THEORETICAL AND ANALYTICAL RESEARCH OF CLEANER PRODUCTION BASED ON AGRO INDUSTRIES
Akshay Kumar Dwivedi
Research Scholar, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidalaya Bhopal (M.P.) Mr. K B Patel
Assistant Professor, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidalaya Bhopal (M.P.)
Abstract - Modern upheaval has furnished people with more admittance to fransform nature that finished in the ecological corruption. Today, businesses to be cutthroat need to embrace more current ways to deal with tackle what is happening alongside other modern difficulties. To manage natural difficulties, ISO 14001- Environmental Management System (EMS) gives rules to contamination avoidance and furthermore proposes the persistent improvement. Maintainable assembling proposes three pronged way to deal with address the issues connected with monetary, climate, and social. To meet ISO 14001 rules and to be economical, a procedure like Cleaner Production (CP) is required
1 CLEANER PRODUCTION
1.1 Development of the Concept
Throughout the long term, industrialized countries have logically adopted various strategies to managing ecological debasement and contamination issues, by overlooking the issue; weakening or scattering the contamination so that its belongings are less unsafe or evident;
controlling contamination utilizing 'end- of-pipe' (EOP) treatment; forestalling contamination and waste at the source through a 'cleaner creation' (CP) approach. The steady movement from 'disregard' through to 'forestall' has finished in the acknowledgment that accomplishing financial reserve funds for industry as well as a superior climate for society is conceivable. This, basically, is the objective of CP.
The pathway of CP technique improvement traces all the way back to Stockholm statement which underscored the contamination reduction toward the finish of a meeting on the Human Environment held in Stockholm in 1972.
Major industrialized nations were accounted for during the 1970s to burn through billions of dollars in getting emanations and effluents fulfill specific prerequisites prior to being delivered to the climate. The circumstance was turning out to be dynamically more serious as new regulation on the utilization of synthetic substances was declared during the 1970s. The expense of observing consistence to the new necessities was mounting as additional faculty, both in industry and in
government, became engaged with checking dirtying discharges.
1.2 Need for the Present Research Study
In the wake of understanding EMS draws near, obviously these ideas are a greater amount of developing than accessible in prepared to utilize designs. Organizations not endeavoring to move higher on flight of stairs to achieve SD will ultimately disappear. One shouldn't neglect accomplishing supportability is pure fantasy, embracing constant improvement. As one goes increasingly high on the flight of stairs to accomplish SD, greater contribution is expected essentially until a normalization of the activities are made accessible. It is likewise perceived that the job of CP contrasted with different EMS approaches is really encouraging, as it promptly offers an opening for activity through its straightforward methodologies. Indeed, even the associations having monetary or specialized restrictions can rehearse CP since it is a blend of both hard and delicate methods. This doesn't request clean advancements or costly skill in each circumstance. The board's responsibility towards climate, ability towards practical development is everything necessary at first.
2 AN OVERVIEW OF CP
A docimient on Cleaner Industrial
Production (CP) ready by the United
Nations International Development
Organization (UNIDO, 1995) reasons that CP addresses a pressing requirement for industry until another age of innovations and cycles takes over fi"om the current assembling frameworks. This preventive methodology has not been really focused on sufficient consideration when contrasted with other natural issues. It is the job of state run administrations, intergovernmental and non-legislative associations as well as people to join endeavors in the execution of the idea. It needs sufficient funding, particularly for miniature, little, and medium estimated endeavors (MSMEs). The prompt pathway is to frame viable organizations between government, industry and local area to work cooperatively towards the shared objective of feasible turn of events (SD) as per Brian (1998). The current advantages of CP are clear; the test is to track down better approaches to imparting this message and empowering industry to follow up on it.
Bruce (2006) looks at neighborhood and worldwide drives inside the Canadian partner local area that add to the commencement and execution of CP in industry. He thinks CP can produce short and long haul natural and social upgrades, far past those conceivable with administrative consistence programs.
Gudolf (2005) examined the parts of maintainability in CP and notices many taking part organizations show great outcomes concerning worked on material use, brought down energy utilization and diminished emanations to air, water and soil. CP is surely one of the keys to those and feels businesses and states should resolve to handle what is going on. One of the misinterpretations among ventures in emerging nations has been that ecological security is an expense causing and can't be supported without non-useful money costs.
3 SCOPE, SAMPLING, AND DATA COLLECTION
The province of CP technique in enormous scope enterprises is powerful as contrasted and the MSMEs. Bigger enterprises have acknowledged finish of- pipe arrangements are not gainful over the long haul. It is likewise a fact that enormous ventures have all the institutional help and skill in carrying out any new technique including CP.
