2020 JINST 15 T08009
Executive summary
The order of subsequent chapters has been chosen to first provide further details regarding the organizational structures summarized here; second, overviews of the facilities, supporting infrastructure and detectors for context; and third, information on project-related functions and methods used by DUNE TC focusing on the areas of integration engineering, technical reviews, QA and security oversight. Due to their more advanced stage of development, the functional examples presented here focus primarily on the single-phase (SP) detector module.
Global project organization
- Global project partners
- Experimental Facilities Interface Group
- Joint Project Office
- Coordinated global project functions
- Safety
- Engineering integration
- Change control and document management
- Scheduling
- Review planning and oversight
- Development of partner agreements
- ProtoDUNE experience
The EFIG is responsible for driving the integration and installation of the LBNF/DUNE results and operates through the consensus of its leadership team. Electrical engineers are included within the central JPO team to ensure proper integration of the electrical components of the detector.
Detector design and construction organization
- DUNE consortia
- DUNE collaboration management
- Technical coordination
- Technical coordination organization
- Safety
- Engineering integration
- Change control and document management
- Schedule
- Risk management
- Review process
- DUNE work flow
A dedicated DUNE ES&H Coordinator sits within the Technical Coordination Organization and manages the DUNE Security Program under the leadership of the LBNF/DUNE ES&H Manager. The DUNE QA Specialist sits in the Technical Coordination Organization and coordinates the DUNE QA program under the direction of the LBNF/DUNE QA Manager.
Detector installation and commissioning organization
Far site safety
The LBNF/DUNE ES&H Manager heads the safety organization on site and reports to the Project Integration Director to support the execution of this responsibility. The reporting chain for safety incidents goes through the on-site safety team to the LBNF/DUNE ES&H Manager to minimize any potential conflict of interest.
Integration office management
- South Dakota Warehouse Facility
- Underground caverns
- Trial assembly at Ash River
The underground cavern coordinator manages the contributions of the technical team supporting the installation activities. The organization responsible for managing the contributions of the technical support team to the installation activities taking place in the underground caverns is shown in Figure 4.4.
South Dakota Services Division
Facility description
- Underground facilities and infrastructure
- Detector caverns
- Cryostat
- Cryogenics
- Detector and cavern integration
- Detector grounding
- Detector power
- Data fibers
- Central Utility Cavern Control and DAQ Rooms
- Surface rooms
- DUNE detector safety system
Surface (on the left), with the receiving facilities and the recycling compressors of the nitrogen system. The 4850L fire alarm system is connected to the surface incident command vault on the second floor of the Yates Administration Building.
Smoke Detected
The DDSS must communicate with the DUNE slow control system as well as the 4850L fire alarm system.
Racks
Water Leak
LAr Level Drop
Water leak detectors report to the DDSS PLC and a decision is made to issue a warning or immediately turn off power to the room depending on the extent of the leak detected.
DUNE detector construction management
- DUNE single-phase far detector module
- DUNE dual-phase far detector module
- DUNE far detector consortia
- Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
- DUNE design maturity
The DP DSS consists of a set of stainless steel cables suspended from grommets on top of the cryostat. The cables can be extended to the floor of the cryostat where they are used to lift components to design height. The cryogenic front-end (FE) electronics are installed in the signal feed-through stacks (SFT stacks) on the roof of the cryostat to process the LArTPC signals.
The breakdown of the design maturity level for the SP module by subsystem is provided in table 6.1. We have gained important knowledge of the FEMB development cycles, especially on techniques of the power distribution and signal routing for the low-noise design. New FEMB prototypes for the SP module using new custom ASICs differ from the ProtoDUNE-SP version only in the physical layout of the power distribution and the interconnections between two ASICs.
The prototype was built in subsequent batches of the 35-ton prototype and shown in ProtoDUNE-SP (80%).
Integration engineering
- Mechanical integration models
- Static models
- Envelope and assembly models
- Integration and interface drawings
- Detector survey and alignment
- Electrical integration
- Electrical system block drawings, schematics, layouts and wiring diagrams
- Electrical integration documentation
- Configuration and drawing storage and dissemination
- Organization of interfaces and interface documents
- Engineering change control
- Value engineering
The generation of envelope designs and drawings is the responsibility of the JPO engineering team in coordination with consortia. The reference plane, defined as the APA yoke plane, is explained in the alignment section (section 7.1.4). Before installing the detector module, a set of cryogenic distribution tubes are placed on the floor of the cryostat.
