1. Which psychodynamic theorist believed that an infant seeking pleasure through oral gratification is important to psychosocial growth?
1. Sigmund Freud 2. Erik Erikson 3. Jean Piaget 4. Carl Jung
2. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory, a person who is no longer aware of a need has:
1. Experienced emotional and physical health 2. Had the need met to one’s level of satisfaction 3. Achieved one’s role performance expectations
4. Moved toward the healthy end of the health-illness continuum
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3. The nurse is assessing patients in the postanesthesia care unit. For which physiologi- cal response to stress should the nurse monitor this patient?
1. Slow, bounding pulse 2. Delayed response time 3. Inability to concentrate 4. Rapid, shallow breathing
4. The nurse is caring for numerous patients. It is important that the nurse identify that the person who may have the hardest time coping is the patient who is:
1. Scheduled for a biopsy
2. Unable to control the course of illness 3. Experiencing a multiplicity of stressors 4. Having to relocate to an assisted-living facility
5. A nurse inadvertently commits a medication error without the knowledge of other nursing team members. According to Freud, what part of the personality guides the nurse to initiate an incident report?
1. Id 2. Ego 3. Libido 4. Superego
6. When considering concepts related to the General Adaptation Syndrome, the nurse concludes that adaptations:
1. Depend on the nature of the stressor 2. Can be conscious or unconscious 3. Become secondary stressors 4. Are maladaptive responses
7. A patient with terminal cancer is willing to try new therapies. The nurse identifies that the patient is in what stage of the Kübler-Ross Stages of Grieving?
1. Denial 2. Depression 3. Bargaining 4. Acceptance
8. The nurse gives a resident in a nursing home a choice about which color shirt to wear. What level need, according to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, has the nurse just met?
1. Self-esteem 2. Physiological 3. Safety and Security 4. Love and Belonging
9. Which nursing intervention best supports a problem in the Role-Relationship Pattern category of Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns?
1. Seeking the assistance of a spiritual advisor
2. Teaching the patient self-care in preparation for going home 3. Referring a patient to a self-help group to learn colostomy care 4. Assessing a family member’s readiness to provide care in the home
10. The nurse is differentiating between primary and secondary stressors. Which stressor does the nurse identify is an example of a secondary stressor?
1. Pain
2. Cold weather 3. Death of a spouse 4. Ingested microorganisms
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11. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory, which level need should be met just before self-esteem needs can be met?
1. Safety 2. Belonging 3. Physiological 4. Self-actualization
12. Which statement best reflects a principle common to all theories of health, wellness, and illness?
1. Health is synonymous with a sense of well-being 2. People are able to control factors that affect health 3. Many variables influence a person’s perception of health
4. Being able to meet the demands of one’s role is necessary for health
13. A Public Health Nurse is considering the needs of members of a community. The nurse identifies which social stressor possesses the greatest risk for precipitating illness?
1. Change in marital status 2. Teenage motherhood 3. Single parent family 4. Living on the street
14. Which is an example of a response to a physiological stressor?
1. A sunburn after being outside all day 2. Diarrhea after eating contaminated food 3. Shortness of breath when walking up a hill 4. A rapid heart rate during a final examination
15. According to Maslow, which characteristic is least associated with a person who is self-actualized?
1. Is autonomous
2. Is able to see the good in others 3. Has the ability to problem-solve 4. Has an external locus of control
16. Which concept identified by the nurse is basic to the health-illness continuum theory?
1. People can be both healthy and ill at the same time on the continuum 2. People are in the exact center of the continuum when variables are in balance 3. There is no distinct boundary between health and illness along the continuum 4. Actualization must be achieved to be placed on the healthy end of the continuum 17. A nurse completes a difficult day at work and feels satisfaction in performing well
and helping others. According to Freud, with what part of the personality is this feeling of satisfaction associated?
1. Ego 2. Libido 3. Fixation 4. Superego
18. Which person is considered healthy when referring to the Role-Performance Model of Health?
1. Coach who continues to coach after becoming a paraplegic 2. Coal miner who retires after having acquired black lung disease
3. Brick layer who takes a leave of absence while recovering from hernia surgery 4. Policeman who begins selling alarm systems after leaving the police force because
of being shot while on duty
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19. Freedom from which situation demonstrates a safety and security need in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Basic Human Needs?
1. Pain 2. Hunger 3. Ridicule 4. Loneliness
20. The nurse is caring for patients who have experienced a variety of stressful life events. Which event has the greatest potential to contribute to stress-related illness?
1. Retirement 2. Pregnancy 3. Adoption 4. Divorce
21. The nurse is considering the principles of stress and adaptation. Which word best describes the concept of adaptive capacity?
1. Safety 2. Health 3. Restore 4. Imbalance
22. The nurse is facilitating a support group for people who are coping with the death of a significant other. Which patient behavior most reflects complicated grieving?
