درﺧﺘﺎن ي ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰ ي ﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ و ﻮه ﻴﻣ ي ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﺮ آب ﻣﻌ

(1)

ﺛﺄﺗ ﻴ ﺮ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺎﺑ بﺎﺴﭘ و

ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ بآ ﺮﺑ

تﺎﻔﺻ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ

ي ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ و ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ

ي ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ي

نﺎﺘﺧرد

ز ﻳ نﻮﺘ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺛﺄﺗ ﻴ ﺮ ود ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي

ﻲﺒﻧ ﻪﻟا ﻲﻓﺮﺷا -

1

يﺪﻬﻣ يﺮﺼﻴﻗ

2

-

*

ﻲﻠﻋ ﻲﻜﻟﺎﻣ -

3

ﺖﺨﺒﻜﻴﻧ ﻲﻠﻋ

4

ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :

08 / 11 / 1392

شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :

03 / 09 / 1393

ﻜﭼ ﻴ هﺪ

ﻤﻄﻣ بآ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ بﺎﺴﭘ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻪﻤﻴﻧ و ﻚﺸﺧ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ يزروﺎﺸﻛ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ گرﺰﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ فاﺮﻃا رد ﻦﺌ

. فﺪـﻫ زا

اﻳ ﻦ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺮﺛا بﺎﺴﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ي و تﺎﻔﺻ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ي ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ زﻳ نﻮﺘ رد ود ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺘﺸﻧ ﻲ زﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ و ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ دﻮﺑ . ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ رد

ﺐﻟﺎﻗ تﺮﻛ ﺎﻫ ي دﺮﺧ هﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ود رﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ) زﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ و ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ ( و ﻛ ﻴ ﻔ ﻴ ﺖ بآ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ) بﺎﺴﭘ و بآ ﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻲ ( رد رﺎـﻬﭼ راﺮـﻜﺗ ـﻃ ﻲ ود لﺎـﺳ

مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﺷ . رد ﺎﻬﺘﻧا ي ﻞﺼﻓ

،دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ نزو ﺮﻫ ﻣ ﻴ

،هﻮ

،ﻢﺠﺣ لﻮﻃ و ﺘﻔﺳ ﻲ ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ هزاﺪﻧا ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ي ﺪﺷ . ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﺞ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺎﺑ بﺎﺴﭘ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ اﺰﻓا ﻳ ﺶ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

،ﻞـﻛ

نزو ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ ) 15 ﺪﺻرد (

، ﻢﺠﺣ ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ ) 23 ﺻرد ﺪ ( و ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ گﺮﺑ ) 22 ﺪﺻرد ( ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ بآ ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ دﺮﮔ ﻳ هﺪ ﺖﺳا . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻦ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي زﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ

اﺰﻓا ﻳ ﺶ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ) 65 ﺪﺻرد (

، رد ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ) 32 ﺪﺻرد (

، ارﺎﻛ ﻲﻳ ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ) 18 ﺪﺻرد ( و نزو ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ ) 17 ﺪﺻرد ( و ﺮﻄﻗ ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا . ﺎﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﺎـﺘﻧ ﻳ ﺞ ﻪـﺑ

ﺖﺳد هﺪﻣآ بﺎﺴﭘ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻌﺒﻨﻣ ﻲ ﺎﭘ ﻳ راﺪ رد ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي و ﻢﻫ ﻨﭼ ﻴ ﻦ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ دﻮﻛ ي رد تﺎﻏﺎﺑ زﻳ نﻮﺘ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا دﻮﺷ . ﻢﻫ ﻨﭼ ﻴ ﻦ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ـﻴ رﺎ ي ز ـﻳ ﺮ

ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ رد ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺎﺑ بﺎﺴﭘ ﺮﺗﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ زا ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ ﺖﺳا و ﺚﻋﺎﺑ اﺰﻓا ﻳ ﺶ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﺪﺷ .

هژاو يﺎﻫ ﻠﻛ ﻴ ﺪ ي : ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي

، ﻓوﺮﻠﻛ ﻴ ﻞ ﺲﻧﺎﺳرﻮﻠﻓ

، ﺘﺸﻧ ﻲ زﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ

ﻘﻣ

1

ﻪﻣﺪ

زﻳ نﻮﺘ زا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﮔ ﻴ نﺎﻫﺎ ﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻪﺸ ﺰﺒـﺳ ﺖـﺳا ﻪـﻛ

ًﺎﺗﺪـﻤﻋ رد ﺣاﻮـﻧ ﻲ

ﺪﻣ ﻳ ﻪﻧاﺮﺘ ا ي ﺖﺸﻛ ﻣ ﻲ دﻮﺷ و ﻪﺑ فﺮﺼﻣ روآﺮﻓ ي و هزﺎﺗ رﻮﺧ ي ﻣ ﻲ ﺪـﺳر

) 10 (

، و رد لﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي ﺧا ﻴ ﺮ ﻪﺑ ﻟد ﻴ ﻞ اﺰﻓا ﻳ ﺶ فﺮﺼﻣ نآ و ﻦـﻏور ـﺸﻛ ﻲ

ﺖﺸﻛ نآ رد ﺎﺳ ﻳ ﺮ طﺎﻘﻧ نﺎﻬﺟ ﻧﻴ ﺰ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻣ ﻲ دﻮﺷ ) 17 .(

ﻪﭼﺮﮔا زﻳ نﻮﺘ

ﮔ ﻴ ﻫﺎ ﻲ موﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺧ ﻜﺸ ﻲ ﺖﺳا ﻟو ﻲ دﻮﺒﻤﻛ بآ ﻲﻜﻳ زا دوﺪﺤﻣ ﻳ ﺖ ﺎـﻫ ي

ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﺸﻛ زﻳ نﻮﺘ رد ﺎﻴﻧد بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻣ ﻲ دﻮﺷ . رد ﺶﻨﺗ ﺎﻫ ي ﻲﺑآ

،ﻒﻴﻔﺧ

دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ هﻮﻴﻣ زا ﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﻤﻛ و ﻲﻔﻴﻛ و ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ نﺎﺘﺧرد نﻮـﺘﻳز

ﺎﺗ يدوﺪﺣ رد ضﺮﻌﻣ ﺮﻄﺧ راﺮﻗ ﻣ ﻲ ﮔ ﻴ ﺪﻧﺮ ، رد ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﻪـﻛ رد ﺶﻨـﺗ ﺎـﻫ ي

ﻲﻠﻴﺧ

،ﺪﻳﺪﺷ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ هﻮﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ زا ﻴﺑ ﻦ ﻪﺘﻓر و ﻲﮔﺪﻧز نﺎـﺘﺧرد

-1 يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻛد يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد و نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ﻖﺑﺎﺳ يﺮـﺘ

مﻮﻠﻋ

،ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻏﺎﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد

،يزروﺎﺸﻛ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻟ

2 و 3 - رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد و ﻖﺑﺎﺳ

ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ﺪﺷرا هوﺮﮔ ﻲـﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ

،بآ هﺪﻜـﺸﻧاد

،يزروﺎﺸﻛ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ نﺎﻬﻔﺻا

*) - لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :

Email: [email protected]

(

4 - رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا هوﺮﮔ مﻮﻠﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻏﺎﺑ و هوﺮـﮔ ﻲـﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲـﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ يﺎـﻀﻓ ﺰﺒـﺳ

،يﺮﻬـﺷ

هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد

،يزروﺎﺸﻛ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ نﺎﻬﻔﺻا

ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ يﺪﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺘﻓا ) 12 (.

