View of PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND NUTRITION

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal IMPACT FACTOR: 2.104 (ISSN NO. 2456-1037) Vol.03, Issue 09, Conference (IC-RASEM) Special Issue 01, September 2018 Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

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PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND NUTRITION

Rakhee Sharma,

Research Scholar, Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women’s University, Jaipur

Abstract - Resources are companion to the Physical Activity and Nutrition. Its purpose is to facilitate an understanding to play central role in the development of adiposity and obesity.

Interventions to help children and adolescent change their dietary or physical activity behavior may be justified on.

Keyword - diet, physical activity; activity; children; genetics; obesity prevention.

1. INTRODUCTION

The human body is designed for movement. Bones in the body are connected through a diverse array of joints that provide stability and efficient locomotion. Movement occurs through the coordinated contraction and synchronization of muscles and the mechanical transfer of this movement bones physic logical processes within the body provide the energy required to do this work and the homeostatic regulation to keep the other body functions operation effectively.

1.1 Definition

Physical activity has been defined as “any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in caloric expenditure’’ This delimitation has become the accepted scientific definition of physical activity and has been widely adopted with in the field. It broadly in corporate all level of activity could be perceived very differently depending on a person’s maximal aerobic capacity.

A limitation of Mets in standardizing activity levels is that it doesn’t take into account the adoptability of the body to physical activity.

Individuals may have a similar generalized response to physical activity, but they magnitude or effect of the response depends on a person’s current levels of physical fitness.

1.2 Nutrition

Nutrition is components of food that are indispensible to the body’s functioning.

They provide energy, server as building materials, help maintain or repair body parts, and support growth.

The nutrient include: Water carbohydrate, fat, protein vitamins and minerals.

Normally 85% of daily energy use is from fat and carbohydrates and 15% from protein.

Two type of Nutrition

 Heterotrophic

 Autotrophic 1.3 Heterotrophic

Organisms that cannot make their own food, thus must obtain if from other source. Or exercise

They are 3 types

 Holozoic

 Saprophytes

 Parasitism Holozoic

The organism feed by ingesting solid organic matter which is then digested and absorbed into their bodies.

Eg. Human ,animals and insectivorous plant.

Saprophytes Saprophytes

 Feed on dead and decaying matter.

 Include bacteria and fungi which digest the food internally before the nutrients are absorbed.

Parasitism

Obtains nutrients from living organisms.

 The parasite obtain nutrients by living an or in the body of the lost.

 Eg. Fleas, lice and tapeworms.

Autotrophic

Organisms that can make their own food by photosynthesis.

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2 1.4 How does physical activity improve health?

Physical activity or exercise can improve your health and reduce the risk of developing several diseases like type 2diabetes. Physical activity and exercise can have immediate and long-term health benefits. Most importantly, regular activity can improve your quality of life.

1.5 Benefits of regular physical activity

 If you are regularly physically active

 Reduce your risk of a heart attack

 Manage your weight better

 Have a lower blood cholesterol level

 Lower the risk of type 2 diabetes and some cancers

 Have lower blood pressure

 Have stranger bones, muscles and joints and lower the risk of osteoporosis

 Recover better from period of hospitalizations or bed rest

 Feel better-with more energy, a better mood, feel more relaxed and sleep better.

1.6 Where to get help

 Your doctor

 Registered exercise professional

 Exercise physiologist

 Physiotherapist

2. HEALTH AND NUTRITION CAUSES AND SYMPTOMS

Researchers have identified a number of risk factors that may increase your chance of becoming malnourished as your get older. These include physical, social and medical factors.

2.1 Physical risk factors

 General loss of appetite

 Bad teeth or problems with chewing.

 Problems with swallowing causing chocking or food going down the wrong way.

 A feeling of being full too early.

 Dexterity problems, such as severe arthritis that may make it difficult to hold utensils or feed one self.

 Sensory problems such as changes in taste, smell and vision.

 Overall reduction in ability to digest and absorb many food (because older people produce less stomach acid and fewer digestive enzymes)

 Mobility or transportation difficulties that make food shopping too much of a challenge.

2.2 Social risk factors

 Living alone (particularly for older men)

 Living in a hospital, nursing home or rehabilitation center.

 Financial issues (for example, having to choose between purchasing food and paying for other necessary expenses such as medicine, heating bills or rent)

 Limited education about healthy nutrition.

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 Cultural or religious traditions, allergies or food intolerances that may limit food options.

2.3 Medical risk factors

Recent surgery or hospital stay.

 Alcohol or substance abuse.

 Cognitive impairment. (dementia of any kind, such as Alzheimer’s disease)

 Inability to exercise.

 Depression.

 Chronic or acute pain.

 Medications that decrease appetite, prevent nutrients from being

absorbed, or upset

digestion.(Causing constipation or other intestinal problems)

 Medical conditions that require people to limit their intake of salt, fat , protein or sugar, making foods bland and tasteless.

Symptoms and Warning signs

Two obvious signs of malnutrition are increase or decrees in appetite or weight.

Some less obvious warning signs include.

 Dull, dry hair.

 Dry eyes.

 Receding gums.

 Confusion.

 Loss of sensation.

 Physical weakness.

Signs of Dehydration (in adequate intake of liquids)

 Decreased Urination

 Confusion

 Constipation

 Dry muscles membranes (for example dry mouth).

Researcher have found that people in long-term residences who regularly leave more than a quarter of their food on the plate at the end of a meal are at high risk of being undernourished.

2.4 A good dose of lifestyle treatment has a fundamental delivery sequence

 1-8: Self management of diet, physical activity, weight, environment.

 (Eg. Nutrition, physical activity, weight self monitoring and feedback; calorie balance, problem solving)

 9-16: Psychological and behavioral skills for ongoing problem solving.

 (Eg. Review\Reinforce skills to meet specific psychological, social, motivational challenges barriers to WL and PA; analyze behavior chains and formulate action plans.

2.5 Ways to increase Activity Increase in daily activity can come from small changes made throughout your day.

By the end of the lesson you will be able to Know the various ways to increase Physical Activity.

REFERENCES

1. Australia’s Physical activity and sedentary behavior guideline.

2. www.health inaging.org\aging and health a to z\. .nutrition \info: causes and symptoms