1. Remarrying within 6 months after the death of a wife
2. Being continuously angry 3 months after the death of a parent
3. Keeping a child’s room unchanged for 4 years after the death of the child
4. Displaying clinical symptoms of depression 9 months after the death of a husband 23. The nurse identifies that love and belonging needs associated with Maslow’s
Hierarchy of Needs are related to which of Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns?
1. Values-belief pattern 2. Role-relationship pattern 3. Cognitive-perceptual pattern 4. Sexuality-reproductive pattern
24. The nurse identifies that the word that best describes the concept of adaptive capacity is:
1. Role 2. Cope 3. Stimuli 4. Energy
25. The nurse identifies that a basic principle associated with Sigmund Freud and his work is that:
1. The reality principle reflects man’s need for immediate gratification 2. Defense mechanisms are a common means of conscious coping 3. No human behavior is accidental
4. The id controls the personality
26. What concept about health do nurses need to appreciate?
1. Perceptions of health vary among cultures
2. To be considered healthy a person needs to be productive
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27. The nurse is assessing a patient’s behavioral responses to stress from the Freudian perspective. Which mechanism allows the patient to cope with conflicts that arise from inner impulses?
1. Free association 2. Ego differentiation 3. Developmental tasks 4. Defense mechanisms
28. The nurse is caring for an immobilized patient who was admitted to the hospital with a pressure ulcer. Which type of stressor most likely precipitated the pressure ulcer?
1. Microbiological 2. Physiological 3. Chemical 4. Physical
29. Which statement best reflects the relationship between stress and adaptation?
1. Stressors usually cause maladaptive responses 2. Addressing an adaptation will limit the stressor
3. Stress and adaptation are intertwined in a cyclic relationship
4. Adaptations to stress are solely dependent on the nature of the stressor 30. The Health Belief Model attempts to explain and predict health behaviors and
focuses on:
1. One’s ability to fulfill one’s assigned roles
2. Constructs associated with perceived threat and net benefit
3. Locus of control being important in one making choices about health behaviors 4. People moving along a continuum from health on one end to illness on the
other end
31. The nurse is assessing a patient who is experiencing prolonged stress. For which most serious complication should the nurse monitor the patient?
1. Altered sleeping 2. Impaired immunity 3. Increased muscle tension 4. Decreased intestinal peristalsis
32. The nurse is caring for a patient recently diagnosed with advanced cancer. Which patient statement reflects the Kübler-Ross stage of denial in the grief process?
1. “Why did this have to happen to me now?”
2. “My daughter will live with my sister after I am gone.”
3. “How could this happen when I quit smoking cigarettes?”
4. “Maybe they mixed up my records with someone else’s records.”
33. The nurse considers that the word that best describes the concept of adaptive capacity is:
1. Change 2. Etiology 3. Remission 4. Compliance
34. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory helps the nurse to identify the patient’s:
1. Problem that has top priority 2. Developmental level
3. Coping patterns 4. Health beliefs
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35. The nurse is assessing the emotional needs of a variety of patients. In relation to the emotional needs of patients, the nurse identifies that a concept reflective of the work of Sigmund Freud is:
1. Human nature is essentially irrational
2. Instinctual drives are the underlying stimuli for human behavior 3. Universal moral principles are internalized as standards of behavior 4. Moral development is based on concepts of caring and responsibility
36. The nurse is teaching a course about death and dying to a community group. What is most important for the nurse to teach parents about preparing a child for the death of a grandparent?
1. Wait until the child asks a question about the situation 2. Encourage the child to participate in mourning rituals 3. Begin at the child’s level of understanding
4. Praise the child for being strong
37. What is a basic principle associated with Sigmund Freud and his work?
1. Defense mechanisms are used to protect one’s self-esteem 2. Emotional or psychological events are not understandable 3. The id is the part of the psyche that imposes a conscience 4. The conscious mind is unrelated to human behavior
38. The nurse is assessing a patient who experienced an emotional stress. Which most common response should the nurse anticipate the client will exhibit?
1. Anger 2. Denial 3. Anxiety 4. Depression
39. Which are examples of a health belief? Select all that apply.
1. _____ Eating foods that are low in fat
2. _____ Accepting positive results of diagnostic tests 3. _____ Concluding that illness is the result of being bad 4. _____ Recognizing that smoking can cause lung cancer
5. _____ Respecting a patient’s decision regarding therapeutic treatment
40. The Kübler-Ross theory on grieving is a process that progresses through stages to final acceptance. List these patient statements in order according to the Kübler-Ross Stages of Grieving.
1. “I am going to get a second opinion.”
2. “I find it so hard to think about the fact that I don’t have long to live.”
3. “I’ve never smoked in my life. I shouldn’t be the one with lung cancer.”
4. “I’ll have the chemotherapy because I want to see my children grow up.”
5. “I don’t want a big funeral because I want people to remember me and be happy.”
Answer: _______________________
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