اﺰﻓا ﻳ ﺶ بآ دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ي ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ

اﺰﻓا ﻳ ﺶ ﺪﺷر و دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ زﻳ نﻮﺘ ﻣ ﻲ دﻮﺷ ) 18 ( ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ي ﻪﻛ هزاﺪﻧا ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ و

دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺛﺄﺗ ﻴ ﺮ ﻣ ﻴ ناﺰ بآ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) 14 .(

دﻮﺒﻤﻛ بآ رد ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻚﺸﺧ و ﻧﻴ ﻪﻤ ﻚﺸﺧ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ دﺮﮔ ﻳ هﺪ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ

نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ روﺎﺸﻛ

ز ي ﻪﺑ ﺖﻤﺳ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا بﺎﺴﭘ ﺎﻫ و بﻼﺿﺎﻓ ﺎﻫ ي زﺎﺑ

ﻳ ﺘﻓﺎ ﻲ اﺮﺑ ي زروﺎﺸﻛ ي ﺐﻠﺟ دﻮﺷ ) 16 .(

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا بﺎﺴﭘ اﺮـﺑ ي ﺑآ ـﻴ رﺎ ي

زﻳ نﻮﺘ ﻪﺑ ﻟد ﻴ ﻞ اﻳ ﻪﻜﻨ زﻳ نﻮﺘ ﮔ ـﻴ ﻫﺎ ﻲ موﺎـﻘﻣ هدﻮـﺑ ) 6 ( و فﺮـﺼﻣ هزﺎـﺗ

رﻮﺧ ي دراﺪﻧ و روآﺮﻓ ي نآ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻴ ﻢ ﺎﻬﻧژﻮﺗﺎﭘ و ﻣ ﻴ ﻧﺎﮔراوﺮﻜ ﻴ ﻢﺴ ﺎـﻫ

ار ﺮﺑ فﺮﻃ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻛ ) 15 (

، اﺮﮕﻧ ﻧ ﻲ دراﺪﻧ . ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ـﻠﻛ ﻲ بﺎـﺴﭘ ﺎـﻫ اراد ي

هﺪﻤﻋ داﻮﻣ اﺬﻏ ﻲﻳ درﻮـﻣ ﻧ ـﻴ زﺎ ﮔ ـﻴ هﺎ ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻧﻴ

،نژوﺮـﺘ

،ﺮﻔـﺴﻓ و ـﺳﺎﺘﭘ ﻴ ﻢ

ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﺑ ترﺎﺒﻋ د ﻳ ﺮﮕ بﺎﺴﭘ ﺎﻫ هوﻼﻋ ﺮﺑ ﻣﺄﺗ ﻴ ﻦ ﻧ ـﻴ زﺎ ـﺑآ ﻲ ﮔ ﻴ نﺎـﻫﺎ

،

داﻮﻣ اﺬﻏ ﻲﻳ درﻮﻣ ﻧﻴ زﺎ ﮔ ﻴ نﺎﻫﺎ ار ﻧﻴ ﺰ ﺎﺗ دوﺪﺣ ي ﻣﺄﺗ ﻴ ﻦ ـﻣ ﻲ ﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ) 8 .(

زا

ﻓﺮﻃ ﻲ زﻳ دﺎ ي اﻳ ﻦ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ـﻤﻧ ﻚ ﺎـﻫ ي لﻮـﻠﺤﻣ ـﻣ ﻲ ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ ﺮـﺛا

ﺳﻮﻜﻌﻣ ﻲ ﺮﺑ ور ي ﺪﺷر و ﻮﻤﻧ ﮔ ﻴ هﺎ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) 4 .(

رد ﻖﻃﺎــﻨﻣ ﻚــﺸﺧ و ﻧﻴ ﻪــﻤ ﻚــﺸﺧ دﻮــﺒﻬﺑ شور ﺎــﻫ ي ﺑآ ــﻴ رﺎ ي و

ﺪﻣ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺖ ﺤﺻ ﻴ ﺢ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﻪﺑ و ﻳ هﮋ رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا بﺎﺴﭘ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺸﺨﺑ ﻲ زا

دﻮﺒﻤﻛ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ بآ ار ناﺮﺒﺟ ﺪﻨﻛ . ﻳ ﻜ ﻲ زا ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺗ ﻳ ﻦ

،ﺎﻫرﺎﻜﻫار

هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا

زا

(2)

ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ ي ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺪﺟ ﻳ ﺪ و ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻦ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺎﭘ ﻳ راﺪ بآ ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ بﺎـﺴﭘ ﺎـﻫ

ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺎﺑ فﺪﻫ ﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲ نﺎﻜﻣا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا بﺎﺴﭘ ﺎﻫ رد

تﺎﻏﺎﺑ زﻳ نﻮﺘ و ﺮﺛا نآ ﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﺎـﻫ ي ﺰﺘﻨـﺳﻮﺘﻓ ي و ﻛ ﻴ ﻔ ـﻴ ﺖ ﻣ ـﻴ هﻮ و

ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻦ ﺛﺄﺗ ﻴ ﺮ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ز ـﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄـﺳ ﻲ و ﺤﻄـﺳ ﻲ رد هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا زا

بﺎﺴﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺧرد زﻳ نﻮﺘ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﻓﺮﮔ .

داﻮﻣ و شور ﺎﻫ

اﻳ ﻦ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﻃ ﻲ لﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي 1391 - 1389 رد هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﺘﻌﻨـﺻ ﻲ

نﺎﻬﻔﺻا مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . نﺎﺘﺧرد ﺖﺸﻫ ﻪﻟﺎﺳ زﻳ نﻮﺘ ﻢـﻗر ـﻨﻏور ﻲ ﻪـﻛ ﺎـﺑ

ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ 4

× 4 ﺮﺘﻣ رد كﺎﺧ اراد ي ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻨﺷ ﻲ ﻣﻮﻟ ﻲ ﺎـﺑ 60 ﺎـﺗ 75 ﺪـﺻرد

ﮓﻨﺳ رﻳ هﺰ ﺎﺑ 5 /

pH =

7

dS/m

و 8 /

EC=

2 ﻪﺘﺷﺎﻛ هﺪﺷ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ

، اﺮﺑ ي

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ود لﺎﺳ رد ﺐـﻟﺎﻗ ﺎـﻣزآ ﻳ ﺶ تﺮـﻛ

ﺎﻫ ي دﺮﺧ هﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ود رﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ و رﺎـﻬﭼ راﺮـﻜﺗ اﺮـﺟا ﺪـﺷ . رﻮﺘﻛﺎـﻓ ﻲﻠـﺻا

،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ يرﺎﻴﺑآ رد ود ﺢﻄﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ يرﺎـﻴﺑآ ﻲﺤﻄـﺳ

ﻲﺘﺸﻧ و ﻲﺘﺸﻧ - ﺮﻳز ﻲﺤﻄﺳ و ﻞـﻣﺎﻋ ﻲـﻋﺮﻓ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ بآ يرﺎـﻴﺑآ ﻪـﻛ

ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ود ﺢﻄﺳ بآ ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ و بﺎـﺴﭘ ﻪﻴﻔـﺼﺗ هﺪـﺷ يﺮﻬـﺷ دﻮـﺑ . د ر

ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﻲﺘـﺸﻧ - ﺮـﻳز ﻲﺤﻄـﺳ زا ﻪـﻟﻮﻟ ﺶـﻜﻫز ﺎـﺑ ﺮـﻄﻗ 110

ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ فﺎﻴﻟا ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ زا ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ نﺎﺘﺳزﻮﺧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪـﺷ

http://pvckhouzestan.com

) (

ﻪﻛ ﻪـﺑ لﻮـﻃ ﺖـﻔﻫ ﺮـﺘﻣ ياﺮـﺑ ود

ﺖﺧرد هدﺎﻣآ و رد ﻚﻳ ﺖﻤﺳ ﺖﺧرد رد ﻖﻤﻋ 30 - 40 ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ يﺮـﺘﻣ زا