In some cases, multiple diagrams may be required, e.g. the CISC consortium is responsible for several types of systems (such as temperature readouts, purity monitors, cameras, pressure sensors), each of which requires a separate diagram. Much of the documentation needed to describe a subsystem can be used for the interface documents. DAQ and electronics: this includes electronics on top of the cryostat, in the DAQ chamber and in the surface chambers.
As with the previous example, the design of the PD mounting brackets depends on the side tubes selected for the APA.
Reviews
- Design reviews
- Production reviews
- Installation reviews
- Operations reviews
- Review tracking
- Lessons learned
- Reporting
Regular production progress reviews will take place after production starts, depending on the length of the production process. Production readiness reviews typically include a production review of module 0, the first module produced in the plant. The Integration Office works with Consortium Leaders to conduct reviews of detector installation procedures and subsequently installed detector components to ensure they are ready for operation.
The review process is an important part of the DUNE QA process, as described in Section 9.7.2, for design and production. The codes and standards to which each system is designed will be reviewed as part of the preliminary design review and final design review. Module 0 is expected to be produced and introduced as part of the production readiness review.
The Module 0 is the first article from the production line and provides a useful indication of the validity of production processes, time estimates and quality of the product.
Quality assurance
- Overview of DUNE quality assurance
- Purpose
- Scope
- Graded approach
- Quality assurance program
- Responsibility for project management
- Levels of authority and interface
- Quality assurance organization
- Personnel training and qualification
- Quality improvement and lessons learned
- Documents and records
- Work processes
- Fabrication work processes
- Change-controlled work processes
- Design
- Design process
- Design verification and validation
- Procurement
- Procurement controls
- Inspection and acceptance testing
- Assessments
- Management assessments
- Independent assessments
- DUNE quality control
- APA quality control
- HV quality control
- TPC electronics quality control
- PD quality control
- Calibration quality control
- DAQ quality control
- CISC quality control
- ProtoDUNE to DUNE QA approach
Supervision of the consortia's work will be the responsibility of the DUNE TC and LBNF/DUNE QA manager. Configuration management as documented in the LBNF/DUNE CMP [1] will be systematically implemented for DUNE. Exceptions affecting systems or components will be identified to the LBNF/DUNE Systems Engineering team.
Procurement controls will be implemented to ensure that purchased items and services meet DUNE requirements and are consistent with the LBNF/DUNE QA plan. Defined guidelines for acceptable voltage values will be available to inform decisions on APA quality. Fabrication, inspection and testing of components shall be performed in accordance with documented procedures.
Production progress checks will be conducted at the DUNE detector component manufacturing facilities.
Environment, safety, and health
- LBNF/DUNE ES&H management and oversight
- National Environmental Protection Act compliance
- Codes/standards equivalencies
- ES&H requirements at collaborating laboratories and institutions
- LBNF/DUNE ES&H program at SURF .1 Site and facility access
- ES&H training
- Personnel protective equipment
- Work planning and controls
- Emergency management
- Fire protection, ODH and life safety
- Earthquake design standards
- Material handling and equipment operation
- Stop work authority
- Operational readiness
- Lessons learned
The LBNF/DUNE ES&H Plan defines the ES&H requirements applicable to installation activities at the SURF site. LBNF/DUNE ES&H management will present a project-specific introductory ES&H presentation. Exceptions to these minimum requirements will be approved by the LBNF/DUNE ES&H Manager and noted in the activity-specific HA maintained by the DUNE ES&H Coordinator.
All chemicals and hazardous materials brought to the SURF site must be inspected and approved by the DUNE ES&H Coordinator and the SURF ES&H Department prior to arrival at the site. The SDS documentation will be submitted to the DUNE ES&H coordinator before the material arrives on site. The supervisor completes an initial incident investigation report and submits it to the LBNF/DUNE ES&H Manager within 24 hours.
The SURF ES&H Manual3 maintains the Emergency Management and Emergency Response Plan (ERP)4 for the site.
