• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

امکان‌سنجی مدیریت همیارانه‌ای پارک‌ها در شهرستان کرج

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2023

Membagikan "امکان‌سنجی مدیریت همیارانه‌ای پارک‌ها در شهرستان کرج"

Copied!
18
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

*

!

"#$ % &'( )*+, -# .,

)

&' 0 :

12 / 4 / 44 5 0 :

16 / 7 / 48 (

!

"# $

!% &' ( )

*) + , -).

, /0 12 3) 4.

56 7% 89 )

2;.

<

( .

?@6

$ A +#

&

?@6

$ A BC D 6 E F /F 2;. /.%

<

% 7% 89

56 G0E ) %

.

&

HI

! 9

JKL B 6 MH /##

"

?.

) )9 .

"

?@6 .E6

# /F 6 N

$ / OPC /N

!QE /8 )R "S TH /.9%

)9

6 /F

!8

$ MH US # D BVF $ W / K S )9 . H /E

% YZ )C /Q6 )2

) MP

[P

\8 , 9 56 3) )8Q / F

3 .

$ , H

% 12 3%9

!%

+)

<

/ Z )C H [P

) S 3) 56 ).

. ]

!)F 3)

$ /$F G

^ , _;

` 12

/E

%

, _;

G 3) 3%9 H 56

aB . ) . aB ,.

. bV $

?

/ / $ ,

) )E ! . C , $ /c 9

.$ ). &' E

F ( E !

). \H E .

:

3) + +

56 /0 + 7% +4.

* :

: :

E-mail: asadi_ali1@yahoo.com

(2)

!

!

"#

$%#&

' ()

*

%(+

$ ,(- .

# /(

0*

12(3

$*() 4(5

$ 6%

7#

89

:8 12(3

$29 /8%

...

.

"#

$,

<=

8

>??

'-

% 3#

@

.

A /( $! % *B

,& % C+ >D/ E& $. A %#&

. F5

G 7A 2* $

9 #) # $"# H .

. ,%*

) H "# . (

A :8

!

" 12(3 :8 29 2 $22K

L#

@ # #( MN%

#

<

2 ,%* < O ,%*

:8 . A

)

Ghasemi, 2000

.(

29 .) P3# .

1N HN (7

CQ <* .

" 2 AQ 22K

@ R

+%) ) C#

,& S( ! %

T# & # 2* T U(T ,&

2 29 .) #Q G#C

# 20 R Q "# U( "

K.

. # ( A K@

# ,& %/ #) V@

U(T %%Q

$6#

.) M 29 .) W Q

20 $.) K. X7 6

' % )

Mirakzadeh et al.,

.(2010

YZ[\

'A 29 ]() ) %

$ 3 +' ,'A

! M#

. @? ^@ "#

<4 S C#

K

'A A ,&

M , %#&

%(# ) C#

.

_ ! O(7 # S%

.

# -( 1 2! A

A W C ,%*

. A ,%*

& A C M# *()

6

K.

$29

<4 (@ !

]B 2@ # 29

# N !

</(7 ,&

'7 M# `+

%!

)

Omiya, 2000, United Nation, 1990, Bass, 1995, Sammuel, 1987

.(

R A

,%*

1#. ,& /2 W

%!

. 2)

4(5 ,7! , "# ,N 2! $+? V $a $W'& $"H #&

A ( )

Uma,1975; Kohen & Uphoff,

1979; Rahman , 1981;

Pears, 1979; Chambers,

1994; Kelley and Vlaenderen, 1995; Guaraldo, and Mourisa, 1996; Story, 1999

.(

<- ,%Q

» R

«

» 6

« bC)

6( 7 . , A . c

)

Adnan et al., 1992; Bharnagar and Williams,

(1992

$ -( 7 ]

.

- (- R K.

? Q A

@ 5

, R "T $ V0

$

%#& "T d%%Q

# C e

RS

<& "T F %

%

C6 # / $f@ # Q

6#

%#

. *

#

"

( "# g# h %#

Q

K. :N # i ,# _ 29 R ,#

% .

V' S# Q OD Q S&

$

5D*

* 29 j F85 $#&

C6

(3)

,3 ( 2K 6# 29 R A # (@

. . ( W

(Q C? A # 3 U% 2.

"%?

f( N R C#

) Q A

# ' T "

#)

) ' #/ # k* "%P $S

O Q ,

(A Q A

# (@ # %#& %?

(@

'

%Q .

!l

<4 R F % ,

m#C ,%* .+N "# n- "#(& "#

$F % YZo\

)

Garforth et al., 1988

(

"#

_ M#D* # U7! OD

89 `#A +' p% *()

=&

A )

Lyden et al., 1990

( $ q

(K

G ) N

=&

R ,

F % ##

R ,%* .+N

#' # .

!l R %%!

,#

K.

A $A R9 ,A

. @ %.

)

Brown, 1995

.(

$"# %

K. / (j-

m# N c% '%

/ ) 2 $7 >@

,C ,& C&

7 * C ,& ) R / <' A . "#

C ,%*

%#& $,9 , (@ %#& $G3 ' i ,

<4 .