However, MSMEs miss the mark on perspective and they have fostered a thought that these kinds of methodologies just advantage huge businesses. One more confusion in the MSME area is since they consume less asset and dirty less at the singular unit level, reception of procedures like CP isn't usefial and affordable for them. To promote the methodologies like CP in MSMEs, a careful comprehension of its chances and advantages turns into a pre-imperative. It is precisely in this setting that the ebb and flow experimental exploration is attempted. Notwithstanding, attributable to the imperatives of time and asset the extent of exploration is limited to agro- based modern area.
4 AN OVERVIEW OF BAKERY INDUSTRY
Baking industry is the biggest coordinated food industry on the planet because of the inclination given to helpful food sources in the time of expanding ladies business and urbanization. The pastry kitchen industry involves basically of bread, rolls, cakes and baked goods fabricating units.
The contributing elements for the prevalence of pastry kitchen items are sensible item costs, more prominent nourishing quality, accessibility of assortments with various textural and taste profiles, and better taste. With the assistance of innovation, baking strategies have changed significantly killing the dreary manual work and it is as of now an energy escalated industry.
As detailed by Food and Beverage News (FnB, 2010), India is the second biggest maker of bread and prepared items followed by the United States of America (USA). More than 75% of the bread rolls are created by MSME area comprising of both processing plant and non-industrial facility units. The ongoing bread and rolls creation in the coordinated and chaotic areas is assessed to associate with 20 lakh tons and 15 lakh tones, separately. India's coordinated pastry kitchen is esteemed at around Rs 3,200 crore.
5 ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERN IN AGRO-BASED INDUSTRIES
Energy utilization example of the three
agro-based industry groups chosen in this
study are introduced in the accompanying
segments. In this energy examination, warm, electrical and manual energies are thought of. A scientist regulated organized poll was utilized in every one of the bunches to get the subtleties of the sort of energy transporter, and quantum of energy utilized. Utilizing the essential information gathered from the MSME units in every one of the three bunches, SEC, and all out energy not entirely set in stone and projection of energy prerequisite for the entire group was made.
6 ASSESSMENT OF CP: A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE
The commitment of the CP comes from proficient asset use, and diminished age of squanders and toxins. As talked about before, this would be made conceivable by numerous perspectives like item change, innovation/process adjustment, further developed mindfulness/disposition, and backing fi-om govemment/R&D establishments, and so on. Appraisal of CP level additionally empowers recognizable proof, and assessment of additional potential open doors for CP.
There are a couple of works in writing on the evaluation of CP level of an association. Improvement of estimation file is one such methodology. Howgrave- graham et al. (2007) proposed conventional semi-quantitative intermediary pointers for assessing the degree of CP appraisal in little to medium- sized ventures based on mindfulness; the executives support; developments and functional enhancements.
7 BARRIERS AND DRIVERS TO CP: A LITERATURE CAPSULE
Larger part of MSMEs are family based business associations by and large need proficient and specialized skill and subsequently they are tormented with development stagnation. They generally display low efficiency and practices that are not interested in ecological regulations and norms. Consequently, to stay serious, the units need to embrace more current and imaginative ways to deal with update their mechanical capacities. Nonetheless, they experience the ill effects of restricted limit and assets to put resources into the innovation. A report on CP arranged by the United Nations International Development Organization (UNIDO, 1995)
inferred that CP presents a prompt and earnest requirement for industry until another age of innovations and cycles takes over fiom the current assembling frameworks. This preventive methodology has not been focused on sufficient consideration when contrasted with other ecological issues.
There are hindrances and drivers for reception of this system in an association which are to be perceived to actually handle them. The boundaries and drivers for CP in MSMEs are like those for any of the energy/ecological drives however might be different fi-om their enormous scope coimter parts.
William (2007) found private companies face various hindrances, which incorporate distinguishing ecological viewpoints and cost, information on techniques to further develop CP, and time to recognize and execute CP. Purba Rao et al. (2006) saw that basic snag in MSMEs is the expense of undertaking any natural drive, as they frequently work on a hand-to-mouth premise. Lin et al.
(1997) examined a few obstructions like absence of mindfulness about natural practices, absence of specialized mastery and inaccessibility of fitting innovations.
Berkel (1999) distinguished the drivers to CP as monetary benefit (through decrease of consumptions on input materials), diminished energy and water; decrease of uses on squander treatment; increment of creation incomes; and better item quality.
IChan (2008) upheld positive natural advantage separated from upgraded administrative consistence, better friendly picture and eco name showcasing as drivers for CP. The current advantages of CP are clear; yet the test is to track down better approaches to imparting this message to MSMEs and empowering them to take on CP.