ﺢﻄﺳ كﺎﺧ و ﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ 40 ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ زا ﻪﻗﻮﻃ ﺖـﺧرد رد ﺮـﺧاوا 1389

رﺎﻛ ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ ﺪﺷ . اﺮﺑ ي مﺎﺠﻧا ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﻢﺠﺣ بآ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ هﺪﺷ اﺮـﺑ ي ﺮـﻫ

ﺖﺧرد ﻳ ﻚ ﺎﺟ زا ﺮﻃ ﻳ ﻖ ار ﻳ رﺰ ﻢﺋﺎﻗ ﻞﺧاد ﻪﻟﻮﻟ 110 ﻣ ﻴﻠ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ ي رﻳ ﻪـﺘﺨ

ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷ . رد ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﻢﻫ ود ﺖﺧرد رد ﺮﻫ راﺮﻜﺗ رد ﻮﺟ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﺎـﺑ ﺐﻴﺷ

ود رد راﺰﻫ راﺮﻗ هداد ﺪﺷ و ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ﻢـﻫ نﺎـﻣز يرﺎـﻴﺑآ ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ . بآ

ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ زا ﻪﻜﺒﺷ بآ ﻲﻋارز هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﻦﻴﻣﺄـﺗ و بﺎـﺴﭘ

ﻪﻴﻔﺼﺗ هﺪﺷ زا ﻪﻴﻔﺼﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﻪﺑ ﻞـﺤﻣ ﻞـﻘﺘﻨﻣ

ﺪﺷ . نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي اﺮﺑ ي ود ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي 100 ﺪﺻرد رد ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ

ﺪﺷ . لوﺪﺟ 1 ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ بﺎـﺴﭘ نﺎـﺸﻧ هداد هﺪـﺷ

،ﺖـﺳا ناﺰـﻴﻣ

ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ رد بﺎﺴﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد بﺬـﺟ ﻲـﻤﺗا ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ ﺺﻴﺨـﺸﺗ

دﻮﺒﻧ . اﺮﺑ ي ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ زﺎﻴﻧ ﻲﺑآ نﻮﺘﻳز زا ﻪـﻄﺑار ﻮﺋﺎـﻓ ﻦﻤﻨـﭘ – - ﺘﻧﺎﻣ ـﻴ ﺚ و

ﺮﺿ ﻳ ﺐ ﮔ ﻴ ﻫﺎ ﻲ زﻳ نﻮﺘ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ ) 2 .(

ﺮﺑ سﺎﺳا ﺖﻓﺎﺑ

،كﺎﺧ دوﺪﺤﻣ ﻳ ﺖ

كﺎﺧ رد ﻖﻤﻋ و ﻖﻤﻋ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ رﻳ ﻪﺸ ﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣ ﻖﻤﻋ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺪـﺷ .

راﺪﻘﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ بآ دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ي رد ﺮﻫ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ جﺎـﺗ ﺶـﺷﻮﭘ

نﺎﺘﺧرد اﺮﺑ ي ﺮﻫ ﺖﺧرد ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ 114 ﻟﻴ ﺮﺘ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺪﺷ . اﺮﺑ ي ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﻦ نﺎﻣز

ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي زا ﺨﺒﺗ ﻴ ﺮ - قﺮﻌﺗ ﻌﻤﺠﺗ ﻲ ﮔ ﻴ هﺎ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ . اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻳ ﻦ رد ـﻃ ﻲ هرود

ﺪﺷر رود ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﻐﺘﻣ ﻴ ﺮ

،دﻮﺑ ﺎﻣا رد ﺮﻫ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﻖﻤﻋ و رود ﺑآ ـﻴ رﺎ ي اﺮـﺑ ي

ود ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﻳ نﺎﺴﻜ دﻮﺑ . رد ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺘﺸﻧ ﻲ - زﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ ﻢﺠﺣ بآ درﻮﻣ

ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﻳ ﺎﺠﻜ رد تﺪﻣ 3 ﺎﺗ 5 ﻗد ﻴ ﻪﻘ ﻞﺧاد ار ﻳ رﺰ ﻞﺼﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪـﻟﻮﻟ

110 ﻣ ﻴ ــﻠ ﻲ ﺮــﺘﻣ ي رﻳ ﻪــﺘﺨ ــﻣ ﻲ ﺪــﺷ . رد يرﺎــﻴﺑآ ﺤﻄــﺳ ﻲ بآ ﻞــﺧاد

ﻮﺟ ي ﺎﻫ ي فاﺮﻃا ﺖﺧرد ﻪﻛ ود فﺮﻃ نآ ﺎﻫ دوﺪـﺴﻣ هﺪـﺷ دﻮـﺑ ﻳ ﺎـﺠﻜ

رﻳ ﻪﺘﺨ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷ .

رد يﺎﻬﺘﻧا

،ﻞﺼﻓ ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ ﺎـﻫ ﺖـﺷادﺮﺑ هﺪـﺷ و هداد رادﺮـﺑ ي زا نآ ﺎـﻫ

مﺎﺠﻧا ﮔ ﺖﻓﺮ . اﺮﺑ ي هزاﺪﻧا ﮔ ـﻴ ﺮ ي ﺘﻔـﺳ ﻲ ﻣ ـﻴ هﻮ زا هﺎﮕﺘـﺳد رﺎـﺸﻓ ﺞﻨـﺳ

ﺘﺳد ﻲ )

Mc Cormic-FT 327

لﺪﻣ (

ﺖﺧﺎﺳ رﻮﺸﻛ اﻳ ﻟﺎﺘ ﻴﺎ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ .

لﻮﻃ و ﺮﻄﻗ ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﻟﻮﻛ ﻴ ﺲ د ﻳ ﺠ ﻴ لﺎﺘ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻗد ﻳ ﻚ ﻣ ﻴﻠ ﻲ ﺮـﺘﻣ

هزاﺪﻧا ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ي ﺪﺷ . اﺮﺑ ي ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ ﺮﻫ ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ زا شور ﻪﺑﺎﺟ ﺎـﺟ ﻲﻳ بآ

رد ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا دﺮﮔ ﻳ ﺪ ) 3 .(

لوﺪﺟ 1 - ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ﻲﻔﻴﻛ يﺎﻫ بﺎﺴﭘ

يرﺎﻴﺑآ ياﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﻴﻔﺼﺗ

Table1- Chemical characteristics of recycle water used for irrigation ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ بﺎﺴﭘ ﻪﻴﻔﺼﺗ هﺪﺷ

Wastewater يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ

هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﻴﮔ هﺪﺷ

Measured factors

106.96 تﺎﻔﻟﻮﺳ

) ﻲﻠﻴﻣ مﺮﮔ رد ﺮﺘﻴﻟ (

SO4-2 (mg L^-1)

147.45 ﻲﺑ

تﺎﻨﺑﺮﻛ ) ﻲﻠﻴﻣ مﺮﮔ رد ﺮﺘﻴﻟ (

HCO₃^-1 (mg L^-1)

134.5 ﻢﻴﺳﺎﺘﭘ

) ﻲﻠﻴﻣ مﺮﮔ رد ﺮﺘﻴﻟ

(

K (mg L^-1)

115.8 ﻢﻳﺪﺳ

) ﻲﻠﻴﻣ مﺮﮔ رد ﺮﺘﻴﻟ (

Na(mg L^-1)

10.2 ﺮﻔﺴﻓ

ﻞﻛ ) ﻲﻠﻴﻣ مﺮﮔ رد ﺮﺘﻴﻟ (

P (mg L^-1)

24.6 ﻧﻴ

نژوﺮﺘ ﻞﻛ ) ﻲﻠﻴﻣ مﺮﮔ رد ﺮﺘﻴﻟ (

N(mg L^-1)

8.7 pH

ﻲﻜﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﺖﻳاﺪﻫ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ 1.3 )

ﺮﺘﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺲﻨﻤﻳز ﻲﺳد (

EC (dSm^-1 )

(3)

اﺮﺑ ي هزاﺪﻧا ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ي ارﺎﻛ ﻲﻳ ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ

Fv/Fm

) ( زا هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﻓوﺮﻠﻛ ـﻴ ﻞ

ﺲﻧﺎـﺳرﻮﻠﻓ ﺞﻨـﺳ

RS232, Hansatch Instruent LTD

) (

ﺖﺧﺎـﺳ

رﻮﺸﻛ نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮕﻧا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ . مزﻻ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻛذ ﺖﺳا ﻪﻛ تﺪـﻣ نﺎـﻣز لﻮـﻃ

هرود رﺎﺗ ﻳ ﻜ ﻲ 15 ﻗد ﻴ ﻪﻘ اﺮﺑ ي ﺮﻫ راﺮـﻜﺗ دﻮـﺑ . رﻮﺘﻛﺎـﻓ يﺎـﻫ طﻮـﺑﺮﻣ ﻪـﺑ

تﻻدﺎﺒﺗ يزﺎﮔ گﺮﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

،ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ﺖﻳاﺪﻫ ﻪـﻧزور يا و ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ

CO2

ﺮﻳز ﻪﻧزور ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻞﻤﺣ هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﻴﮔ ﺰﺘﻨـﺳﻮﺘﻓ

(Li-

گﺮـﺑ

6400,LICOR, Lincoln, NE, USA)

رد گﺮﺑ

ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ

رد ﺮﻫ راﺮﻜﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﻦﻳﺪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ـﻫ ﺮ گﺮـﺑ ﻪـﺑ تﺪـﻣ 30 ﻪـﻴﻧﺎﺛ

نورد ﻚﻗﺎﺗا هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﻴﮔ تﻻدﺎﺒﺗ يزﺎﮔ گﺮﺑ راﺮﻗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . هزاﺪﻧا يﺮـﻴﮔ

رد زور فﺎﺻ و ﻲﺑﺎﺘﻓآ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ 11 ﺎﺗ 12 مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﺷ . رد لﻮﻃ هزاﺪﻧا -

يﺮﻴﮔ يﺎﻣد ﻚﻗﺎﺗا دوﺪﺣ 32 ﺎﺗ 35 ﻪﺟرد سﻮﻴﺴﻠﺳ دﻮﺑ . ﻟﺎﻧآ ﻴ ﺰ و ﺰﺠﺗ ﻳ ﻪ

و ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻞ هداد ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا مﺮﻧ ﺎﻫراﺰﻓا ي رﺎـﻣآ

SAS

ي

Statistix

و

مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﻓﺮﮔ و اﺮﺑ ي ﺎﻘﻣ ﻳ ﻪﺴ ﻣ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻦ تﺎﻔﺻ درﻮﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ زا نﻮﻣزآ

LSD

رد ﺢﻄﺳ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺪﺻرد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ .

ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﺞ و ﺚﺤﺑ

يراد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﺛا بآ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ لوﺪﺟ ﺮـﺑ

،ﺮﻄﻗ ﻢﺠﺣ و نزو ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺖﺳا ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ي ﻪﻛ نزو ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ 17 ﺪـﺻرد

و ﺮﻄﻗ ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ 5 ﺪﺻرد رد ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي بﺎﺴﭘ ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ دﻮﺑ ) لوﺪـﺟ 2 ( . ـﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻦ ﺑآ

ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺎﺑ بﺎﺴﭘ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ اﺰﻓا ﻳ ﺶ 21 ﺪﺻرد رد ﻢﺠﺣ ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ دﺮﮔ ـﻳ هﺪ ﺖـﺳا .

بﺎﺴﭘ ﺛﺄﺗ ﻴ ﺮ ي ﺮﺑ ﺘﻔﺳ ﻲ و لﻮﻃ ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ ﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧ ﺖﺳا ) لوﺪﺟ 3 .(

ﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺮﺛا

ﻛ ﻴ ﻔ ﻴ ﺖ بآ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ي نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﺮﺛا ﻛ ﻴ ﻔ ـﻴ ﺖ بآ

ﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ راد هدﻮﺑ ﺖﺳا . ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ي

،ﻪﻛ ﮔ ﻴ نﺎﻫﺎ ﺑآ ـﻴ رﺎ ي

هﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ بﺎﺴﭘ 22 ﺪﺻرد ﻣ ﻴ ناﺰ ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ي ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ بآ ﻲﻟﻮـﻤﻌﻣ

ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺪﻧا . ﻣ ﻴ ناﺰ اﺪﻫ ﻳ ﺖ زﻳ ﺮ ﻪﻧزور و د ي ﺴﻛا ﻴ ﺪ ﻦﺑﺮﻛ زﻳ ﺮ ﻪﻧزور فﻼﺘﺧا

رﺎﻣآ ي ﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ راد ي نﺎﺸﻧ

،داﺪﻧ ﻪﭼﺮﮔا رد دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ بﺎﺴﭘ ﻣ ـﻴ ناﺰ ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘـﺸ ي

ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ بآ كﺎﭘ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺪﻧا . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻦ ﺮﺛا ﻛ ﻴ ﻔ ﻴ ﺖ بآ آﺑ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ

ﻓوﺮﻠﻛ ﻴ ﻞ ﺴﻧﺎﺳرﻮﻠﻓ ﻲ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ راد هدﻮﺒﻧ ﺖﺳا ) لوﺪـﺟ 3 .(

زا نآ ﺎـﺟ ﻲﻳ ﻪـﻛ

ﻣ ﻴ ناﺰ تزا و ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ءﺰﺟ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ روﺮﺿ ي اﺮﺑ ي ﮔ ﻴ هﺎ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺎـﻫ بﺎﺴﭘ و

،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ و تزا صﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ زا ﻲﻨﻏ دﻮـﺟو

ا ـﻳ ﻦ

ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ اﺰﻓا ﻳ ﺶ ﺪﺷر و دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻣ ﻲ دﻮﺷ ) 15 .(

ﺛﺄﺗ ﻴ ﺮ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺮﺑ ﺮﻄﻗ و لﻮﻃ ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ راد دﻮـﺑ و ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘـﺴ

ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي زﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻳ ﻦ لﻮﻃ و ﺮﻄﻗ ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ ار ﺖﺷاد . نزو ﻣ ـﻴ هﻮ رد

ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي زﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ 12 / 4 مﺮﮔ دﻮﺑ ﻪﻛ رد ﺎﻘﻣ ﻳ ﻪﺴ ﺎـﺑ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘـﺴ ﺤﻄـﺳ ﻲ

17 ﺪﺻرد اﺰﻓا ﻳ ﺶ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻫد ) لوﺪﺟ 4 .(

ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ

،ﻦ ﻢـﺠﺣ و ﺘﻔـﺳ ﻲ

ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ رد نﺎﺘﺧرد ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي هﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ زﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄـﺳ ﻲ ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘـﺸ زا ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘـﺴ

ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ دﻮﺑ ) لوﺪﺟ 4 .(

لوﺪﺟ 2 - هداد ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ

هزاﺪﻧا يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ ﺮﺑ بآ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ و يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ هﺪﺷ يﺮﻴﮔ

نﻮﺘﻳز نﺎﺘﺧرد

Table2- Analysis of variance data related to the effect of irrigation system and water quality of olive trees

تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ Source of variances

يدازآ ﻪﺟرد Degree of freedom

تﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﺑﺮﻛ ﺪﻴﺴﻛا يد

يا ﻪﻧزور ﺮﻳز

(CO₂)C_i

يا ﻪﻧزور ﺖﻳاﺪﻫ

€

(gs) (molm^-2 s-¹)

Photosynthesis (µ molm^-2 s^-1)