) ,&

' #' + %

,&

)

Foy,

(1997

%# 7 (- , #C) $ . <p% i "# A #+

, , M+8 q

j (K 29

@ ! 29 R

)

Pretty and Vodouhe,

.(1997

G/ , ,# D ') Rp .A #

#') M/9 R )

12(3 . (

!

OD (7 RS ( "#

2) ,&

7 C ,

rs

_ A D >D/

. 7(

O b %# *() $6%

.) <!

6

# C6 $2* "#

F % j- H

12(3 5 " .+N )

$,t(

$,

G $,#S G ,&

F % ,6(@&

.+N

`9 7#

6 ...

( #/

&

,

7 <' ! .+N O F % j-

U2) )

Hossaini, 2001

.(

)

N .

:N R*

F % 7# .+N N 89

, 0 GL "# u@

## S%

v

29 .) ) ,C

## O#w v

( q

A 29

) /8%

Z ( ^! 'A

.

+N F % j- (

`9 . 7#

e .

29 R K.

'(

24- (##

' F % #

:N % $%# C#

,&

M#N /( m! #

#C

<

. ! 2* &

' # U#3

* F % G

/ $

%#

. @ (73

' "

)

#

# , "# K& + + % dA w

# $29 V/ VHx A >& F % K&

"#&

1N $ (7

K.

W4 ,%%!

/K GA

' (%!

A

( p $F % # A

)

Pretty, 1990

.(

(4)

V//9 X#(

Jalali and Karami

) (2005

%

F . , F

! , ,

, F % ,%! c+

$.+N

$##/

/ $ y8 $ % G $#

.-%

z *() $%#C S# V@ $

%. 6(7+ ' "l ,C (

.

%A . V//9 X#(

Hossaini

) (2001

, % S# S%

q (K=

j-

`9 ! , 7#

[r ,#63 0

"

r\

s\

{s ,#63 0 Y[

, 0

.

|{

6 VD49 0

,#63

. [\

"# 0

F % n- %

`9 .+N 7#

s\

0

% W

@ K. #

! . {{

0

#x* %5D* ,#63

F % n- % $%5D* " ! %(7 .+N

o[

$K}7 #x* (@ 0 s\

(@ 0

. K K}7 , #x*

rs (@ 0

* #x*

%A . S , M/9 "# X#( ]

U% % !

F % j- ) .) .+N

.

7eK )

Lypyst

( GL ! 12(3

,') L#

! *() (

*() KC% V+* ! (@

l( $H

$H VD49 $H & $ K. "(A $, , $(' A ' A x*

.

Learner

) YZ[s (

! GA @

@ )

, ! $,# $# $4 $,%+K (

c+

9 d*() ( 'A

Uw $" $*() 6# $VD49 ,C $( # '

# S( "

.) m# !

( _

( O(7 $%'A <p%

%* .)

%!

.

AlaviTabar

) (1998

6K ".

R .) ,'A H

, $_- (* $VD49 $" ( ! %!

%#C +9 5D@ (% ` $2A .B z

(A E +~ G/ :N # .

@&

YZ\

YZ{\

,l $

"A K# "

, ! €3 ,(%

K@ m!

.) C $29 j- %

6%)

%A .

(! _l ,&

29

"S # 6%) j- e F % ##

m!

" j- K}7 ! ! A U#3

M ' -N

26%) K= K VK

,&

A 8*

. 7# %#& A / (@%A

#) G#C q

$&

! #A

"ti C! K YZZ\

R $ 0

K#

'* ! @ ##

A 6%)

)

Dhar et al., 1991; Pandit, 1991; Campbell, 1992

.(

K@ "%P ! "#

q R/ (K =

'7 S M#

! . K# 7

Rp ,%!

w U#4 @ V/

)

Pretty, 2001

.(

% "# D*

K.

n-

.+N F %

7 ( V0

- GL "# p >?? "# ! )

Jalali and Karami, 2005

.(

*() )

Fleischer and Applebaum,

1992; Lorendahal, 1996

( O)@ 29 $

)

Finsterbusch and Van Wicklin, 1989

( 9

)

Fortman and Kusel, 1990; Hunfsinger and

Fortmann, 1990

.(

(5)

& ,C 4(5 .B )

Finsterbusch and

Van Wicklin, 1989; Fleischer and Applebaum, 1992; Gunter and Finaly, 1988; Ekpe, 1994

(

(A )

Fortman and Kusel, 1990; Fleischer and

Applebaum, 1992; Lorendahal, 1996

.(

"

)

Huntsinger and Fortmann, 1990;

Fleischer and Applebaum, 1992; Ekpe, 1994

( $ y8

)

Huntsinger and Fortmann, 1990; Fortman and Kusel, 1990; Fleischer and Applebaum, 1992;

Ekpe, 1994

( $ _%) )

Fortman and Kusel, 1990

(

A

@ x*

)

Huntsinger and Fortmann,

1990;Fleischer and Applebaum, 1992

.(

, V//9 "#

.( * ! %

A E 9 (

El

5 m# "( p ! % ,&

.) ,/

A @ .