8 ANALYSIS OF BARRIERS TO CP 8.1 Analysing Barriers Using Factor Extraction
For CP reception, obstacles exist inside
the association too fi-om outside the
association. Research works connected
with CP have seen a few issues that are to
be addressed to conquer them. Neil and
Darren (1997) revealed a few interior and
outside boundaries for CP relevant to
MSMEs. The inner boundaries
distinguished were; absence of data and
mastery, low consciousness of ecological issues, failure to catch natural expenses and advantages, center towards transient additions, limited discernment in direction and monetary deterrents, and so on. A portion of the outer obstructions are; disappointment of existing administrative methodologies that may either limits adaptability or incites carelessness, trouble in getting to CP innovation and important money, absence of motivating forces, and so on. These obstructions are by and large common in MSMEs, yet noticeable boundaries might vary fi-om industry to industry. To carry out CP in agro-based industiies actually, it becomes basic to comprehend the obstructions generally winning in this area.
Factor Analysis (FA) approach is done in this concentrate on utilizing SPSS 13.0 rendition to comprehend the hidden elements that are liable for the co-variety among a gathering of free factors comprising the CP obstruction aspects. It is a cycle by which the quantity of factors is diminished by identifying which factors group together to address a component.
The outcome acquired from the variable examination comprises of component loadings. A component stacking resembles relationships range from - 1 to +1. Factors regularly have loadings on all elements yet will ordinarily have loadings on only one variable.
8.2 Analysis of Drivers to CP
The recognizable proof and prioritization of drivers to CP reception in agro-based businesses is likewise a piece of this review. This examination will be usefiil for the specialists to firame reasonable arrangement and projects to advance the recognized drivers. In light of the writing survey and conversations with the specialists, five drivers of CP are remembered for this review. The drivers included are Financial Benefits (FB), Improved Compliance with Regulations (ICR), Minimized Environmental Degradation (MED), Social Image (SI), and Improvement in Quality and Productivity (IQP).
8.2.1 Modelling and Measurement In researching the drivers to CP execution, prioritization of perceived drivers is done in light of partner's
inclination under a multi-models outline work utilizing AHP. AHP, created by Saaty (1980), is progressively tracking down valuable applications in numerous choice situations in the modem period. The considered 5 drivers are looked at pair- wise by requesting inclinations from agro- based MSME business visionaries in regards to the general significance of one driver over the other in executing CP system in their units.
Subsequent to getting pairwise examinations from all the 40 MSMEs in each group, their mean worth of correlation is to be considered for speculation. Saaty (2005) proposed the mathematical mean of all pair wise examinations for summing up the inclinations. In the pair-wise examination, the overall significance scale between two choices shifts from 1 to 9 as proposed by Saaty (1980). The scale decides the overall significance of an elective when contrasted and the other elective outcomes in 10 examinations for five drivers. A complementary lattice is made involving the inclinations in which upper three-sided framework is loaded up with inclination values and the lower one with comparing reciprocals. Utilizing the examination network a need vector is figured which is really standardized Eigen vector of the lattice. The Eigen vector estimation is a short computational technique to get the positioning by figuring out the correlation framework and column totals are determined and standardized to get the Eigen vector. This cycle should be iterated till the Eigen vector values don’t transform from the past emphasis. In this study an essential methodology is embraced which includes just a single degree of assessment. The thought behind utilizing AHP is to dispense with constrained decision among the choices to stay away from predisposition.
8.3 Results and Discussions
8.3.1 Barriers to CP in the Three Agro- Based MSME Clusters
8.3.1.1 Bakery Processing Cluster
Examination of boundaries to CP in
pastry kitchen handling is completed to
track down the apparent deterrents to the
CPL in the Cluster. The worth of
Cronbach's alpha, a proportion of inner
consistency yielded 0.59 (near 0.60)
showing the palatable degree of unwavering quality. The KMO record as given in Table 8.1 was 0.567 with
measurable importance at zero level is likewise agreeable.
Table 8.1 KMO Index and Barlett's Test of Sphericity - Bakery Cluster
At the point when the main preliminary of element extraction was finished, mutuality of one variable was seen as under 0.6. Subsequently it was overlooked fi-om the examination. The scree plot in figure 8.1 shows stacking on the 6 elements with Eigen values more noteworthy than 1, making sense of 69%
of the complete fluctuation.
Notwithstanding, just initial five elements were thought of (because of immaterial stacking on factor 6), making sense of 66.6% of the complete fluctuation. Table 8.2 gives the complete change for this bunch communicated as a rate, of the fluctuation accoimted for by every part to the all out difference of the factors. The
combined rate section shows the fluctuation represented the initial five variables.
Figure 8.1 Scree plot for Bakery Cluster
Table 8.2 Total Variance Explained - Bakery Cluster
Table 8.3 Factor Loadings and Score with Recognised Barriers - Bakery Cluster
8.5.1.2 Cashew Processing Cluster For cashew handling bunch the proportion of the unwavering quality, the Cronbach's alpha was 0.817 showing
great inside consistency. Barlett's trial of
sphericity was showed that it was
genuinely critical and KMO list was at
0.652 as given in Table 8.4.
Subsequently, the example sufficiency and information appropriateness for factor investigation was apparent.
