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=3 G+F= t 6=
. 4= N I $F=3 =
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P - 0 3 # /K@ -
@ A Q 3 4 76%
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/<
7RFS ? 6 >
69 4< J 5KE -
84 . 8 =9 1=: G. 8 . / 0
7RFS I /< 76% @ 4< J
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;L=< - = )=. T9 6 >
. 84 76% 9 J > 4F. @ / 0 PO
J 4<
. 4 N - U F9 - V >
/<
T9 ?
7RFS )$. G. 8 . ;L< - 4< J
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)=
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F . Y F3 T H N D4 Z [\, )94A - S] J 3 J
4 .
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)$.
J ) >
G X - 0 =3 # /K@ ;L< 9 4,
) )FS 4S
I6=
6=9 . )= 9 J = J =>
6= 9 > 1 =H P= 9
Mussel Watch
I $F=3
)==$.
J ==>
J ==
==T9 # /==K@ A 4==XN
== == - 0 ==3 H
== ==T 6== .
)
Beckett et al., 1996; Zhan-qiang et al.,
(.2003
). 29N
@ % # 4<4 - I6 .
)
filter-
feeder
( 6 F >
)= )<4, - 0 3 # /K@
P=<
@ N A 4XN )F 9 T >
6 .
)
Zhan-qiang et al., 2003
(.
= - = 6= 9 4,
)==
P== [ - 0 ==3 # /==K@ A 4==XN dS ==
==
)== == J ==>
6==9 ==.
. 76==%
==
Pinctada radiata
)94A J )$.
J
>
=3
)$. [. 6 9 > ).
J # /=K@ ;L=< =9 4, =>
=@ F= 4, \ 6=9 4 e - 0 3 4 )
Al-Madfa et al., 1998; John S, 2008
( .
=Af 76% - =>
)= )=94A -= )=.
g3 J 4<4 J
F 1 H G 6 ,
6 . .
0 =3 # /=K@ ;L=< =9 4, )\ )K <
-
@ 1 =>
I F= A 1 . =H U =KS J
Y @ =\ ).
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76% - )94A
=3 J =2, J i
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).
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l# $F O
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N ==>
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4A 94A Q
. )=
= =59 # /=K@ = 2, 6=3
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@ >
e 69 >
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=
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=\ >
) 2003 ( =
=9 F\X ; H \ I $F3 6=9 =T9
)=.
/K@
)$. - 0 3 # 6=+ )= = 76=% J >
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)$. J =. I6> =T =>
)
Sarver et
al., 2003
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J = 6=+
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J ==>
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6=
. I6= ?N -=
J =>
- 0 =3 #/=K@ A 4=XN K=% e 9k4H F9N Y49 === Q 6===9
)
Gibbs & Miskiewicz, 1995
( .
- V >
J >
= 9 A 4XN
I RD ). 4< A S] F$9 G= m
F$9 G+9 = X @ 0 J 3
F =% J =>
I6 .6 6 , = J =>
=A / =O m4=9
= ;4 4=
. I6= ?N -=
*= =>
F= 2, P=S o
L=E J/= N # 4=<4 )=
^ +F9 6=
)
Eromosele et al., 1995
( = 9
)= = J >L=E 7 Z * 9 R3 OS 6=9 69
i J = 6= 9 >
Minamata
)=.
^ 3 1953 -=Hk
6= I6> =T )
Chen & Chen,
( 2001
J
Ita- Ita
^ =3 ).
1955 -=Hk
6 I6> T )
Nagase et al., 1994
( . J 4= - = o
- 0 3 #/K@ A 4XN 3 8 /X = N J >
T9 1 H 1 6>
.
6Q \ Y @ U KS I 0F - ,
J =>
76%
3 ) )94A J =@ M9 @ - X ).
) F. ) )+O - I6 4= N J =>
/>
= R 1 H ^ 3 =A
)
Elisabeth,
(2008
. p ? / > @ 1 . ? 6 >
h 34 4 -= 1 . =H q +9 - ,
)=94A
Y @ U KS 9 Gm 43 69
) - m @ =% I
\ >
1379 .(
4=S 1 . =H ). )94A -
==3 )F== Y ==@ U ==KS ==9 Gm 4==3 h>
4 . ) ? 6= > /< /<
= + P
@ J/ o 9 6+ ) q +9 4=
. - = )=
J 3 S]
N 9 3 . - = - = /<
- ?
/<
=9 Gm 4=3 r /= =F$9
Y @ U KS 3
) ).
I S] KD 6= X4, J 3
FT. 4, ;N - V > 8 S $9 s >
N A 4X =Q O
. =O+9 P G= +
? /<
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3 i - ) + s = F . ?
Q A 4XN .
)=. =$A 4=F 6 = -
6= > = A69 = )= +
?