) O d.

S E%

C ).%

$

\4P

$

$ , TH

&

`

!)9

3e S%

$

\ S fP

3Vc (

!@

/.%

89 , +.$

)

C

?"H H 3 . ,.

N )

3gBP

$ d.

+S (

Ge C

,

!)..%

)9 $ h Mc

("

3gBP

$ , d.

).

. C *) iH ,

/0 12 3) 4.

56

j /F 7% 89 *)

3 ! N ) $ CIh :

L#

d,#63

<'

% "#

,'A #

##

v d

<' C6 F "#

##

v

,'A # wEl * ##

v .

O '

# ,&  -0 M/9 "#

G# "

'

# . & .) p

F5 ^! 'A "! ,'A M/9 "#

/8%

Z

) V0 M/9 "#



#& A €3 ! A RS ^! 'A p % ## ,

 # ) _

6#

/8% %#

Z 'A MN% +7 ^!

C+ x

 @ (

.(

 <S

#

 M/9 "

' ,QQ A

r\o ". - A

. 

p%

C

# G%

O

 4

' #

.  C

'   O "#

&

  %

.  S%

G

$% ' _ $% +(* ,C

# ' 2* Vl x* " %? '%

,' 6 .+N F % ! _#

^! 'A C+ x ,%A!

' A 

& '% U7 ,

 V0 RH y94 .



C ## ,&

$ A o\

" 4 N %

o\

/8% ^@ R - Z

_ A F#

F) % &

# A $ ' R C

SPSSwin11.5

G3 ## $-K& ‚+Q



S( Q A +9 12(3 #

"

U#B M/9

 +%

) ) Y .(

G3 A %



$ -2(3

# GS%

 ,'A

K.

(##

rr 2@ VK 1N UK5 #

Survey Research

(6)

# )

| ...(

2@

<!

) Y ( d 5 #  

$O6 GS%

Ys ƒD! 1N UK5 #

</

)

| ...(

ƒD!

<-K3 ) Y ( d C6 #

W $ Z 1N # 2!

</

)

| ...(

2! 

<-K3 ) Y ( d 29 #%A A



##

v

YY 1N UK5 # 2! 

</

)

| ...(

2!

<-K3 )

Y ( O6 GS% 

7#

,'A 89 Yo

1N # 2!

</

)

| ...(

2!

<-K3 ) Y ( '   5 .

". #%A #( < #' L#



,'A G

 5 .



29 #CS p%

&

M/9

&

p -0 W9 $"6 $0 $

& V U#B .

29 % N+%(

 "6 7#/ ,& , $2*

'

# .

W 2* 29

RS  "T -( 

A . "#

29 M/9 (Q ] 2*

' A . W 2* 29 "#

"+ $

A ( #

# 20 (@ g#

UK5

-K„

€3 



A . (73

"

 $R

, U% €3 ,& 2 ,&

)MSA

R Q

SPSS

, KMO

A

( '

A ( .

%# K B 2* 29

-K 29

20  )

(PCA

* ^3( 

' $ A ".

A * / .

L#

* (

'- …9K %. #

A ". M/9 *B .

A *

A ^3(

g# L# / ,&

0 $

S * g# _#

. * 

A # 29 *S .

 RH #

&

Measure of Sampling Adequacy

Eigen Value Criterion

%? G@? +7 ( , # ) #%. '-  5  )  

A

# '

A w *

G@? )3(

( G#H

# A R5 6(7+ _#

.

(7)

!"

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

/

!"#

/

/

X#(

&

! , M/9

| / s{

0

, ,#63

| /

|Y , ,#63 0

$

"6

% ,#63 o|

$

"#(

,63

9

% o|

z r[

) o[

0 ( 5

%(A

"#(!

9

%

H s[

.

~Q y8 p ,#63

y8

<2e#

) Z / s\

0 ( …9K $

#x*

'%

{ / o[

0 ,&

x*

r / [o 0 ,&

x*

d+

"

!

x*

"#(

)

| / o[

0 ( c

! x*

X7

"#(!

0

 / r

0 x*

Vl

% S7 d Z /

|o 0

=A

| / sY + =A < 0 .

"# D*

 / s d (7 0

"

=A s /

|\

0 G3

$04@

 / sr 0 G3

(K {

/[

0 G3

! d

"6

&

,#63

|\s\

# .

"%P X#(

#63 & F#

, ,

"#(

/+N

&

`(

)

 / oo 0 (

"#(!

/+N 2@

# ) r / { 0 ( 5 . X#(

&

,C .) v ,

! (

6 v

.)

$!

rZ 0

'%

Y / o 0 +#

v .)

d!

"#

, [/

[r 0

<

8.

<

$8.=

 / rs 0

8.

'%

[/

Yr 0 8. =

v .)

! .

"

! M/9

!A

$!

'%

so ## # 0

v

$ M Z

/[

0 B +

##

v V0 K.

%#

)

"# %

# 6 75 M/9

%

% $#

C6 ...