Table 8.4 KMO Index and Barlett's Test of Sphericity - Cashew Processing
Cluster
Scree plot as displayed in figure 8.2 showed that there were seven variables with Eigen esteem more prominent than 1. Be that as it may, for the elements 6 and 7 no significant connection could be given as these were stacked with inconsequential factors. Thus just five elements were viewed as which made sense of around 70% of the change separated and is given in the table 8.5.
With the five elements separated, the intricacy of the information gets significantly diminished with just 30%loss of data.
Figure 8.2 Scree plot for Cashew Processing Cluster
Table 8.5 Total Variance Explained - Cashew Processing Cluster
8.6 Summary
Boundary discernment in the three agro- based modern groups was brought out from the component extraction utilizing Likert scale estimations. The hindrances considered in this study depended on writing and field study. The outcome uncovered that hindrances rankings were different for every one of the singular groups and might be credited to the variety in their temperament of activity and winning business circumstances.
This study endeavored to brings out unmistakable obstructions that are to be addressed to work with the successful execution of CP methodology. Hindrances to execute CP in agro-based businesses all in all is focused on by relegating loads in light of the position request centroid procedure utilizing the condition displayed beneath.
Where n is the position of the I thing and K is the all out number of things.
The loads subsequently got are utilized to focus on the hindrances for the agro-based MSMEs area, and introduced in table 8.6.
Table 8.6 Barrier Ranking in Agro-Based MSME Sectors
The upgrade for CP execution is additionally unique among the considered agro-based modern bunches, obviously showing the various goals of the modern
business visionaries. To actually inject CP
procedure, these appropriate drivers are
to be perceived to work with the business
to accomplish their objectives.
9 CONCLUSION
At long last, for guaranteeing economical improvement of MSMEs, they should perform well on three crucial components of maintainability viz.. Natural, Economic, and Social. Among the various decisions accessible for MSMEs to accomplish the natural manageability. Cleaner Production (CP) system is by all accounts extremely appealing. Notwithstanding, executing CP technique experiences on- field obstructions and drivers separated firom challenges in appraisal of CP itself It is earnestly accepted that the flow piece of exploration has contributed toward this path by investigating the issues and prospects of CP with regards to three agro-based MSME groups.
REFERENCES
1. Andrews, S.K.T., Steame, J., Orbell, J.D., (2002), "Awareness and Adoption of Cleaner Production in Small to Medium Sized Businesses in the Geelong Region, Victoria, Australia", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 10,pp.373-380.
2. Andrzej Doniec, Janusz Reichel, Marta Bulin'ska, (2002), "Assessment of the Potential of Cleaner Production Implementation in Polish Enterprises, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 10, pp.
299-304.
3. Anna, B. C, and Jason, W.O., (2005), "Best Practices in Exploratory Factor Analysis: Four Recommendations for Getting the Most From Your Analysis", Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, Vol.10.
4. Atul Mohod, Sudhir Jain, and Powar, A.G., (2011) "Cashew Nut processing: Sources of Environmatal Pollution and Standards", BIOINFO Environment and Pollution, Vol.1, Issue 1, pp.05-11.
5. Baas, L. W., Vander BeU, M., Huisingh, D., and Neumann, F., (1992), "Cleaner Production: What Some Governments are Doing and What All Governments Can Do to Promote Sustainability. European Water Pollution Control, Vol. 2(1).
6. Bala Subrahmanya, M.H. and Balachandra, P (2002), "An Exploratory Study of Environmental Pollution by SSI sector in Kamataka", Research Project Report Submitted to IndiraGandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai.
7. Bamgboye, A.I., and Jekayinfa, S., "Energy Consumption Pattern in Palm Kernel Processing Operations", Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR Ejoumal, Vol. 8. Manuscript EE 05 013.
8. Berkel Rene Van, (1999), "Cleaner Production Opportunities for Small to Medium Sized Enterprises" Waste & Recycle Convention, 5-6 August 1999.
9. Bob Pagan, Peimy Prasad, (2007), "The Queensland Food Eco-Efficiency Project:
Reducing Risk and Improving
Competitiveness", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 15,pp.764-771.
10. Brian Robinson, (1998), "Industrial Waste Strategy Zeroing in on Waste, Pathways to Cleaner production for the Victorian Industries, Environment Protection Authority, ISBN: 0730675211.
11. Bruce Taylor, (2006), "Encouraging Industry to Assess and Implement Cleaner Production Measures", Joumal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 14, pp. 601-609.
12. Burton Haniner, W., (1996), "What is the Relationship Among Cleaner Production, Pollution Prevention, Waste Minimization and ISO 14000" l" Asian Conference on Cleaner Production in the Chemical Industry.
13. Chandak A, Sham P, and Vilas S, (2006),
"Solar Energy for Quality hnprovement in Food Processing Industry", Paper presented at "Solar Cookers and Food Processing International Conference", Spain, 12-16th July.