ﻲﺘﻔﺳ firmness

ﻢﺠﺣ volume

هﻮﻴﻣ نزو Fruit weight

هﻮﻴﻣ لﻮﻃ length

هﻮﻴﻣ ﺮﻄﻗ diameter

يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ Irrigation system

1 1769.2^ns 0.005* 58.54** 0.616* 7.45* 10.63* 76.5** 49.7**

ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ يﺎﻄﺧ رﺎﻴﺑآ ي

error

3 2288.8 0.0001 1.63 0.031 0.42 0.433 0.089 0.44

يرﺎﻴﺑآ بآ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ

Water quality 1 1346.6 ^ns 0.0007^ns 29.21* 0.14ns 2.19* 1.16* 3.42ns 2.72*

يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ

× بآ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ system×qualit

y

1 65ns 0.0007^ns 2^ns 0.34ns 0.33ns 0.656ns 0.002ns 1.56ns

ﻞﻛ يﺎﻄﺧ

Total error 6 1721 0.0003 2.91 0.107 0.35 0.138 0.92 0.32

تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ

CV 30.49 20.55 12.61 10.48 16.15 9.65 4.26 3.6

.ns

فﻼﺘﺧا دﻮﺟو مﺪﻋ راد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ

*، : لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺢﻄﺳ رد راد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا 5

%

** ، : لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺢﻄﺳ رد راد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا 1

%

*** ، : لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺢﻄﺳ رد راد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا 1

/ 0

%

*Ns: non significant,* significant at 5% level probality, **significant at 1% level probality, *** significant at 0/1% level probality,

€ :Stomatal conductance

(4)

لوﺪﺟ 3 - ﺮﺛا ﻛ ﻴ ﻔ ﻴ ﺖ بآ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ي هزاﺪﻧا ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ي هﺪﺷ ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ ز ﻳ نﻮﺘ

Table3- The effect of water quality treatments on fruit indices in olive trees.

ﺗ ﻴ رﺎﻤ treatment

ﻓوﺮﻠﻛ ﻴ ﻞ ﺴﻧﺎﺳرﻮﻠﻓ ﻲ

(Fv/Fm)

اﺪﻫ ﻳ ﺖ ﻪﻧزور ا

€ي gs

(molm-² s^-1)

د ي ﺴﻛا ﻴ ﺪ ز ﻳ ﺮ ﻪﻧزور (CO2)

Ci

(Pa)

ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ Photosynthesis

(µ molm-² s^-1) ﺘﻔﺳ ﻲ firmness

kg

Cm³

نزو ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ weight

gr

لﻮﻃ ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ

length

mm

ﺮﻄﻗ ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ diameter mm

بآ كﺎﭘ

Clean water 0.7a 0.08a 121.1a 12.1b 3.03a 3.32b 3.58b 23.07a 15.52b بﺎﺴﭘ

recyclewater 0.74a 0.1a 146.1a 14.8a 3.21a 4.06a 4.12a 22.15a 16.35a

LSD 0.1 0.02 76.12 2.033 0.4 0.72 0.45 1.17 0.7

رد* ﺮﻫ نﻮﺘﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ياراد ﻚﻳ فﺮﺣ كﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ سﺎﺳا نﻮﻣزآ رد LSD ﺢﻄﺳ 5 ﺪﺻرد فﻼﺘﺧا ﻲﻨﻌﻣ راد ﺪﻧراﺪﻧ .

*Numbers followed by the same letter are not significantly differentns (P<0.05) according to LSD, € :Stomatal conductance

ﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺮﺛا ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ي نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﻛ

ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي زﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ 32 ﺪـﺻرد ﺰﺘﻨـﺳﻮﺘﻓ ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘـﺸ ي ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ﻪـﺑ

ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺖﺳا . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻦ ﺑﻴ ﻦ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ ي ﺑآ ـﻴ رﺎ ي رد د ي

ا ﺴﻛ ﻴ ﺪ ﻦﺑﺮﻛ ز ـﻳ ﺮ ﻪـﻧزور ا ي و اﺪـﻫ ﻳ ﺖ ﻪـﻧزور ا ي فﻼﺘـﺧا ـﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ راد ي

هﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣ ﺪــﺷ و ﮔ ﻴ نﺎــﻫﺎ رد ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘــﺴ ﺑآ ــﻴ رﺎ ي زﻳ ﺤﻄــﺳﺮ ﻲ 17 ﺪــﺻرد

د ي ﺴﻛا ﻴ ﺪ ﻦﺑﺮﻛ و 48 ﺪـﺻرد اﺪـﻫ ﻳ ﺖ ﻪـﻧزور ا ي ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘـﺸ ي ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ﻪـﺑ

ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻧداد . ﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻣ ﻴ ناﺰ ﻓوﺮﻠﻛ ﻴ ﻞ ﺲﻧﺎﺳرﻮﻠﻓ نﺎـﺸﻧ

داد ﮔ ﻴ نﺎﻫﺎ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي هﺪﺷ ﺎـﺑ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘـﺴ ﺑآ ـﻴ رﺎ ي ز ـﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄـﺳ ﻲ 18 ﺪـﺻرد

Fv/Fm

ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ي ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ ﻪﺘـﺷاد ﺪـﻧا . ﺖـﺤﺗ اﺮـﺷ ﻳ ﻂ

ﺶﻨﺗ ﻣ ﻴ ناﺰ ﻓوﺮﻠﻛ ﻴ ﻞ ﺴﻧﺎﺳرﻮﻠﻓ ﻲ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ـﻣ ﻲ ﻳ ﺪـﺑﺎ . ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﻓوﺮﻠﻛ ـﻴ ﻞ

ﺴﻧﺎﺳرﻮﻠﻓ ﻲ گﺮﺑ نﺎﺸﻧ هﺪﻨﻫد ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺮﺟ ﻳ نﺎ نوﺮﺘﻜﻟا رد ﺳﻮﺘﻓ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ 2

و رد ﺘﻧ ﻴ ﻪــﺠ ﺶﻫﺎــﻛ ژﺮــﻧا ي

ATP

و ﺖــﺳا ) 13 .(

د ﻳ ﻮ ــﻳ ﺪ و نارﺎــﻜﻤﻫ

شراﺰﮔ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺳ ﻴ ﺴ ﻢﺘ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي زﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ي ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ

ﻪﺑ ﺎﺳ ﻳ ﺮ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ ي ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺖﺳا ) 9 .(

ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ شراﺰﮔ

هدﺮﻛ

ﺪﻧا ﻪﻛ ﺎﺑ اﺰﻓا ﻳ ﺶ بآ رد سﺮﺘﺳد ﮔ ﻴ نﺎﻫﺎ ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ و ﺢﻄﺳ گﺮﺑ زﻳ نﻮﺘ

و ﻪﺑ ﻊﺒﻃ نآ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ زﻳ دﺎ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا . نزو ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ ﻢﺠﺣ و ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺖـﺷﻮﮔ

ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﻫ ﺎﺑ اﺰﻓا ﻳ ﺶ بآ زﻳ دﺎ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا ) 18 .(

ﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺮﺛا ﻞـﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘـﺴ ﺑآ ـﻴ رﺎ ي و ﻛ ﻴ ﻔ ـﻴ ﺖ بآ نﺎـﺸﻧ داد ﻪـﻛ ﺑآ

ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺎﺑ بﺎﺴﭘ رد ﺮﻫ ود ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺚﻋﺎﺑ اﺰـﻓا ﻳ ﺶ

،نزو ﻢـﺠﺣ و

ﺮﻄﻗ ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا . رد ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ ﺮﻄﻗ و نزو ﻣ ـﻴ هﻮ رد ﮔ ﻴ نﺎـﻫﺎ

ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي هﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ بﺎﺴﭘ رد ﺎﻘﻣ ﻳ ﻪﺴ ﺎﺑ بآ كﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻴ ﺐ 11 ﺪـﺻرد و 36

ﺪﺻرد اﺰﻓا ﻳ ﺶ ﺖﺷاد .