# Zo 0 # !

CS

# 29 A .(

"%P s[

0

,#63

# "

!

<'

"#

A v

B

##

'6 ,&

$ o[

0

A C#

'%

Y{

0 A v

2}7 N ,&

,%*

.

!

"#

% #%A ## R

v rr 5 # VK 1N UK5 #

. X#(

&

#K

% %

! , ,#63

"

]DN ,H}7

T V0

"

$

"

& # R

'

# %'+

v

"

$

"

t7 /(

A , ,H}7 v

"

"

#

8/

- % Vp v

"

#K

% 73

"

@

(8)

m!

K

v

"$

"

p V v

_ V*

"

"

T

</(7

&

v

"

#K u4(@ @ @&

.

, , X#( ! N B ,'A

% '%

]DN %(7 B

# 6

% B

%A d

p 6#

R ) A )

% & % #) v

') U%(

@ *() ## bC) #A % "# %

v A B &

%A .

#

$%

&

&' ( $ () *%+"

,("

!"

#$

% &

'( )*

$%

&' ()* (+ ,-). 0' !1(

/

/

/

2(3 2' 4+ 0' !356 0( (+

7' 25 087' 9(:

3

/

/

/

2(3 & ; <=> (+

()?+

2 3 0' ,1 ,-).

9(:

3

/

/

/

0( (+ 2(@3 3 ++

0"= &

A 3 2 (+ 2' BC !8D 9(:

3

/

/

/

EF (+ G?

0' & 25 9(: () 2(

) B8 EF +() (+ 25

7I5 ?J (

/

/

/

E1 2(5' (+ 2(@3 ' 23

L1 2MD 0' N)

/

/

/

2(3 +O & 78P E1 2(5' (+

/

/

/

QR (+ 2(@3 & )MO ,L7

9(:

3

/

/

/

(+ 2(@3 '

2 (+ 8 & EA 2(S' 9(:

3

/

/

/

<7 (+ 2(@3

!IFD 27I5 ?G & 2(G

/

/

/

2(3

*D +D !DT & !18? (+

UV 0' 4BS 0G )P+)1 & UI%

W' 3

! 27? L1 23MD &

B8

/

/

/

2(B7 & XCY (+ E=> 2(@3 9(:

3

/

/

/

<7 23MD ZCY (+ 2(@3 5 & 2(G

B? 2(G

/

/

/

(+ !L[" (> (+ 2(@3

08 2(B7 & XCY 3 9(:

3 2MD &

L1 ) B8 ()?&' >1): (>

(

/

/

/

0"= 0(

A 3 2' )\

! ]P ^"1 0[' 2(&6 9(:

3

/

/

/

!3#L* 1 2(5' (+ 2(@3

/

/

/

1& & _D B (+ 2(@3

(+ 0I=

9(:

3

/

/

/

2(3 ]P (+

_G 2(&6 ![ 23

' 2 (+

9(:

3

/

/

/

,8G(G ' (A 9(:

3

`:

2(+ O1

/

/

/

2(3 _G a+: (+

(+ 2' ![ 23 9(:

3

/

/

/

9(: () ' (A

`:

2(+ O1

/

/

/

2('6 (+ E=> 2(3 9(:

3

/

/

/

: ) ...(

)

(

(9)

$ %&'

!

"#

2* GS%

"(A ##

v YY 1N UK5 # !8

</

)

| ....(

!8

<-K3 ) Y ( </(7 = </(7 V0

,#63 G

5 .

X#(

&

#K R* #H % ## R

v

<' ! , 2* "#

, "# R

2}7 !

"

5D* R %? #

# ! "

) "

\\

/ s ( $

"

## %? # K

R

%Q ) "

\s / s (

"

,H}7

##

v V0

) "

{[

/ o ( d

! , X#( "%P

"

A (

! "# €3 )

) "



/ o ( $

"

a7 R

(K}7 v

) "

s{

/ o (

"

# R

RH v

) "

|{

/ o (

#K

u4(@ @ @&

.

-

$%

./ 01) (&'

$() .) ,("

5D* R %? #

# ! "

\\

/ s

\Y / Y r|s

/

\

## %? # K R

%Q

\s / s

\o / Y r||

/

\

,H}7

##

v V0

{[

/ o

\Yo / Y r[r

/

\

R RH v

Z / o

\r / Y r[ro

/

\

Rp '6 K}7 ,Q 9 #

v ) R Zs

/ o Yr

/ Y r{|

/

\

! "# RS Q 0 R

{

/ o YY

/ Y rZs

/

\

R . 8 ! RH 6%

Z / o Yo

/ Y rZ{

/

\

R %# K A

# ' $ @ u@

## O#w B v

V0

%(7 Z

/ o YZ

/ Y o\\

/

\

A ) ! "# €3 (



/ o Ys

/ Y o\r

/

\

RH # R v

|{

/ o r

/ Y oo[

/

\

(K}7 a7 R v

s{

/ o r{

/ Y o[

/

\

) ....(

) (

( ()*

&

+ !