14. Chanoknun Sookkumnerd, Nobutaka Ito, and Koji Kito, (2007), "Feasibility of Husk-Fuelled Steam Engines as Prime Mover of Grid- Connected Generators Under the Thai Very Small Renewable Energy Power Producer (VSPP) Program", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 15, pp. 266-274.
15. Charles Mbohwa, and Shuichi Fukuda, (2013), "Benchmarking Using Environmental Performance Indicators: The Japanese Experience", Available online:
ir.uz.ac.zw/jspui/bitstream/10646/573/l/M bohwa-Benchmarking-Using-Environmetal- Performance-Indicators.pdf [Accessed:
December 14, 2013]
16. Chames A, Cooper W.W, Rhodes E., (1978),
"Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units", European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 2 (6), pp. 429^44.
17. Chen, W. and Warren, K. A., (1999),"lncorporating Cleaner Production Analysis into Environmental Assessment", Environ Impact Assess REV, Vol.19, pp. 457- 476.
18. Chia-Chi Sun, (2010), "Expert Systems with Applications- A Performance Evaluation Model by Integrating Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS Methods". Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 37(12), pp. 7745-7754.
19. Comrey, A. L., and Lee, H. B., (1992). "A first course in factor analysis", 2nd ed., Hillside, NJ: Erlbaum.
20. Darja Zarkovic, B., Zaklina Todorovic, N., Ljubinka Rajakovic, V., (2011), "Simple and Cost-effective Measures for the Improvement of Paper Mill Effluent Treatment - A Case Study", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.19 (6-7), pp.764-774.
21. Dasgupta N (1999), "Energy Efficiency and Environmental Improvements in Small Scale Industries: Present Initiatives in India are not working". Energy Policy, Vol 27, No. 13, pp.
789-800.
22. Dobes, V., (2013), "New Tool for Promotion of Energy Management and Cleaner Production on No Cure, No Pay Basis", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.39, pp.255-264.
23. Doniec, Andrzej, Janusz Reichel, and Marta Bulin, (2002), "Assessment of the Potenfial of Cleaner Production Implementation in Polish
Enterprises" Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 10, pp. 299-304.
24. EC-Asean Cogen program, (1998),
"Evaluation of Conditions for Electricity Production Based on Biomass". Final Report submitted to National Energy Policy Office, Bangkok, Thailand.
25. Edelgard Gruber and Michael Brad (1991), Promoting Energy Efficiency in the Food Industry: A waste Minimization Project in East Anglia, UK
26. Enrico Cagno, and Andrea Trianni, (2014),
"Evaluating the Barriers to Specific Industrial Energy Efficiency Measures: An Exploratory Study in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises", Joiimal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 82(1), pp.70-83.
27. Fijal, T., (2007)."An Environmental Assessment Method for Cleaner Production Technologies", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 15, pp.914-919.
28. FnB News, "India's Bakery hidustry is Thriving", December 06, 2010.
29. Frijns Jos, and Bas Van Vliet, (1999), "Small Scale and Cleaner Production Strategies", World Development, Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 967- 983.
30. Govindan, K. and Shankar, M., (2013),
"Evaluation of Essential Drivers of Green Manufacturing Using Fuzzy Approach", Integrating Cleaner Production into Sustainability Strategies, 4th Intemational workshop on Cleaner Production, Sao Paulo - Brazil - May 22 to 24.
31. Guadagnoli, E. and Velicer, W.F., (1998),
"Relation of Sample Size to the Stability of Component patterns". Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 103(2), pp. 265-75.
32. Gudolf Kjaerheim, (2005), "Cleaner Production and Sustainability", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 13, pp. 329-339.
33. Gunningham, N., and Sinclair, D., (1997),
"ACEL Final ReportD: Barriers and Motivators to the Adoption of Cleaner Production Practices," Published by the Australian Centre for Environmental Law, The Australian National University Canberra.
34. Helio Aisenberg Ferenhof, Luciano Vignochi, Paulo Mauricio Selig, Alvaro Guillermo Rojas Lezana, and Lucila M.S. Campos, (2014),
"Environmental Management Systems in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: An Analysis and Systematic Review, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.74 (1), pp.44-53.
35. Henson, R.K., and Roberts, J.K., (2006), "Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Published Research: Common Errors and Some Comment on Improved Practice", Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 66(3).
36. Hermann, B.G., Kroeze, C. and Jawjit, W., (2006), "Assessing Environmental Performance by Combining Life Cycle Assessment, Multi-criteria Analysis and Environmental Performance Indicators", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. xx, pp. 1- 10.
37. Hicks C, Dietmar, R., (2007), "Improving Cleaner Production through the Application of Environmental Management Tools in China, Journal of Cleaner Production", Vol. 15(5), pp.395-408.
38. Howgrave-graham, A. and Van Berkel, R., (2007), "Assessment of Cleaner Production Uptake: Method Development and Trial with Small Businesses in Western Austraha", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.15, pp.787-797.