رد ﻞﻛ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ زﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ ﺎﺑ ودﺮﻫ ﻛ ﻴ ﻔ ﻴ ﺖ

،بآ ﺮﻄﻗ و نزو ﻣ ـﻴ هﻮ

ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ي ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ ﺖﺷاد ) لوﺪﺟ 5 .(

ﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺮﺛا ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ

ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي و ﻛ ﻴ ﻔ ﻴ ﺖ بآ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﺘﻨـﺳﻮﺘﻓ ي نﺎـﺸﻧ

داد ﻪﻛ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ز ـﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄـﺳ ﻲ رد ﺑآ ـﻴ رﺎ ي ﺎـﺑ بﺎـﺴﭘ 35 ﺪـﺻرد

ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺖـﺳا . ـﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻦ ـﺑ ﻴ ﻦ

ﺗﻴ ﺎﻫرﺎﻤ ي بآ كﺎﭘ و بﺎﺴﭘ رد ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘـﺴ ز ـﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄـﺳ ﻲ فﻼﺘـﺧا ـﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ

راد ي هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﺷ و ﮔ ﻴ نﺎﻫﺎ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي هﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ بﺎﺴﭘ 24 ﺪـﺻرد ﺰﺘﻨـﺳﻮﺘﻓ

ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ي ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ بآ كﺎﭘ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻧداد . ﻣ ﻴ ناﺰ د ي ـﺴﻛا ﻴ ﺪ ﻦﺑﺮـﻛ ز ـﻳ ﺮ

ﻪﻧزور ا ي رد ﻫ ﻴ ﭻ ﻳ ﻚ زا ﺗﻴ ﺎﻫرﺎﻤ فﻼﺘﺧا ﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ راد ي نﺎﺸﻧ داﺪـﻧ . ـﻟو ﻲ

اﺪﻫ ﻳ ﺖ ر ﻪﻧزو ا ي رد ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي زﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ ﺎـﺑ ﺮـﻫ ود ﻛ ﻴ ﻔ ـﻴ ﺖ بآ

فﻼﺘﺧا ﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ راد ي ﺎﺑ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘـﺴ ز ـﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄـﺳ ﻲ نﺎـﺸﻧ هداد ﺖـﺳا . ـﺑ ﻴ ﻦ

ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ و زﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ رد ﺮـﻫ ود ﻛ ﻴ ﻔ ـﻴ ﺖ بآ فﻼﺘـﺧا ـﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ

راد ي هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﺷ و ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ رد ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي زﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ ﺎـﺑ بﺎـﺴﭘ 19

ﺪﺻرد ﺮﻄﻗ ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ي ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ زﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ ﺎﺑ بﺎﺴﭘ ﺖﺷاد .

لوﺪﺟ 4 - ﺮﺛا ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ي و تﺎﻔﺻ ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ نﻮﺘﻳز نﺎﺘﺧرد

Table4- The effect of irrigation system treatments on photosynthesis and fruit indices in olive trees.

ﺗ ﻴ رﺎﻤ treatment

ﻓوﺮﻠﻛ ﻴ ﻞ

ﺴﻧﺎﺳرﻮﻠﻓ

£ﻲ

(Fv/Fm)

€ي

gs

(molm^-2 s-¹)

د ي ﺴﻛا ﻴ ﺪ

ز ﻳ ﺮ ﻪﻧزور

(CO2) ci

(Pa)

ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ photosynthesis

(µ molm^-2 s-¹)

ﺘﻔﺳ ﻲ firmness

kg

Cm³

نزو ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ

weight

gr

length

mm

ﺮﻄﻗ ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ Diameter

mm

ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ

Surface system 0.66b 0.074b 123.56b 11.62b 2.92b 3.01b 3.58b 20.4b 14.1b ﺘﺸﻧ

ﻲ زﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ

Subsurface system

0.78a 0.111a 144.59a 15.45a 3.32a 4.37a 4.12a 24.8a 17.7a

LSD 0.08 0.023 50.75 2.08 0.28 1.03 0.445 0.47 1.06

Numbers followed by the same letter are not significantly differentns (P<0.05) according to LSD, € :Stomatal conductance, £: Chlorophyll fluorescence

(5)

ﺮﺛا ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي و ﻛ ﻴ ﻔ ﻴ ﺖ بآ ﺮﺑ ور ي نزو ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ راد

هدﻮﺑ ﺖﺳا و نزو ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ رد ﮔ ﻴ نﺎﻫﺎ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي هﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ بﺎﺴﭘ رد ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ز ـﻳ ﺮ

ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ 35 ﺪﺻرد اﺰﻓا ﻳ ﺶ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪـﺑ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘـﺴ ﺤﻄـﺳ ﻲ ﻪﺘـﺷاد ﺖـﺳا .

ــﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻦ ــﺑ ﻴ ﻦ ﻛ ﻴ ﻔ ــﻴ ﺖ بآ ﺑآ ــﻴ رﺎ ي رد ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘــﺴ ﺤﻄــﺳ ﻲ فﻼﺘــﺧا

ﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ راد ي هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﺷ و ﮔ ﻴ نﺎﻫﺎ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي هﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ بﺎﺴﭘ 36 ﺪـﺻرد نزو

ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ي ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ بآ كﺎﭘ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻧداد . ﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻢـﺠﺣ و ﺘﻔـﺳ ﻲ ﻣ ـﻴ هﻮ

نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﻛ ﺑﻴ ﻦ ﻛ ﻴ ﻔ ﻴ ﺖ بآ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي

، فﻼﺘﺧا ﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ راد ي رد ود ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ

هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﺸﻧ ﻟو ﻲ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ زﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﻳ ﻦ ﺘﻔﺳ ﻲ و ﻢﺠﺣ ﻣ ـﻴ هﻮ ار

ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺤﻄـﺳ ﻲ ﻪﺘـﺷاد ﺖـﺳا ) لوﺪـﺟ 5 .(

اﺰـﻓا ﻳ ﺶ رد نزو ﻣ ـﻴ هﻮ و

دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ رد ﺮﺛا دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ بﺎﺴﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﺳ ﻳ ﺮ نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ شراﺰﮔ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا ) 1

و 5 .(

ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺚﻋﺎﺑ اﺰﻓا ﻳ ﺶ

،ﺪﺷر ﺢﻄﺳ گﺮﺑ و ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ﻣ ﻲ ددﺮﮔ و اﻳ ﻦ

ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ اﺰﻓا ﻳ ﺶ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ رد ﺮﻫ ﺖﺧرد ﻣ ﻲ ددﺮﮔ . هزاﺪﻧا گرﺰﺑ

ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ اﺪﺘﺑا رد ﺘﻧ ﻴ ﻪﺠ داﺪﻌﺗ لﻮﻠﺳ ﺎﻫ ي زﻳ دﺎ و ﺛﺄﺗ ﻴ ﺮ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ بآ رد سﺮﺘﺳد

اﺮﺑ ي ﺴﻘﺗ ﻴ ﻢ ﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﻲ ﺖﺳا . توﺎﻔﺗ رد نزو

ًﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﺮﻃﺎـﺧ ﻣ ـﻴ ناﺰ بآ

ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ ﺖﺳا . ﺪﺑ ﻳ ﻬ ﻲ ﺖﺳا ﻪﻛ رد اﺮﺷ ﻳ ﻂ دﻮﺒﻤﻛ بآ و ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻓ ﻟﺎﻌ ﻴ ﺖ ﮔ ﻴ هﺎ

اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ي بآ ﮔ ﻴ هﺎ ﻢﻛ هﺪﺷ و ﺪﺷر ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﭘﻴ اﺪ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻛ ) 18 .(

ﺖﺧﻮﺳ و زﺎﺳ ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ رد نﺎﺘﺧرد زا يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ يدﺎﻳز

ﺮﺛﺄﺘﻣ ﺖﺳا

ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺗرﺎﺒﻋ زا ﺎﻫرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ ي ﻲﻠﺧاد ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ ) ﺢﻄـﺳ

،گﺮـﺑ ﻪـﻳواز و ﺖـﻬﺟ

،گﺮﺑ ﻦﺳ

،گﺮﺑ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ

،ﻲﻜﻴﻣﻮﺗﺎﻧآ ياﻮـﺘﺤﻣ

ﻞـﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛ و ﺰـﻧآ ﻳ ﻢ ﺎـﻫ ( و

يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ

ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ) ناﺰﻴﻣ يرﻮﻧ ﻪﻛ رد تﺎﻬﺟ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﭘﻮﻧﺎـﻛ

درﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻣ ﻲ

،ﺪﻨﻛ

،ﺎﻣد ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳد ﻪﺑ بآ و داﻮﻣ

،ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ ناﺰـﻴﻣ يد

ﺪﻴﺴﻛا ﻦﺑﺮﻛ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ و تﺎﻓآ ( دراد ) 19 .(

رد ﻦﻳا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ

رد ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﺮﻳز ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ دﻮﺑ . شراﺰﮔ ﺎـﻫ نﺎـﺸﻧ ـﻣ ﻲ ﺪـﻫد

ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ بآ د ر سﺮﺘﺳد ﻢﻛ ﻣ ﻲ دﻮﺷ ) 7 ( ﻪﻛ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪـﺑ

ﺖﺳد هﺪﻣآ زا ﻦﻳا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺪﻳﻮﻣ ﻦﻳا ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﺖﺳا . ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺰﺘﻨـﺳﻮﺘﻓ رد

يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﺎﺑ بﺎﺴﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻟد ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا رد ناﺰـﻴﻣ ﻞـﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛ ﺖـﺳا

. تﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

نﺎﺸﻧ هداد ﻪﻛ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ سﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑ و لﻮـﺼﺤﻣ هﺎـﻴﮔ رد طﺎـﺒﺗرا ﻢﻴﻘﺘـﺴﻣ ﺎـﺑ ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ

ﺖﺳا ) 11 .(

ﺸﻧ ﻲﺴﻧﺎﺳرﻮﻠﻓ ﻞﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ رد ﻲﺤﻄﺳ يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎ

ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ياراد كﺎﭘ بآ دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﻳ

يرﺎـﻴﺑآ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ و ﻲﺴﻧﺎﺳرﻮﻠﻓ ﻞﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛ ﻦ

ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد ار ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﺮﻳز .

ﺗﻴ بﺎﺴﭘ و كﺎﭘ بآ يﺎﻫرﺎﻤ

ﻲﻟو ،ﺪﻧداﺪﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ يراد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﺮﻳز ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺎﺑ يرﺎﻴﺑآ رد

ﺎﺳرﻮﻠﻓ ﻞـﻴﻓوﺮﻠﻛ بﺎـﺴﭘ ﺎـﺑ يرﺎﻴﺑآ رد ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ يﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ ﻲـﺴﻧ

ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد )

ﻞﻜﺷ 1 .(

ﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺮﺛا ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ و ﻛ ﻴ ﻔ ﻴ ﺖ بآ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺮﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ نﺎﺘﺧرد

زﻳ نﻮﺘ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪـﻛ ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘـﺸ ﻳ ﻦ دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ رد نﺎـﺘﺧرد ﺑآ ـﻴ رﺎ ي هﺪـﺷ ﺎـﺑ

ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي زﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ و ﺎﺑ بﺎﺴﭘ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا .

،ﻲﻠﻛ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ

ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي زﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ي ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ

ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺖﺳا ) ﻞﻜﺷ 2 .(

بﺎـﺴﭘ رد ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘـﺴ زﻳ ﺤﻄـﺳﺮ ﻲ ﺛﺄـﺗ ﻴ ﺮ ﺑﻴ ﺮﺘـﺸ ي

ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺖﺳا . تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زﻳ دﺎ ي نﺎﺸﻧ هداد ﺪﻧا ﻪﻛ دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ

بﺎﺴﭘ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻣ ﻴ ناﺰ ﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ اﺰﻓا ﻳ ﺶ ﺪﺷر و دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻀﻌﺑ ﻲ ﮔ ﻴ نﺎﻫﺎ

هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا ) 20 .(

اﺰﻓا ﻳ ﺶ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ رد اﻳ ﻦ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ اﺰﻓا ﻳ ﺶ بآ

رد سﺮﺘﺳد ﮔ ﻴ هﺎ هدﻮﺑ ا ﺖﺳ . زﻳ اﺮ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘـﺴ ﺑآ ـﻴ رﺎ ي ز ـﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄـﺳ ﻲ اراد ي

ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ تﺎﻔﻠﺗ زا ﺢﻄﺳ هدﻮﺑ و بآ ار رد ﺣﺎﻧ ﻴ ﻪ رﻳ ﻪﺸ زﻮﺗ ﻳ ﻊ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻛ .

ﺘﻧ ﻴ ﻪﺠ ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ي ﻲﻠﻛ

رد عﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﻦﻳا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﻛ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺎﺑ بﺎﺴﭘ ﻪﻧ

ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا ﺮﻀﻣ ي ﺮﺑ ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ و دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﺧرد زﻳ نﻮﺘ ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ

، ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ

اﺰﻓا ﻳ ﺶ نآ ﻧﻴ ﺰ ﻣ ﻲ دﻮﺷ . اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻳ ﻦ ـﻣ ﻲ ناﻮـﺗ ﺘﻧ ﻴ ﻪـﺠ ﺖـﻓﺮﮔ ﻪـﻛ بﺎـﺴﭘ

ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻲﻌﺒﻨﻣ ياﺮﺑ يرﺎـﻴﺑآ تﺎـﻏﺎﺑ زﻳ نﻮـﺘ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا دﻮـﺷ .

ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﻦ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻲﺘﺸﻧ - ﺮﻳز ﻲﺤﻄـﺳ ﻲـﻣ ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ ﺮﺗﺪـﻣآرﺎﻛ زا ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ

ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ياﺮﺑ يرﺎﻴﺑآ نﺎﺘﺧرد زﻳ نﻮﺘ رد دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ بﺎﺴﭘ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .

لوﺪﺟ 5 - ﺮﺛا ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي و بﺎﺴﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ي

ﻓ ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘ ي و تﺎﻔﺻ ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ

Table 5- The effect of water quality and irrigation system treatments on photosynthesis and fruit indices in olive trees ﺗ

ﻴ رﺎﻤ

ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ photosynthesis

(µ molm^-2 s^-1)

د ي ﺴﻛا ﻴ ﺪ ز ﻳ ﺮ ﻪﻧزور

(CO2)

ci

(Pa)

€ي gs

(molm^-2 s-¹)

ﺘﻔﺳ ﻲ firmness

kg

Cm3

نزو ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ

weight gr

length mm

ﺮﻄﻗ ﻣ ﻴ هﻮ diameter

mm

ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ surface

كﺎﭘ

cleac 10.6b 109.4a 0.06b 2.98b 2.49b 2.56c 19.9b 13.4c بﺎﺴﭘ

recycle 12.6bc 137.6a 0.08ab 2.87b 3.52ab 3.5b 20.9b 14.9b

زﻳ ﺮ ﺤﻄﺳ ﻲ subsurface

كﺎﭘ

clean 13.7b 134.5a 0.11a 3.08ab 4.15a 4.6ab 24.3a 17.6a بﺎﺴﭘ

recycle 17.1a 154.6a 0.11a 3.56a 4.6a 4.73a 25.2a 17.8a

LSD 2.95 71.78 0.033 0.56 1.03 0.64 1.66 0.99

Numbers followed by the same letter are not significantly differentns (P<0.05) according to LSD, € :Stomatal conductance