'

"#

(73

"

% €3 $R , U



c A

# ' ##

v

,& 2 ,&

) MSA

R Q 

SPSS



, KMO

A

(  A ( ' .

%.

2 ,&

%. y8

0 m#

/

Measure of Sampling Adequacy

€@A U%

) KMO KMO= 0.865; df=36; Chi-

square 736.964; Sig=0.000

(

*S 6(7+ $

#T 2* 29 p ( +%

%#

.

# G

"#

,C # L  c

*

ˆ /

‰  * c  Q A

Š‹

/

‰Š

"+ _# 0

* Q ` A



"+

# . ` A "+ Q _# /

(10)

29 A *

Œˆ

/

‹‹

c V 0

## VDT

"+

%%Q . "B

5 _#

)

‰Ž

0 ( * c

 #

G M/9 "# Q

 %

 . _# $

*



_ *S gT-  )3( 

 A # _Q# O G@?

.  RH #

&

* (

 < %.  

( '% $& …9K < '- …9K H 2*

[\

/

\ ( 5 p .

#(

7( Q "# %(

,C * T# 2*



A Ww A w A ^3(

 .  "%P

( f( '- *B ) *    $*   A w A '%

. "( * s

 (

R

"

*

"

"( R * s

 (

R

"

* "

A w6

.

2 345 0/

67 38/ 0&89 :;

<9 (%) 7 $ ,(" (&'

+, -

. /0

# (

/0 1%2(

3 +,

4 , 15

() (+ 2' 4- !) 4+

9(:

3 (

B(B

/

'' (+ !>[). bY 4+

9(:

3

B(B

/

( 3(G Q 4R 2' !DJ *D 4+

B(B

/

B ca 4+ 0@8 [+ 0' !5

B d: 0' eY fB(+ ( +)a 9(:

3 ()* 0' 2(3

B8>

/

O

<&

ghi / kl j

/ jk kl

/ jk

23(G 2' 4- !833 m-)T 4+

B(B ( !3&5

/

B 0' 2+=>O ,-). 4A 0' 9(:

3 ()* 0' 2(3

B(B

/

,+J <)# 2' !1 E>1 2(B7 & [).

9(:

3 4+ 0'

+(B +)P&

/

2' nV 23(B>1 & T[()>1+

+(B +)P& (G Q

/

O 4&+

op / g kio

/ jh hqg

/ ll

' B !B8\ Y [&+

2(3

! 4+

B8J

/

(11)

( ()*

!

% 29

##

v

"K

, U% €3 $R

2 ,& 

) R Q

SPSS

, KMO

( ( '

A .

%.

2 ,&

%. y8

€@A U% / 0 m#

) KMO KMO= 0.83

df=28, Chi-square 974.45, Sig=0.000

( 6(7+ $

*S 29  p  ( +%

#T 2*

%#

. RH

# &

 )

 ) %? G@? +7 ( , # C

#  A w VDT #%. '-

*  ( G#H G@? )3(

# A R5 6(7+ _#

.

# ) ^%

)

Š ( G / "#

# L .

‰‰

/

ˆ  * c

Q A



 /

Š

"+ _# 0 Q ` A

* "+

# . / A "+ Q _#

29 A * `



/

Œ

V 0

% c

##

"+

%%Q .

 5 _# "B )

ˆŒ

0 (  c

* G M/9 "# Q # %

.

* $ , 2* 29 X#(

(  

v Vp _

5 ,%!! Vp $

v



_

##  V*

# m

2/

v R  d

"

Vp *

"

A w6 .

C ( R *

<

$C+ x c

& #

R '

%' v

 

'6 n-  u4@ +K8 (

v C+ x )

% A # ( ( (

"

]DN *

"

( R * A w6

'

A! !  24

' x j-

# !

R  A !

"

#) * "

A w6 .

= 0/ >?!

& 38/ 0&89 :;

(&' () ,("

+, -

. /0

# ( /0

1%2(

3 +,

4 15,

,8G(G ' (A 9(:

3 `:

S&

2(+

/

9(: () ' (A

`:

S&

2(+

/

O

<&

jjq / g qjo

/ kr qjo / kr (A (+ 0I= s1& & _D B (+ 2(@3

9(:

3

/

(+ 2(@3 (+ !L[" (>

08 3

2(B7 & XCY 9(:

3 L1 2MD &

) B8

>1): (>

(

/

E1 2(5' (+ 2(@3 2MD 0' N)'

L1

/

O 4&+

gki / g rql

/ ii qgj / oi $%

!1(

2(3

2' 4+ 0' !356 0( (+

7' 25 087' 9(:

3

/

3

<7 23MD ZCY (+ 2(@

& 2(G

5 B? 2(G

/

O

4)1 qgk

/ i jl

/ q iqj

/ qh

!P

<7 (+ 2(@3 5 ?G & 2(G

!IFD 23

/

(12)

%,' -. /0 )

(F 3 453 %

6.)* 7

X#(

&

y8 " _# 29 ,&

, M/9 ( )

)

‹ (

" !

