View of ETHICS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEIN CURRENT ERA

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal, ISSN NO. 2456-1037

Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

Vol. 06, Issue 01,January 2021 IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) 139 ETHICS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEIN CURRENT ERA

Urmita Sharma

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence is a part of Computer Science and it covers wide range with capable of making smart machine which performs the task as typically needs intelligence like human being. In simpler words AI is the intelligence of human which is possessed by Machines mainly a computer system. The major application of Artificial Intelligence includes machine vision, voice recognition, NLPand expert system etc. In this paper the focus is on, the Ethics of AI and the challenges faced by Artificial Intelligence in the current situation.

Keywords: AI (Artificial Intelligence), ML (Machine Learning), NLP (Natural Language Processing)

1. INTRODUCTION

In the Current Era AI is the most trendy topics in the field of Data Science and Information Technology. The development of Machine Learning and NLP is the main goal of AI system. Now a days there is huge demand of AI in almost each and every sector like healthcare, security, finance, economy and defense as well. In simpler way we can say that AI machines capacity to imitate as the same way as human being does. In the Current era the AI is used to find some patterns which are based on statistical data derived from history to make future predictions.

Though AI has changed the vision of human perception at every aspect of life whether it is related to business, societal or academics. There are so many evidences that ML and AI has deep impact on human beings life and on society which is although beneficial. The Artificial Intelligence influenced business lives also but there is reputational risk for business companies.

In the Present Era the AI is important as it provides insights to the business companies for the operations specially when it comes to repetitive task, analysis of various documents and detail task with the help of AI tools.Today’s many successful business company’s are using AI to improve business operations and gain competitive advantage.

simple problem about “right or wrong”,

“good or bad”, and “virtue and vice”. It is not even a problem that can be solved by a small group of people. However, ethical and moral issues related to AI are critical and need to be discussed now. This research aims to call attention to the urgent need for various stakeholders to pay attention to the

ethics and morality of AI systems. While attempting to formulate the ethical Standards for AI and other advanced computing technologies, we will also understand human ethics better, improve the existing ethical principles, and improve our application of ethical principles and moral values in the AI age. Last but not least, this study will contribute to academic progress in the field by figuring out activities academia could do to help train programmers to build ethical AI and build AI ethically, as well as educate potential users of AI to treat artificial general intending and addressing ethical and moral issues related to AI is still in a very early stage. It is not a simple problem about

“right or wrong”, “good or bad”, and

“virtue and vice”. It is not even a problem that can be solved by a small group of people. However, ethical and moral issues related to AI are critical and need to be discussed now. This research aims to call attention to the urgent need for various stakeholders to pay attention to the ethics and morality of AI systems. While attempting to formulate the ethical standards for AI and other advanced computing technologies, we will also understand human ethics better, improve the existing ethical principles, and improve our application of ethical principles and moral values in the AI age. Last but not least, this study will contribute to academic progress in the field by figuring out activities academia could do to help train programmers to build ethical AI and build AI ethically, as well as educate potential users of AI to treat artificial general intelligence.

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Vol. 06, Issue 01,January 2021 IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) 140 1.1 Strong Artificial Intelligence vs.

weak Artificial Intelligence

Broadly AI can be divided into two categories weak AI or strong AI.

 The Weak ArtificialIntelligence, also known as narrow AI,. It is system in which AI is designed and trained to complete a task. Generally virtual assistants&Industrial robots, such as Apple's Siri, are examples that usesweak ArtificialIntelligence.

 Strong ArtificialIntelligence, which is also known as artificial general intelligence (AGI), is programming which describes the ability of human brain and replicate it especially when it comes to task which is unfamiliar.Use of fuzzy logic is an example of Strong AI to apply knowledge to find a solution automatically.

2. RELATED WORK

1.Weiyu et al [1].In this paper authors have focused on the issues of morality and ethics which is caused and raised due to AI. Authors have used qualitative approach and conducted AI experts, labor union representative, programmers, workers, Stakeholders and legislators interviews. The research was based on 2 main questions. First what are the perceived ethical and moral issues with AI and second how can these issues be solved. According to their study they found that ethical and moral issues of AI are critical. Their study has done contribution in the progress of academics and to train programmers so that it will be helpful for them to build ethical AI and treat AGI ethically.

2. Eleanor et al [2]. In this article authors focused with the development of AI and its implementation that deals with the moral question and ethical implications.

In their study authors found that with the development of AI there is complexity and diversity of ethical concern. There are so many issues like degradation of environment, job losses and AI has affected the privacy and also affected the

judging capability and personal relationships.

3. Bernd Carsten et al [3] This paper focused on how organization that deals with AI ethics. The data is collected from 10 case studies. In this article, the discussion is done between ethical issues of AI and mitigation strategies. The cross case analysis is done and divided into categories. They came to conclusion that organization is proactively engaged in ethical issues highly aware of AI ethics.

Using AI shows insights of organization importance and its deployment too.

4. Shuili Duetal [4] in this paper authors has taken 3 key dimensions like multi- functionality, interactivity, and AI intelligence stage. Authors also focused on the adoption and implications of approach that provides ethical analysis of AI at product, Consumer and society. The key factors are identical like consumer privacy, AI biases, individual autonomy, ethical designs and cyber security.