Project document summary
Interface documents
Schedule milestones
Requirements
Start of FC production for detector module #1 September 2023 Start of CPA production for detector module #1 December 2023 On top of detector module #1 accessible cryostat January 2024 Begin installation of TPC electronics on detector module #1 April 2024 Start FEMB installation on APA for detector module #1 August 2024 Start detector module #1 TPC installation August 2024 On top of detector module #2 accessible cryostat January 2025 Complete FEMB installation on APA for detector module #1 March 2025 End of Detector Module #1 Installation TPC May 2025 Start of Installation of Detector Module #2 TPC August 2025 End of FC Production for Detector Module #1 January 2026 End of APA Production for Detector Module #1 April 2026. These will be maintained in EDMS and high-level requirements with significant impact on physics (applying to both SP and DP detector modules are highlighted in Table A.4.
4 PDS Time Resolution The time resolution of the photon detection system must be sufficient to assign a unique event time. Eleven other major specifications for the EB-owned SP module are listed in Table A.5, along with another twelve high-level technical specifications. The high DUNE requirements driving the LBNF design are maintained in DocDB 112 [69] and under change control.
Lower-level detector specifications are maintained by consortia and are described in Volumes IV DUNE TDR, Single-Phase DUNE Remote Detector Technology and V, Two-Phase DUNE Remote Detector Technology.
Full DUNE requirements
- Single-phase
- Dual-phase
Nyquist requirement and design choice SP-FD-20 Number of ADC bits 12 bits ADC noise contribution. SP-FD-2 System Noise < 1000e− Provides >5:1 S/N at induction levels for pattern recognition and two-track separation. SP-FD-2 System Noise <1000e− Provides >5:1 S/N on induction levels for pattern recognition and two-track separation.
SP-FD-23 Supernova trigger >95% efficiency for an SNB producing at least 60 interactions with one neutrino energy.
Risks
DP-CISC-14 Temperature stability < 2 mK at all locations and times (Requirement accurately matched at all locations, at all times). In addition to installation-related risks, technical coordination is developing its own set of general project risks that are not captured by consortia. Consortiums leave a lot of room unaccounted for and a lot falls into the common fund.
Failure of Technical Coordination to provide sufficient staff resources to ensure that Technical Coordination can monitor and coordinate all project tasks. While the United States, as the host country, has a special responsibility for technical coordination, personnel resources should be directed toward technical coordination from each cooperating country. The consortia have provided preliminary versions of risk analyses, which have been collected on the technical coordination website (DocDB 6443 [70]).
This has been developed into an overall risk register that will be monitored and maintained by technical coordination in coordination with the consortia.
Full DUNE risks
- Single-phase
- Dual-phase
Hazard Analysis Report (HAR)
- Construction hazards (LBNF-DUNE HA-1)
- Natural phenomena (LBNF-DUNE HA-2)
- Environmental hazards (LBNF-DUNE HA-3)
- Waste hazards (LBNF-DUNE HA-4)
- Fire hazards (LBNF-DUNE HA-5)
- Electrical hazards (LBNF-DUNE HA-6)
- Noise/vibration/thermal/mechanical (LBNF-DUNE HA-7)
- Cryogenic/oxygen deficiency hazard (LBNF-DUNE HA-8)
- Confined space hazards (LBNF-DUNE HA-9)
- Chemical/hazardous materials hazards (LBNF-DUNE HA-11)
- Lasers & other non-ionizing radiation hazards (LBNF-DUNE HA-14)
- Material handling hazards (LBNF-DUNE HA-15)
- Experimental operations (LBNF-DUNE HA-16)
Industrial hygiene hazards will be assessed, identified and mitigated as part of the risk assessment process of work planning and control. The experimental cable will meet the requirements of the National Fire Protection Association 70 and the National Electrical Code, 2015 edition. The cornerstone of the program is lockout/tagout following FESHM chapter 2100, Fermilab Power Control Program (Lockout/Tagout).
Materials such as paints, epoxies, solvents, oils and lead shielding may be used during the construction and operation of the facility. This paper was prepared by the DUNE collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a US 78, 79 cathode plane assembly (CPA). The part of the SP detector module that provides the drift HV.
Fermi Research Alliance (FRA) A joint partnership between the University of Chicago and the Universities Research Association (URA) that manages and operates Fermilab on behalf of the DOE.