## !A # y8 v

%. V- )

) X#( 1K3

Alavitabar,

1998; Learner, 1964

( $O6 y8 " d C6

y8

Š y8 " 0

7# O6 F 89

0 m# y8

%. V-

) )

M 8 X#( "#

Huntsinger and Fortmann, 1990; Fortman and Kusel, 1990; Fleischer and Applebaum, 1992;

Ekpe, 1994

.(

@ A; &B; )% CD <& E( 0&89 *%

"

67

#$

0 80

96: F 1;%

0

&5 Q' 3 /

2(30' t5

&5 ,&(+

3 /

/

/

&5 Q' 3 /

&5 ,&(+

3 /

*/

/

&5 Q' 3 /

2(3

&5 ,&(+

3 /

*/

/

&5 Q' 3 /

2(3 ])

(+

&5 ,&

3 /

**/

/

&5 Q' 3 /

!"#

&5 ,&(+

3 /

** /

/

*

!"

**

!"

X#(

&

7#/ ,&

) )

"

(

, O6 y8 "

! " !

<2e# y8 y8

%. V- H _7K

%(A .

# 6 X#(

) )

 ( A G#

.

%,' -. /0

"

"t 7 6.)*

#

7& !-

X#(

&

,&

" t

, ,

h ! ,

%. V- # …9K

##

C6 $O6 $ F $

A ##

O6 7#

) 89 )

) { .(

X#( "# D*

&

,&

A " /(7 t

=A = =

h ! ,

%. V- # …9K

##

C6 $O6 $ F $

A

# ' 7# O6 ) 89

) dX#( 1K3

Fortman and Kusel, 1990; Fleischer and Applebaum, 1992; Lorendahal, 1996

.(

(13)

F 3 >GH I;

)

*%

<K) (

"

)% CD

F

< "

#$

30 "

'( #$

#$

Sig.

!' +)1 /

*u/

/

/*

EIv+

/ -' & `[

/

*u/

/

!B>'

/

*u/

/

@1

/

*u/

/

EIv+

/

*u/

/

/ +)1!' /*

-' & !18?(G

/

*u/

/

@1

/

* /

/

EIv+

/

*/

/

& ])

()?+

2 3 /

!B>' / -' & !18?(G

/

* /

/

!B>'

/

*u/

/

@1

/

*u/

/

EIv+

/

*u/

/

/ +)1!'

-' & !18?(G

/

*u/

/

EIv+

/

*u/

/

!"#

/

!B>' / -' & !18?(G

/

*u /

/

**

!" #

!" $% *

M *%

N&H9 &B; 0H;G t

"

$&G

"

#$

&

% t

96:

1;%

0

+ .

.

t5

, .

.

/ u

/

+ .

.

, .

.

/ u

/

+ .

.

2(3

, .

.

/ u

/

+ .

.

]) 2(3 ,

.

.

/ u

/

+ .

.

!"#

, .

. / u

/

(14)

/3 97:

%;*

*

!<&

! '

+9 '

# R O  ,

 R

)

Stepwise

( %. ( _

S#(



) ) Z ( &  #

. %

( &

$) ^% /(7 ( ` (7

,

(# #. ". U#B Q N )

rZY /

\

=

Adjusted R2

(  ,



Y / rZ 0

(7 ( V *

  R #

## !A

v  (  `

"+ = V5 , e %#C # $O6 A . ,C ) F

@& R

( ) C

#

A

y8

)

\\\

/

\ =

%. y8

(

%.

Q A

# 6

%.

, K. , A

.

O $ () $P .) 0'9 Q% 0%/ <&&9 &B; R *%&4(

,(" (&'

+ +-=

B

Beta t

Sig.

R

/

/ /

Constant

/

/

/ / / /

/ / /

/

083 D(+

/ u / /

/

Constant

/

/ /

/ /

/ / /

/

083 D(+

/ / /

/

2v1 xD S& ,+G

/ / /

/

Constant

/ u

/ ./

/ /

&&

/

&

=

F '*

/ +

= F +, /

&

= Adjusted R2

-&- /

&

= R

# #/

, K. B

#’ :A ,

A :

) Y (

Y=-2.46+- 0.85 (X1) +6.42 (X2) +4.39 (X3)

( g# G/ <'

( #/ # (7 ( "+

) (Beta

Q w .

7#/ ,T A ( #/ "# #

<& ( g# +7 <' ".

.

O $@

O(7 $#)

# . .

(A . l%

7

"#

O

%

##

Q

”%

OD

#

Q , U2 A .

"#

G3

(7 :N

$ i T(

$.

6#

%.

V2*

(

, .

, $# <K `9 M/9 K. Q

, @ .) 7 #w

. $]B "#

#

%#C ! K "

F % U#3

7 $89 _

/(%

"# dA

# <K `9 OC6 '%

! T2 #

.) $2Q N $

6(7 .

U#3 F % .+N

! .0 N

%!

<S 7

# C+ x O3(

A 2*

+!

7

#

<

(15)

R*

a7 K}7

R

# L ,%!

'A

"#

$%

.0 G#C

(#

.

