The ECM/BM has been understudied owing to its intrinsic complexity. With the advancements in molecular biology and genetic techniques, significant progress has been made in the field of ECM research. For example, the generation of various knockout and/or conditional knockout mice has allowed investigation of the bio- logical functions of many BM components. Many important questions, however, remain to be answered. These key questions include: what are the temporal and spatial expression profiles of ECM proteins in physiological and pathological con- ditions? How do ischemia and hemorrhage affect the expression of each individual ECM components? What are the molecular mechanisms underlying stroke-induced ECM alterations? What are the biological functions of proteolytic fragments of ECM proteins after stroke? Can exogenous ECM proteins prevent and/or ameliorate pathological changes in stroke? Elucidating these questions will substantially enrich our knowledge in ECM biology and stroke pathology, and may lead to innovative therapies for stroke.
Funding Information This work was supported by AHA Scientist Development Grant (16SDG29320001).
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8 Extracellular Matrix in Stroke