases as compared to non-exercise group. The serum levels of TC and TG in the exercise group decreases as compared to non- exercise group. Further table 02 shows that in exercise group, the values of HDL- C increases from initial to 180 days whereas in non-exercise group these values decreases. However values of LDL-
C from initial to 180 days increases in the non-exercise group and decreases in exercise group respectively. The values of VLDL-C statistically are 43.15± 0.13
&44.12±0.15 at initial and final day in non-exercise group. Further, these values are 42.62±0.12 & 40.87±0.10 at initial and final day in exercise group. Therefore, the result indicate that exercise is significantly important for health parameters.
4 DISCUSSION
In the present study of two groups the significant data of the parameters i.e HR, BP and Lipid profile statistically recorded.
Observations of both i.e. exercise and non-exercise group indicate that HR reduces in exercise group. The exercise control HR, Corti et al (1997) and Freedman et al (2000). In our finding we observe that in non-exercise group values of HR increases statistically and match with the work of Mohan et al (2003) and Crane et al (2005). However in non- exercise group HR is significantly increased assimilar finding also recorded Kumar (2006), Flegal et al (2007) and Alyson et al (2010). The effect of exercises on BP statistically significant in our study. Observations shows that in non- exercise group BP increased from initial day to final day whereas, in exercise group values of BP decreases. The reduction in SBP & DBP in exercise group
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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING
Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal, ISSN NO. 2456-1037 Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE
Vol. 06, Issue 05, May 2021 IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) 201 in our study was consistent with the
study of Rocco et al (2011). Effect of exercise and non-exercise in our study correlate with Li J et al (2012). Exercise leads TG consumed by muscle tissue. The parameters of lipid profile TG, TC, VLDL- C, LDL-C, HDL-C were recorded in both groups. The average decrease in Total-C was 218.18 mg/dl to 217.01 mg/dl in exercise group. Likewise value of TG also decreases. Such finding also reported Nazmi (2012) and Mondal (2014). In non- exercise group mean value of HDL-C decreases statistically 54.74 mg/dl to 53.21 mg/dl whereas in exercise group value of HDL-C increased. Similar finding of exercise on lipid profile also recorded Kumar (2014) and Rathod et al (2015).
Study of exercise group and non-exercise group on the parameters of lipid profile indicate that regular exercise play important role in the health benefits.
Beneficial effects of regular physical exercise increase the level of HDL and decrease the level of TG, TC, VLDL-C, LDL-C. This is also demonstrated by Tiainen et al (2016) and Shuo Ming Ou et al (2017). All the parameters showed a significant change at every reading and the duration of exercise plays important role in the benefit of health and lipid profile.
5 CONCLUSION
The present finding had demonstrated the effect of physical exercise on lipid profile parameters. Positive effect of regular physical exercise on TC, TG, HDL-C, VLDL-C and LDL-C plays significant role.
The changes were found to be remarkable in exercise and non-exercise group. The exercises act as wonderful results on HR, BP and Lipid profile. The HDL-C increases whereas other parameters of lipid profile significantly decreases. For the benefit of health further studies are needed.
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