"# % p

( . j-

F %

$.+N

R

* 20

".

%%!

A

#

@ }7

(7 RC2

j-

"#

F %

%#

. )

#

$ "

W 20 # "

M/9 , S%

##

v 'A

^!

.

'% $ , M/9 X#(

 / Y

## 0

v # #B

%A . ! "

$ ! !A M/9 Z

/[

+ B 0

# v

K %#

s / so 0

## # V0

v M .

! K "#

s[

/(. ,#63 0

,%! <

<' "#

A v '6 ##

,&

. ## M ! "

v '%

|r B 0

. '% "# "%P s

/ oY B 0

h # ,

%#C ##

v

%#

[/

[{

B 0 0

%#C ! ! "# +5

,&

A @ .

X#(

&

#K

% %

! , ,#63 R & #

'

# %'+

v $ t7 /(

A , ,H}7 v

# 8/

- % Vp v

#K u4(@ @ 73

. "%P

X#(

&

#K C6 %

##

v !A $, - a7 d ,

#K VN+ .) ! @ 73

#K %#C # u4(@

5 @&

.

#( $"# D*

X &

#K

% %

]DN ! , ,#63 ,H}7

$T V0 R & #

' %'

v $ t7 /(

A , ,H}7 v

#

8/

p - % v

#K u4(@ @ 73 .

p

% ( B R ]DN ,H}7 v

#

# ! %(7 "# R % B K

%#C ) #

'6 ,H}7 C+ x

m! @ B %# @ '6

%(7 C+ x .

! A k* 2}7 "# $D*

% R & % #)

v (!

%#

. B (! R ! 2#H # #A

"#

! A "# %(7 %

# ! "

.) "# ! bC) %

B

K. "#

%(7 .

<' R /(*

2* "#

, ,&

V#

v % 2#7 +

R #

##

v # $ ,

N K

2}7 "# .5

"(A ## ,H}7

v A . +4 X#(

x ,%A! ,H}7 ( V0 6(- #l C 2}7 "# C+

. p ,+

7# ”%

F % j- R " 89

+N

<' . v # K "#

,&

# A .+N F % j- C+ x ##

) %#

! K.

k*

# ,A "#

A .

) "# %

# 2}7 "

% "# R O6 O& # ,

#

% !D U4 # 6

2+

v U2) R5 R (

. K . < ,H}7

# # RS ! "# 2* N

% . 2! N $M/9 X#( ) ,

S(

## , B !

v

) ^! 'A )

X#( M

Jalali and karami,

V//9 X#( 1K3 d2005 Hossaini, 2001

( K $

(16)

) .B ) aD! C ,

R ( & # A&

,&

# "

U2) .

"%P

•%0 U4 , #

x v

'

# p R

v '

#

% . ! ]A '

#

&

R ,!

, p 8/

U%

(' - v

8/

=&

A @

R , A (

.

## . 6# #

29

S# C+ x

' +2N

'6 7# `9 .

"%?

'

# %

29 R % U% %

# F % . `+ QQ B* w % 04@ # (K G3 WN 7

'6

& <& 7# `9 .

!

G Q

# T "

(@

' -

# (76 ,Q %#' 29 R

&

7 %

#. # 8 ,%*

"

@ # 04@ (K

# 6

# ,%%Q

gQ ,

" ' K g# 22K

%A 6# 29 R .

' "#

%

% aT.

#K G3 29 .)

p% 04@ (K "# QQ ,Q

G3 .B 6S G/ $.) )

%%Q b-# @ .

- AlaviTabar, A. 1998. Participation patterns in democracy society. Shahrdariha Monthly. N 6.

- Campbell, J. 1992. Joint forest management. The Ford Foundation. New Delhi.

- Dhar, S.K. Gupte, J.R. and Sarin, M. 1991. Participation management in the Shivalik Hills: experience of the Harayana forest dept. sustainable forest management working paper no5. Ford Foundation, New Delhi.

- Ekpe, E. 1994. Major factor affecting development of farmer's cooperatives in selected local government areas of Ogun state. Journal of Rural Development and Administration. 26, (2):21- 23. Rural Development Abstract, 1995, 18 (1), Abstract No 160).

- Finsterbusch, K. and Van Wicklin, W.A. 1989. Beneficiary participation in development project: empirical tests of popular theories. Economics Development and Cultural Chang. 37 (3):573-594.

- Fliescher, A. and Appleabum, L. 1992. Special differences in the labor force participation of married women: the case of Israel peripheral areas. Journal of Rural Studies, 8 (3): 293-302.

- Fortmann, L. and Kusel, J. 1990. New voices, old beliefs: forest environmentalism among new and long- standing rural residents. Rural sociology. 55(2):214- 232.

- Gunter, V. J. and Finlay, B. 1988. On group participation in environmental conflicts. Rural Sociology. 53 (4): 498-505.

- Hossaini, S.M. 2001. Feasibility of NGO in environment. Mohitshenasi Quarterly. N31. 105-113.

- Huntsinger, L. and Fortmann, L.P. 1990. California's privately owned oak woodlands: owner, use and management. Journal of range management, 43 (2): 147- 152.