5. Joseph et al [5]. This research is focused to find answer of the question that what kind of awareness does management of Artificial Intelligence company about social impact of its Artificial Intelligence products and services. And according to author the barrier can be overcome. The main question of research is divided in to 5 sub sections with understanding of management in terms of Artificial Intelligence, moral and ethics. Finally the management’s social responsibility regarding Artificial Intelligence system was analyzed and compared.

3. ETHICAL ISSUES OF AI IN BUSINESS 3.1 Biased AI arise from ML: The AI tools provide wider range of functions and features for business. The AI system reinforces only those things which are already learned. So this is the main reason that raises the questions on use of AI in business. This can be problematic as the AI algorithms uses trained data that may be biased as human because they are it generated by human beings.

These affect the AI system to take fair decisions in business operations. It means that they are smart enough only

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Vol. 06, Issue 01,January 2021 IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) 141 that trained data is being fed in the

system.As it is depend on human being that which data should be used to train the AI system program.The AI system which is biased can lead to discrimination. The AI is biased due to mainly 2 things. FirstThe developer without noticing develops thebiased AI algorithm. And Secondlythe previous data which is used to train the algorithm may not be properly and fairly represents the population in context.

3.2 Ethical issue of AI in Digital World The primary set of issue to be in digital world is related to the economy. The initial issue is concerned with Unemployment. The raising of AI and automation of world due to the potential development of AI replaces the jobs that have been recognized. Now human beings are in competition with the machine itself and it has bitter consequences overall for employment. With the current situation, recession and depression seems to be parallel in the era. The unemployment is just not economic issue but social and psychological issues also in every aspects of human being.The ethical issues of business are not just limits to unemployment and its impact on economy. As in the current situation the organizations that have access to the computing resource and hugequantity of data rely on AI system and takes benefits from those systems and due to this, the key concern is economic power. The international concern of economic power

is quite dependent on AI technologies and again led to this problem in loop.

3.3 Explain ability issues

The businesses are using ML as a part of real world, then in production or manufacturing system it need to get impose ethics in to the AIprocessing and try to avoid system bias. The use of AI

algorithms that are

congenitallyunexplainable in GAN applications and in deep learning

algorithms founds to be

true.Explainability issues is an obstacle for AI used in business industries that works under submissivenessof strict requirements. As an example the financial business firms that works on strict rules and requires to explain decisions related to credit issues. But when the AI programming refuses such decisions then it can be problematic to explain the decision that arrived from the tool of AI.

And when the process of AI system which cannot explained then the program may referred as black box AI.

3.4 Autonomous things: Self-driving cars

The autonomous issues of AI may arise due to the issues that are usedin self- driving vehicles and drones.The autonomous vehicles creates risks to the ethics of artificial intelligence guidelines.

The government and the public raise the questions on the accountability and liability of autonomous things specially in self driving cars.

3.5 Weaponization of artificial intelligence

Sometimes this term is also used as Lethal Autonomous Weapons (LAWs). In 2019, the United States Department of Defense's Defense Innovation Board published the draft of a report recommending principles for the ethical use of artificial intelligence.Some researchers state that autonomous robots might be more humane, as they could make decisions more effectively.

Therefore there wasa debates on the ethics of using weaponized AI in the military.

3.6 Theoretical issues

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Vol. 06, Issue 01,January 2021 IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) 142 This ethical issue of AI is again arose with

the machine learning technology.Although this theoretical issue is mainly concern with Artificial General Intelligence which is called AGI. It is not concerned as with the case of other issues. Mainly the documents related to policy do not consider it as a serious ethical issue that currently organizations are engaged.

4. CONCLUSIONS

AI is at the center of a new business to build intelligence and computational models. The use AI has made life more easierof human being in every aspect. Its use in business makes the production faster with reduced cost. The use of AI in business saves time and money both. The technology of AI is one side of coin that always provides innovations and ideas to deal with. But the AI implemented with ethical issues serves more benefits to the society. The ethical AI more requires where the privacy and fairness can be formed, which integrates and propagates

them with ML techniques. Data can be messy and biased in many ways but before use of AI technology, the models which are developing should be certifiable and explainable. It should be ensure that by design AI is trustworthy and reflects its added value.

REFERENCES

1. Weiyu wang, Kengsiau“ Ethical and moral issues with AI – A case study on healthcare robots in research gate publication, Vol 31 , No 2, pp 47-53,August 2018.

2. Eleanor Bird, Jasmin Fox, Nicola, Emma, Alan “The Ethics of AI : issues and initiatives” in STOA Panel for future of Science and Technology, March 2020.

3. Bernd Carsten, Josephina, Mark, Kevin, Tilim be in Springer Publications, Feb 2021.

4. 4.Shuili Du, Chunyan Xie“ Paradoxes of AI in Consumer markets : Ethical Challenges and opportunities inn Elsevier Journal of Business research, Vol 129, No 30, pp 961- 974,May 2021

5. Josef Baker “Management Perspective of ethics in Artificial Intelligence“ in apringer journal, pp 173-181, 2020.