J F . Y F3 )=+O -= # 4=<4
s 6= 6 , J >
= =Q J =F . =O
69 . = [\, )=94A -= =S] J =3 J =
F < ) N D4 Z = 9
N =@ )=. =3
6 = I =. G= , J =F . Y F3 <
.
)F\9 - ) H - 3 h
8 6=. )=.
Q J F . A 4XN s <
.
) * + , - /= 0 /= 12 =3 4=5
84 ==.
76==% 8 ==9 1==: ; ==3 8 ==.
36 6 8 29
= 9 , =F <
J 94A - S] J 3 P
t 6=
=@
6 . 3 I . G , F . Y F3 ).
.
2 . Q
#
40 ==% 4E == == ==36 76==% 6==D
(SCUBA)
* D 8
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6 ) , 6 >
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P
I /< - - T+9
P =T9 = I6= I
3 .
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8
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) (TW
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8 9 1:
) (STW
76%
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= ^ F 2 =Q
001 / 0 I 6=9 8 =A 6= J = A
)94 9 8 9 1: Mw3 6< >
6 )= . J =>
\ F==3RH )==
6== 2 # 4==%
) 6==:
( )==
I 0T N 6 G+F
. 5 / 0 76% 8 9 @ 8 A >
=Q = ^ F 2 J , 001
/ 0 6= 8 =A .
@ 6 2 J >
10 K ^4=K F X
HCl
J 150 P<
F9 3 A PX4X
1 = N
)T 9 , 696 hx> J y=9 ^4=K )=.
) 6 N 3 . )= W4=@ ^4=K K =3
P @ =% L=E .
Ashless
@ 6== ==FK .
# ] Q ==
6==9 ==FK @ J
JL==E . z ==3 3 )==.
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. h=2m
;N I $F=3 = ^4K )= =O+
25 =K =F X
6 I69 3 .
5KE /= 0 J =>
84 =.
8 =.
= , ;L=< I 0F=3 I $F=3 M )
atomic
absorption spectrometry (Shaimadzu AA
- ,G70)
6 . P X O /= 0 =5KE =n m
84 . ) M 8 . # 4%
µg g-1
= ,
I6 3 .
48 68
1 1394
8 9 I $F3 /=@
SPSS 17
J = - = ,
- 0 ==3 # /==K@ ==5KE - == 7RF==S 4==<
I = /< 9 J > 4F. @ =5KE J =
J =>
) 3 9 J > 4F. @ I6 N 4= N
G+F= t
6 8 29 . - V >
4=3 H 4 N I $F3
O P - 0 3 # /K@ - 3 76%
6=
)
Quinn & Keough, 2002
(.
3 .
%! I>
U F9 ) 3 I6 N 4 N =5KE - = T9t
== 76==% 8 ==9 1==: ; ==3 == /<
= 7RFS ? 6 >
4=< J 6=9
) ^ 6<
1 .(
76% 6 o >
J >
/<
? /<
6 >
J FT ; 3 6+
6 F ) 4 9 1 .(
> 0:
1 . - ? . +7 t 2 ' @)A B C0
.- #
/01 . 7 * . # $ %
$:
< 0 =
$)*
& % ' t df P
Pb 0/920 37 0/364
Cd -4/437 37 <0/001
Mn 8/692 37 <0/001
Cr 3/699 37 <0/001
5KE -
84 .
=@ 8 =. /= 0
76%
/<
7RFS ? 6 >
= 4< J )
^ 6=<
1 .(
76=%
J =>
/<
6 >
4 .
76%
J >
/<
?
84 .
J FT 6 F
. /= 0 =5KE - V >
76% 8 . J >
= /<
76=% ? J =>
6 > I /<
FT 4 ) 4 9 1 .(
- 7 1 . & %7 ) (+SD
@)A $ %
.- #
2 ' . #
'0 /01 *
$:
< 0 =
= 7RFS 1=: G=. J
= 4< I /< - 8 9 .
X =m - = )=.
$.
P = 7RFS I /< - I6= J
6T9 ) ^ 6<
2 .(
U F9 - V >
76% 2 3
/<
G=. )=. T9 ? 6 >
76=% 8 ==9 1=:
= /< J ==>
6== >
)94 9 /< J >
? 3 FT )
4 9 2 .(
/< 43 H 4 N U F9 T9 6 >
;L< - ).
84 .
J => 4F. @ /= 0 = 76% 9
P=O = 4=< J .
- o )O
J ; =3 ;L=< 4=
84 =.
6T9 I6 ) ^ 6<
3 .(
> 0:
2 . - ? C GH' /01 + ' t
$:
< 0 =
9H t df P
TW -6/04003338 37 <0/001
SW 0/953207215 37 0/34667121
STW -8/081894152 37 <0/001
== /< 4== N -== U ==F9 - == V >
?