39. Jean-Christian Brunke, Maria Johansson, and Patrik ThoUander, (2014), "Empirical Investigation of Barriers and Drivers to the Adoption of Energy Conservation Measures, Energy Management Practices and Energy Services in the Swedish Iron and Steel Industry, Journal of Cleaner Production, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 9 May 2014.
40. Jekayinfa, S.O. and Bamgboye, A.I., (2006),
"Estimating Energy Requirement in Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) Nut Processing Operations", Energy, Vol. 31, pp. 305-1320.
41. Johannes Fresner, (2004), "Small and Medium Sized Enterprises and Experiences with Environmental Management", Joumal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 12, pp. 545-547.
42. Kannan, R., Boie, W., (2003), Energy Management Practices in SME - Case Study of a Bakery in Germany. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 44, pp.945- 959.
43. Kapur, T., Kandpal, T.C., and Garg, H.P., (1996), "Electricity Generation from Rice Husk in Indian Rice Mills: Potential and Financial Viability, Biomass and Bio-Energy, Vol. 10, No.. S/6, pp. 393-403.
44. Karin Andersson, and Thomas Ohlsson, (1999), "Life Cycle Assessment of Bread Produced on Different Scales, Int. Joumal of LCA, Vol. 4(1), pp. 25-40.
45. Khan, Z., (2008), "Cleaner ProductionD: An Economical Option for ISO Certification in Developing Countries", Joumal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 16, pp. 22-27.
46. Khanna, and Vinod, K., (2008), "An Indian Experience of Environmental Management System", PICMET Proceedings, 27-31 July, Cape Town, South Africa (c) 2008 PICMET.
47. Krajnc, D., Mele, M., and Glavic, P.,(2007),
"Improving The Economic & Environmental Performances Of The Beet Sugar Industry In Slovania: Increasing Fuel Efficiency And Using By-Products For Ethanol", Joumal Of Cleaner Production Vol.15, pp. 1240-1252.
48. Levy Siaminwe, Kazhila C. Chinsembu, Michelo Syakalima, (2005), Policy and operational consfraints for the implementation of cleaner production in Zambia, Joumal of Cleaner Production, 13(10), 1037-1047
49. Lin, CM., and Clement, P.H., Li, (1997), "The Role of Nafional Productivity Organizations in Promoting Green Productivity in Small and Medium Enterprises", Green Productivity, APO.
50. Magda Magdy Abd El-Salam, and Hesham Mahmoud El-Naggar, (2010), "In- lant Control for Water Minimization and Wastewater Reuse: A Case Study in Pasta Plants of Alexandria Flour Mills and Bakeries Company, Egypt", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.18 (14), pp.1403-1412.
51. Sl.Mansaray, K.G., Ghaly, A.E., Al-Taweel, A.M., HamduUahpur, F., Ugursal, V.I., (1999), "Air Gasification of Rice Husk in a
Dual Distributor Type Fluidized Bed Gasifier, Biomass andBioenergy, Vol. 17(4), pp.315-32.
52. Maria Luz Martin-Peiia, Eloisa Diaz-Garrido, and Jose Maria Sanchez-Lopez, (2014),
"Analysis of Benefits and Difficulties Associated with Firms' Environmental Management Systems: the Case of the Spanish Automotive industry", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 70, pp. 220-230.
53. May Massoud, A., Rabih Fayad, Mutasem El- Fadel, and Rabih Kamleh (2010), "Drivers, Barriers and Incentives to Implementing Environmental Management Systems in the Food Industry: A Case of Lebanon", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.18 (3), pp.200-209.
54. Mika Ilomaki, Matti Melanen, (2001), "Waste Minimization in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises - Do Environmental Management Systems Help?, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 9, pp. 209-217.
55. Mohod, A., Jain, S. and Powar, A. G. (2011),
"BIOINFO Environment and Pollution Cashew Nut Processing: Sources of Environmental Pollution and Standards" Environment, vol. l, No. 1, pp. 5-11.
56. MSME, (2014), Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in India - An Overview", Govemament of India, Ministry of Micro, Small and medium Enterprises, www.dcmsme.gov.in. (Accessed in October 2014).
57. Muhamad Zaki Yusup, Wan Hasrulnizzam, Wan Mahmood, Mohd Rizal Salleh, and Mohd Razali Muhamad, (2014)," The Influence Factor for the Successful Implementation of Cleaner Production: A Review", Journal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering), Vol. 67 (1), pp. 89-97.
58. Nagesha, N., (2008), "Role of Energy Efficiency in Sustainable Development of Small-Scale Industry Clusters: An Empirical Study", Energy for Sustainable Development, Vol. 12 (3), pp. 34-39.
59. Nagesha, N., (2010), "Energy Efficiency and Economic Performance in Industries", Lambert Academic Publishing (LAP), Germany.