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b

ab

a a

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

SI+CW SI+RW SLI+CW SLI+RW

ﯽﺴﻨﺳرﻮﻠﻓﻞﻴﻓوﺮﻠﮐ fluorescence )Fv/Fm(

رﺎﻤﻴﺗ treatment LSD=0.082

ﻞﻜﺷ 1 - ﺮﺛا ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﻛ ﻴ ﻔ ﻴ ﺖ بآ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي و ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺮﺑ ﻓوﺮﻠﻛ ﻴ ﻞ ﺴﻧﺎﺳرﻮﻠﻓ ﻲ

، )

=SI يرﺎﻴﺑآ

،ﻲﺤﻄﺳ

=SLI يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﺮﻳز

،ﻲﺤﻄﺳ =CW

بآ

،ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ =RW

بﺎﺴﭘ (

Figure1- The effect of water quality and irrigation system treatments on chlorophyll fluorescence indices in olive trees (SI=surface irrigation, SLI=subsurface, CW=pure water, RW=wastewater)

ﻞﻜﺷ 2 - ﺮﺛا ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﻛ ﻴ ﻔ ﻴ ﺖ بآ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي و ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺑآ ﻴ رﺎ ي ﺮﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ نﺎﺘﺧرد ز ﻳ نﻮﺘ )

= SI يرﺎﻴﺑآ

،ﻲﺤﻄﺳ

=SLI يرﺎﻴﺑآ ﺮﻳز

،ﻲﺤﻄﺳ =CW

بآ

،ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ =RW

بﺎﺴﭘ (

Figure2-The effect of water quality and irrigation system treatments on fruit yield in olive trees (SI=surface irrigation, SLI=subsurface, CW=pure water, RW=wastewater)

اﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ ر

ي

اﻳ ﻦ هژوﺮﭘ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻤﺣ ﻳ ﺖ ﻟﺎﻣ ﻲ رادﺮﻬﺷ ي نﺎﻬﻔﺻا و نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ كرﺎﭘ ﺎـﻫ و

ﺎﻀﻓ ي ﺰﺒﺳ رادﺮﻬﺷ ي نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﻣﺄـﺗ ﻴ ﻦ هﺪـﺷ ﺖـﺳا ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﺑ ﻳ ﻦ ـﺳو ﻴ ﻪﻠ ﻧادرﺪﻗ

ﻲ ﻣ ﻲ دﻮـﺷ . ﻢـﻫ ـﻨﭼ ﻴ ﻦ زا هرادا ﺎـﻀﻓ ي ﺰﺒـﺳ هﺎﮕـﺸﻧاد ﺘﻌﻨـﺻ ﻲ

نﺎﻬﻔﺻا

راﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ

ي

ﻣ

ﻲ

دﻮﺷ

.

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ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ

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576

ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﺪﻠﺟ ،كﺎﺧ و بآ 29

هرﺎﻤﺷ ، 3 دادﺮﻣ ، - رﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ 1394

Effect of Irrigation with Reclaimed Water on Fruit Characteristics and Photosynthesis of Olive Trees under Two Irrigation Systems

N. Ashrafi¹- M. Gheysari^2*- A. Maleki ³ - A. Nikbakht⁴ Received: 28-01-2014

Accepted: 24-11-2014

Introduction: Olive (Olea europaea L.) trees are mainly cultivated in the Mediterranean area and are grown for their oil or processed as table olives. Despite the fact that olive is known to be resistant to drought conditions due to its anatomical, physiological, and biochemical adaptations to drought stress, reports indicate that the olive can be adversely affected by drought stress, which has a negative effect on the growth of olive trees. In the absence of adequate supplies of water, the demand for water can be met by using improved irrigation methods or by using reclaimed water (RW). Reports have shown that recycled water has been used successfully for irrigating olive orchards with no negative effects on plant growth.Attention has been paid to reclaimed water as one of the most significant available water resources used in agriculture around large cities in arid and semi-arid regions. On the other hand, irrigation efficiency is low and does not meet the demands of farmers.In order to investigate the possibility of irrigating olive orchards with subsurface leakage irrigation (SLI) in application of reclaimed water, an experiment was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of reclaimed water on photosynthetic indices and morphological properties of olive fruit.

Materials and Methods: Research was conducted using a split-plot experimental design with two factors (irrigation system and water quality) on the campus of Isfahan University of Technology in Isfahan, Iran, on a sandy-clay soil with a pH of 7.5 and electrical conductivity (EC) of 2.48 dSm^-1.PVC leaky tubes were used for the SLI system. The SLI system was installed 40 cm from the crown of each tree at a depth of 30 - 40 cm.At the end of the experiment fruit yield, weight per fruit, volume, length and firmness were calculated. A portable gas exchange system (Li-6400., LICOR, Lincoln, NE, USA) was used to measure the net rate photosynthesis (A), the internal partial pressure CO2 (Ci), and stomatal conductance (gs) between (09.30 – 11.30 h) on a fully expanded current season leaves situated at mid canopy height. Statistical assessments of differences between mean values were performed by the LSD test at P = 0.05.

Results and Discussion The results revealed that reclaimed water enhanced fruit yield, weight (15%), volume (23%) and leaf photosynthesis (22%) in plants compared with clear water. Recycled water was found to supply more nutrients than clear water. High nutrient concentrations in RW, compared to those in clear water, result in nutrient accumulation in the soil, making them available to plant roots to promote overall plant growth and fruit production. Improved N, P, K nutrition of wastewater-irrigated plants has been reported (Farooq et al, 2006). Olive leaves and stems represent storage organs for N and release it in response to the metabolic demands of developing reproductive and vegetative organs (Fernandez-Escobar et al., 2004). However, Al-Abasi et al.

(2009) found no statistical differences. Irrigation with SLI systems increased the photosynthesis (33%), and stomatal conductance (57%) when compared with surface irrigation systems. The results showed that reclaimed water had a significant effect on photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. However, fruit length and firmness had no significant difference. Substomatal CO2 decreased when the SI systems were used for irrigation. Also SLI system could enhance fruit yield (65%), weight (17%), photosynthesis (32%) and chlorophyll Fluorescence (Fv/Fm) (18%). The SLI systems with recycled water induced greater shoot growth, total leaf surface area, and transpiration during the entire growing period. This led to an overall positive effect on mean fruit weight and total fruit production per tree. The SLI system applying RW led to more photosynthesis by 34% as compared to the SI system. In the present study, the SLI system delivered water directly in the root zone and improved water availability, which enhanced photosynthetic assimilation rates and plant growth to a great extent. David et al.

(2003) showed that subsurface drip irrigation versus other irrigation methods reduced evaporation and improved growth and production in peach trees.

1- MSc Graduated, Isfahan University of Technology and Ph.D. Student, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University

2, 3- Assistant Professor and MSc Graduated, Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology

(*-Corresponding Author Email: [email protected])

4- Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture and Urban Landscape Research Group, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology

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، هرﺎﻤﺷ 3 ، دادﺮﻣ رﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ– 1394

، ص . 577 - Vol. 29, No. 3, Jul.-Agu. 2015, p. 569-577 569

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Conclusion: As a conclusion, the results from this research show that recycled water could be a promising resource for irrigation of olive trees and acted as a source of nutrients and irrigation water.In addition, SLI irrigation system is more efficient in irrigation of olive trees when compared to surface irrigation system and proved beneficial for olive growth.

Keywords: Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Photosynthesis, Subsurface irrigation system