- Jalali, M. Karami, E. 2005. Determinants of rangers' participation in rangeland cooperatives in Kurdistan Province. Pajouhes & Sazandegi, No70 pp35-45.

- Learner, D. 1964. The passing of traditional society. NewYork.

- Likert, R. 1967. The human organization. Mc Graw Hill.

- Lorendahal, B. 1996. New cooperatives and local development: a study of six cases in Jamt land, Sweden.

Journal of Rural Studies, 12 (2):143- 150.

- Mirakzadeh, A. Asadi, A. and Akbari, M. 2010. Extension Program Planning. Razi University Press. Under Publication.

- Mohammadzadeh, A. 1980. Worker participation in decision making: A comparative study, Dissertation, U.S.I.U.

- Pandit, S. 1991. Participatory management of forests in West Bengal. The Indian Forester117 (5).

(17)

- Pretty, J.N. 1990. Sustainable agriculture in the middle ages. The English Manor. Agricultural History Review. 38(1), 1-19.

- Pretty, J.N. and Vodouhe, S.D. 1997. Using rapid or participatory rural appraisal. In B.E. Swanson, R.P.

Benet and A.J. Sofranko (Eds) improving agricultural extension (47-57). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

- Pretty, J.N. 1995. Regenerating Agriculture: Policies and Practice for Sustainability and Self-Reliance.

Earth scan, London; National Academy Press, Washington; and ActionAid and Vikas, Bangalore. 320 pp.

- Bass, S. 1995. Participation in strategies for sustainable development, international institute for Environment & Development.

- Omiya, J. 2000. Citizen Participation for Good Governance and Development at local level in Kenya, Regional Dialogue, Vol. 21, No1, pp 198-212.

- Story, D. 1999. Issue of Integrated Participation and Empowerment The Case of Republic Ireland, Journal Of Rural Studies, Vol. 15. No3, pp. 307-315.

- United Nation. 1990. participatory Rural Development in Selected Countries, Emergency Committee on Integrated Rural Development for Asia & Pacific, United Nation.

- Chambers, R. 1994. Participatory Rural Approach Challenge, Potentials and Paradigm, World Development, Vol. 22, No 10, pp. 1437-1454.

- Guaraldo, Ch. Marisa. B. 1996. A Ladder of Community Participation For Under development Countries, Habitat, Vol. 20 No 3, September 1996, Pp. 431-444

- Kelley, K. H. and Vlaenderen, V. 1995. Evaluation, Participation Processes in Community Development, evaluation and Program Planning Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 371-383.

- Pears, A. and Stiefel, M. 1979. Inquiry into participation; A Research Approach, Genève, UNRISD.

- Rahman, M.D.A. 1981. Concept of an Inquiry, in development, Seeds of Change, Rome, SID.

- Story, D. 1999. Issue of Integrated Participation and Empowerment The Case of Republic Ireland, Journal Of Rural Studies, Vol. 15. No3, pp. 307-315.

(18)

Feasibility of Participatory Management in Urban Parks of Karaj

A. Asadi1*, Kh. Kalantari1, M. Akbari2 N. Motiei3 and O. Sharifi4

1 Associate Prof., Faculty of Agricultural Development and Economics, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran

2 Ph. D. Student, Faculty of Agricultural Development and Economics, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran

3 Assistant Prof., Faculty of Agricultural Development and Economics, University of Tehran, Karaj, I.R. Iran

4 Sientific Member of Agricultural Faculti of Jiroft, I.R. Iran (Received: 08 November 2009, Accepted: 31 May 2010)

Abstract

Local community participation in development programs has a long history and wide range of development agencies have tried to involve people in development plans should. In this context, the main purpose of this study was to assess feasibility of participatory management of urban parks, in city of Karaj. The study applied a descriptive-survey method of research. The statistical population included all of the people residents of the city of Karaj region in 9 areas. A sample of 203 was selected by the use of Cronbach’s Alpha through simple random sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. For determining the validity of the questionnaire, the content validity was used.

Cronbach's alpha was used to measure reliability of the instrument (0.7>). The results revealed that 6.9 percent of people were not agreed to participate in park management. In addition, 46 percent of people believed that currently the most important problem in parks management and maintenance of them.

The results of ANOVA revealed that there were not significant difference in participation intention and education; also, the t-test showed that there was not significant difference between men and women in participation intention. Thus, according to officials recommended further investigation to try the field for more participation of people with knowledge and providing more information to provide.

Key words: Participation, Participatory Management, Park, Feasibility, Karaj

*Corresponding author: Tel: +98 912 3875169 ,Fax: +98 261 2818709 , E-mail: asadi_ali1@yahoo.com

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

Iran 3Iranian Gas Engineering & Development Company Received: 29-11-2011 – Accepted: 01-05-2012 Abstract The purpose of this study is environmental risk assessment of pipelines in

Received : November 06, 2021 Accepted : November 13, 2021 Published : February 08, 2022 Conference on Community Engagement Project https://journal.uib.ac.id/index.php/concept