60. Narayanaswamy,V., Scott, J.A., Ness, J.N., and Lochhead, M., (2003), "Resource Flow and Product Chain Analysis as Practical Tools to Promote Cleaner Production Initiatives", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 11, pp.
375-387.
61. Natarajan, E., Nordin, A., and Rao, A.N.,(1998), "Overview of Combustion and Gasification of Rice Husk In Fluidized Bed Reactors, Bio-mass and Bio-energy, vol. 14, pp. 215-221.
62. Neelam Singh, Suresh Jain, and Prateek Sharma (2014), "Determinants of Proactive Environmental Management Practices in Indian Firms: An Empirical Study", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.66 (1), pp.469-478.
63. Neil Gimningham, and Darren Sinclair, (1997), "ACEL Final Report: Barriers and Motivators To the Adoption of Cleaner Production Practices", Produced for Environment Australia Published by the Australian Centre for Environmental Law The Australian National University Canberra.
64. Olsthoom, X., Tyteca, D., Wehrmeyer, W., and Wagner, M.,(2001), "Environmental Indicators
for Business D: A Review of the Literature and Standardisation Methods," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 9, pp. 453-463.
65. Onut Semih, Selin Soner,(2007), "Analysis of Energy Use and Efficiency in Turkish Manufacturing Sector SMEs", Energy Conversion and Management, Vol.48, pp.
384-394.
66. Overall, J.E. and Klett, C.J., (1972), "Applied Multi-Variate Analysis", McGraw Hill, New York.
67. Pallab Kumar Chattopadhyay, (2003),
"Postharvest Technology for Rice in India: A Changing Scenario", MFPI (Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India).
Annual Report.
68. Pallav Purohit, (2009), "Economic Potential of Biomass Gasification Projects under Cleein Development Mechanism in India", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.17 (2), pp. l81-193.
69. Peng, W. and Li, C, (2012), "Fuzzy-Sott Set in the Field of Cleaner Production Evaluation for Aviation Industry", Communications in Information Science and Management Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue 12, pp. 39-43.
70. Purba Rao, Olivia la O, Castillo, and Ponciano, S., Intal Jr, and Ather Sajid, (2006), "Environmental Indicators for Small and Mediimi Enterprises in the Philippines:
An Empirical Research", Joumal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 14, pp. 505-515.
71. Ramachandra, T.V., (1998), "Energy Utilisation in Rural Industries in Kamataka, International Joumal of Ambient Energy, Vol.
19, No. 2.
72. Reijnders L (2003), Policies influencing cleaner production: the role of prices and regulation, Joumal of Cleaner Production, 11(3), 333-338.
73. Roger L. Burritt, Christian Herzig, Bemardo D. Tadeo, (2009), "Environmental Management Accounting for Cleaner Production: The Case of a Philippine Rice Mill", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 17, pp. 431-439.
74. Roscoe, J. T., (1975), "Fundamental Research Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences", (2nd edition), New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
75. Ruth Hillary, (2004), "Environmental Management Systems and the Smaller Enterprise", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 12, pp. 561-569.
76. Saaty, T.L., (1980), "The Analytic Hierarchy Process", New York: McGraw-Hill International.
77. Saaty, T.L., (2005), "Theory and Applications of Analytic Network Process: Decision making with Benefits, Opportunities, Costs and Risks", Pittsburgh; RWS Publications.
78. Sakaorat, K., Wamonee, P.,Phanida, S., Hampon, P.,(2009), "Life Cycle Assesement of Milled Rice Production: Case Study in Thailand", European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol 30, No. 2, pp. 195-203.
79. Scarpellini, S., and Romeo, L.M., (1999),
"Policies for the Setting Up of Alternative Energy Systems in European SMEs: A Case Study", Energy Conversion & Management, Vol. 40, pp. 1661-1668.
80. Semih Onut, and Selin Soner, (2007),
"Analysis of Energy Use and Efficiency in
Turkish Manufacturing Sector SMEs", Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 48, pp.
384-394.
81. Seppa, J., (2006), "Energy Use in Conventional and Organic Milk and Rye Bread Production in Finland", Environment, Vol.117, pp. 109-118.
82. Shao-lun Zeng, and Yu-long Ren, (2010),
"Benchmarking Cleaner Production Performance of Coal-fired Power Plants Using Two-stage Super- efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis", World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol.42, pp. 1373-1379.
83. Shi, H., Peng, S.Z., Liu, Y., Zhong, P., (2008),
"Barriers to the hnplementation of Cleaner Production in Chinese SMEs: Government, Industry and Expert Stakeholders' Perspectives", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 16, pp. 842-852.
84. Stefan Henningsson, Katherine Hyde, Aim Smith, Miranda Campbell, (2004), "The Value of Resource Efficiency in the Food Industry: A Waste Minimisation Project in East AngHa, UK," Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.12 (5), pp.505-512.
85. Tabachnick, B.G.,and Fidell, L.S., (2007),
"Using Multivariate Statistics", Boston:
Pearson Education Inc.