)=$. G=. 8 . ;L< - T9 {O3 95
6=%
= 7RF=S J
4<
. = /= 0 8 =. ; =3 ;L=< -
7RFS | > 9 J > 4F. @ I6> =T J
6T9 ) ^ 6<
4 .(
- 7 2 . & %7 ) (+SD /01 . 7 IJ KG# L#
$:
0 =
<
> 0:
3 . M 8 2 ' 2N: &
.- #
/01 7 B = -H# * . # $ %
$:
- ? C GH' 0 =
-' O
TW SW STW
Pb 43 H 0F > g n 0/328 0/328 0/309
P 0/170 0/170 0/198
Cd 43 H 0F > g n 0/804 0/661 0/838
P <0/001 <0/01 <0/001
Mn 43 H 0F > g n -0/587 -0/516 -0/600
P <0/01 <0/05 <0/01
Cr 43 H 0F > g n 0/329 0/311 0/299
P 0/168 0/194 0/214
> 0:
4 . M 8 2 ' 2N: &
.- #
/01 7 B = -H# * . # $ %
$:
- ? C GH' <
-' O
TW SW STW
Pb P 0/155 0/077 0/364
43 H 0F > g n -0/331 -0/404 -0/215
Cd P <0/05 <0/05 0/420
43 H 0F > g n 0/450 0/516 0/191
Mn P 0/814 0/437 0/784
43 H 0F > g n -0/056 -0/184 -0/065
Cr P 0/786 0/561 0/664
43 H 0F > g n 0/065 -0/138 0/104
50 68
1 1394
4 . R
J N / X 9N U F9
| >
6 > /< 8 6.
? PO
J =9 J => 4F. @ -
; 3 {O3
@ 76% J >
6=9 =T9 .
=T9 = 76=% ; 3 /K@ 2, / 76% - 5KE - ).
/<
6 >
7RFS ? 69 4< J
. -= ) =T
;N 4 6 I6> T / 9 Y @ U KS OQ J >
)==3 - == ; ==3 ==5KE
==O+9 P
Al-Orooq Al-
Ezam Al-Gharby
| >
69 T9 , $, )
Al-
Madfa et al., 1998
( . - )=\ )= )=<4,
; 3 /<
} A 4XN )F3 F % J >
J6 4
)
Davari et al., 2010
( > ). $A 4,
A 4XN s )+O T
~ F =% = X @
| => = 69 Q
e=
A 4=XN -= s =
6 F 9 . 6=+ [. 6=m J > 69 F=3 )= )<4,
@ ; 3
)$.
J >
J >
FSANZ
+ EC
P = ; 3 6+
) =3 -= I6= N
) X O - )2 F9 G% m ). 4
| >
e=
/<
= A 4=XN s ? 6 >
T
~ ;Rn @ 6 F 9 .
5KE - 84 =.
= /<
6= >
7RFS ? 4< J
. 84 . /= 9
; =3 6 9 >
}/=<
)F=3 F =% A 4=XN J6=
==
4==
)
Davari et al., 2010
( . )== )==<4,
J > 69 F===3
EC FSANZ
6===+
84 ===.
==
)
==3 6==+ [. 6==m )== X O -== I6== N
84 . )$. @
J >
F . =3 i - =
| >
e A 4XN /<
84 . 6=9 4=<
.
5KE 84 . | => )=. . 6 , )F\9 - / 9
e A 4XN W4@ /<
~=T F =% = X @
6==9 69 . == 2, /== )==F X 84 ==.
== /<
N =KD )=. 3 ? FT 6 >
-=\
3 =5KE - = # =$, 84 =.
# 4=3
6 )+O )
Sadig & Alam, 1989
( . =5KE -
84 . 8 =9 1=: - V > )F34H
/<
6 >
PO 4< J
. 0 J43
/<
5KE - / 9 ? 84 .
)F34H PO
6 I6> T J -
5KE 84 . )=O -= 76=% 8 9 1:
6==T9 I6==
. - == )==\ )== )==<4, PF==34H
76%
= 7RF=S ? 6= > J =>
J
== 69 4==<
76==% 8 ==9 1==: ==
J ==>
6 >
76%
J >
? FT 4 )= )<4,
)==\
==5KE 84 ==.
76==%
6== > J ==>
FT 76%
>
J
? 4 )2 F9 4,
@ A
5KE A ).
84 . 76%
= J >
6=m )=
% S 6=> 4S )O 76% 8 9 1: 63
) 76% 6 9 >
6 > J >
( =F . A
6 % S 6m ;L< -
84 =.