86. Ted Munn, (2001), Encyclopaedia of Global Environmental Change. John Wiley and Sons Ltd., ISBN: 978-0-471-97796-4.
87. Telukdarie, A., Brouckaert, and Yinlun Haung, (2006), "A Case Study on Artificial Intelligence Based Cleaner Production Evaluation System for Surface Treatinent Facilities", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.14, pp. 1622-1634.
88. UNIDO CP Programme, (2002), "Manual on the Development of Cleaner Production Policies — Approaches and Instruments Guidelines for National Cleaner Production Centres and Programmes".
89. UNIDO Programme on Cleaner Industrial Production, (1995), IDAVG.544/1, 30 October, United Nations Industrial Development Organization.
90. USAID, (2006), "Mechanisms for MSEs to Control Environmental hnpact".
Environmental Guidelines for Small-Scale Activities in Africa, Part III: Micro- and Small Enterprises, Productive Sector Growth and Environment Division Office of Sustainable Development Bureau for Africa U.S. Agency for International Development
91. Van Berkel, R., (2006), "Cleaner Production and Eco-Efficiency" in Marinova (ed) Handbook on Environmental Technology Management. Edward Elgar Publications, Cheltenham, UK. Eco-Efficiency and Industrial Ecology.
92. Van Berkel, R., Kryger, J., and Luken, R, (1994), "Preliminary Experiences with Cleaner Production in China and India", UNEP Industry & Environment, pp. 46-50.
93. Vincenzo Giorgio Dovy, Ferenc Friedler, Donald Huisingh, Jir; Jaromy'r Klemes, (2009), "Cleaner Energy for Sustainable Future", Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol.
17, pp.889-895
94. Chao Wang, Pezhman Ghadimi, Ming K Lim, Ming-Lang Tseng, “A literature review of sustainable consumption and production: A comparative analysis in developed and developing economies”, Version of Record:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/artic le/pii/S0959652618329019,
Manuscript_f7385fe2f1fabb9b2bffc7a19c1781 0f.
95. N. Rajesh Jesudoss Hynes, J. Senthil Kumar, Hesam Kamyab, J. Angela Jennifa Sujana, Omar Ali Al-Khashman, Yasemin Kuslu, Antoaneta Ene, B. Suresh Kumar, “Modern enabling techniques and adsorbents based dye removal with sustainability concerns in textile industrial sector -A comprehensive review”, Journal of Cleaner Production 272 (2020) 122636.
96. Pratibha G, Srinivas I., V. Rao K., M.K. Raju B., Arun K. Shanker, Anamika Jha, Uday Kumar M., Srinivasa Rao K., Sammi Reddy K., “Identification of environment friendly tillage implement as a strategy for energy efficiency and mitigation of climate change in semiarid rainfed agro ecosystems”, Journal of Cleaner Production 214 (2019) 524e535.
97. Dina Kartika Sari, Djoko Koestiono, Agustina Shinta, “Analysis Influence Relationship of Internal and External on Strategy and Sustainable Supply Chains Management on Operational Performance of Food and Beverages Agro-Industries”, Agricultural Socio-Economics Journal P-ISSN: 1421-1425, Volume 21, Number 3 (2021): 241-25.
98. Ogunwale, A.B., 1Akintonde, J.O. and 2Ayansina, S.O., “Adverse Effects of Climate Change on Small-Scale Agro-Industries in South-Western, Nigeria”, International Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Research, Vol.9, No.4, pp.1-10, 2021.
99. A Baihaqi1, A H Hamid, E Susanti1, P E Paga, M Y Wardhana, E Marsudi1, “Analysis of value added agro industry arabica export coffee processing in Aceh Tengah case study at Oro Coffee Gayo”, Series: Earth and Environmental Science 425 (2020) 012076.
100. Andressa S. Sena, Bacus Nahime, Elton C.
Lima, Fausto A. Lobo, Jorge L. Akasaki & Igor S. dos Santos, “Characterization of briquettes produced from eucalyptus wood waste generated in agro-industries”, Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, v.25, n.11, p.794-798, 2021.
101. A M Fauzi* and R L Defianisa, “Analysis for cleaner production implementation strategy in batik industry in Bogor”, Earth and Environmental Science 325 (2019) 012005.
102. Basem Almadani and Saud Mohammad Mostafa, “IIoT Based Multimodal Communication Model for Agriculture and Agro-Industries”, IEEE Access, Volume 9, 2021.
103. Márcio Alberto Goebel, Diogo Lopes Cavalcante, Claudelir Clein, Josefa Moreno4, Pery Francisco Assis Shikida5, “Judicial Recovery and Bankruptcy of Sugarcane Agroindustries in the State of Paraná”, Revista Brasileira de Gestão e Desenvolvimento Regional, G & DR. V. 16, N.
2, P. 25-35, mai-ago/2020.