1=:
76==% 8 ==9 )==O | ==>
J == 6==> 4:9 4==<
) 76% 6 9 >
J >
? ( 76=% A )\
6=3 =% S 6m ) =5KE
84 =.
)=09 = •
6 6> 4S )F )
Douben, 1989
(.
/ 0 8 . 6+ - 7RF=S I /<
6 I6> T J .
=> /= 0 =5KE
J > 69 F====3 I ==== /<
X F====3 MAFF
)
Thomas et al., 1970
( 9 F )
McCance et
al., 2002
( ==F .
==3 i - ==
F5KE 4.L==
9 ;4 A 4XN 4
. =0 J43 )=<4,
J • =, | => # 4=3 /= 0 {O=3 )\ ) 69 76% N 2, )
Sadig & Alam,
(1989
)2 F9 4,
=@ A =5KE # =$, )=.
@ I /< - I6 T
~ J 0 .
=T
~
4A ==94A ==% # ==n F==T /== 0
==3
)
Barua et al., 2011
(i ^ = Fm - )=.
I6> T 7RFS
6= G= X -= )= I6 .
U =F9
4===3 H 4=== N
=== /<
- === 6=== >
/ 0 ;L< 9 J > 4F. @ =O
P = J
6=T9 I6 ? J 4 - o 69 T9 .
/== 0 ==5KE )==. )==F\9 -== )== )==<4, 76==%
76==% 4== F==T ? J ==>
J ==>
FT 6 >
76%
J >
-= 4 ? )=94A
q F3 = % S 6m , / 0 5KE ). 4
q , 9 J > 4F. @ .
69 F=3 ? 8 . 6+
J >
MAFF
== 9 F )
McCance et al., 2002
( X F==3
)
Thomas et al., 1970
( F=T 4=
6=+ =
8 . ) 3 I6 N 6 >
) O+9 P - J
> 69 F3 e /9
4 . - , $A 4,
8 . A 4XN 4<4 A 4XN 3
. -= ) )<4,
e= 8 . ). )F\9 =
h =5 , 96=
=@
)==$.
J
==>
== 9 )
Farrell & Nassichuk,
( 1984
I6> T 7RFS I6
3 -\
=KD
6 )F : FT ? # 43 8 . 6+
3 )
Sadig & Alam, 1989
( ? )=\ =
== s ==
I 4==XN 6== . )==. ==Q 8 ==.
= = # 4=3 J FT # X O 6 9 I 4XN 6 . )+O
=3 . 8 =. 6=+ - =
/ 9 76% 9 J > 4F. @ PO
= J
= 69 4<
i ^ = Fm - = =5KE )=.
h 5 , 76% 6 8 . I6
% S {O3
4=== )F=== )===09 )
Canli & Atli, 2003
( .
X @ h= =\ \ X4 F J >
K 4=D - =,
- 0 ==3 # /==K@ == 2, 6==+ J )==. ==3 1===+9 === === / N )
Roesijadi &
Robinson, 1994; Heath, 1995
( . 0 J43
- @ 4< @ \ X4 F X @ F=T
3 i = =5F9 - = # /=K@ = 2, )=.
-= =@ FT 4< @ - 0 3 6=
)
Nussey et al., 2000; Widianarko et al.,
(2000
. ) X O - =9 J > 4F. @ -
8 =. ; =3 6+
)=O | =>
J 6=T9 I6=
.
- = X @ = $A 4, \ X4 =F J =>
===@
4A ===94A h=== 9 \ === ===3 === \
h 5 , I6 . , 6+ - ). 4< J h =5
6 . i
>
U F9 ). 4
Douben
)=. T9
F =• 6=+ )= =% S -=3 6 # /K@ 2, 63 )
Douben, 1989
(.
) K. 4 6 o >
X O P )=. T9 n m
4S - 0 3 # /K@ 76%
<
6 .
4=S 4= H A 4=XN n J 4A 69 4, 6 q , -F 69 = 2, # /=K@ 76=%
I 6=9 =S )F@
J = A )= X O -= J =>
76% 6 # /K@ 5KE h 5 , 9 4, ^ Fm € ==O ==
==
6== . 4==<4 e== N
g3 9 4, \ 69 3
. =T H =
4=
# == X O
==,N 6==+
# /==K@
4==<4
;N ==>
# 43 +O
P 4 ) X O / 9 =3 694=
=,
O P = = 76=% 6 # /K@ 5KE -
) 6 N 3 . O 3 8 ? - V >
P -3
76===% -=== # /===K@ === 2, )=== X O
J
3 > 0T N 4
. - V >
=$A 4,
6 > A69 ).
) + ?
4S J F . Y F3 3
-= # 4<4
# 6 6 , s )+O J =F . O
69 Q .
)94A - S] J 3 J -
N D4 Z [\, =T H 6= > = <
4 .
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