• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

نقش مادۀ آلی در کارایی گیاه‌پالایی نهال‌های سپیدار در خاک آلوده به فلز کروم (VI)

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2023

Membagikan "نقش مادۀ آلی در کارایی گیاه‌پالایی نهال‌های سپیدار در خاک آلوده به فلز کروم (VI)"

Copied!
10
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

) *+

328 - 319

!"#

$%&

) ( VI

")

* *

+ ,-

. / 01 2 3 % * % - 4- * % -

) :

28 / 3 / 1391 - :

16 / 6 / 1392 (

,5

. / # 0 1

2 3 / + 4 5 6 47 89

: 7;

: :

#<

15= !

> 47!

. 4 6 8 % 6 > : @5A / !

1 B 8 % : 5 C 3 D =

: E

> 4 F39 .

G H I J K L7E

>

FH M N5>

. / # 0 ) (VI D = 4 F39 1 A : QE

1 R 3 >

S>

7

%F/F/ FTJ U / =

% V 1 W F Q39 Q;

7Q!

. 1Q>

5Q Q! / F X 1Q50 ) D Q=

%F/F/

D = U / = D =

% V ( 4 *5>

F 39 F/Y D = 5 R )

1 W 7E ! ( XH 1 7!

. #Q 0 QZ [ QX\

. / ) (VI

*+ 2 ! 50

100 150 . 6

/ . 6F 1 R ) F+

:

) /

> 5%

E 5 1 _ :

QI ! / 10

7Q!

.

% Q

2@0 B 1 F E 7! _TE 7 G 7 . / # 0 . 7

: E 6 E ) U 1A > 1 (

4 7 : 6 7!

. 5Q E : F X Q! / 1Q50

7 5 FH 7G

`Y;

2/

6 >FH . / # 0 4

1 G 5

! / 7E ! H R # 1 7 E GH

. a 5 5 / a 7G

`Y;

2/

) 64 / 54 81 / 2 µg gr-1 ( 1 d H H

%F/F/ FTJ 6 F39 e<>

100 . 6

/ . 6FQ D Q=

6 FQ39 e<Q>

*+

7! 47E . 4 *5>

)f/

47 / : E

#0 X; ! 3fJ B

) # 0 GH

: Q/

4 Q 6 8 Q%

Qg9 Q Q<

: 7 5 1 4 E .

5 G H I J K 1 W 150 : 6 >

FH 7 : 9 0 1 R / 7

4 6 8 % 7! h <

.

6 % 7

"

89 47

% V U / = :

) /

> 5%

_

%F/F/

.

a* H iFj 47 F*

: 09163118446

Email: s_malizadeh@yahoo.com

(2)

320

! 66

#$

3

% & ' 1392

١

. 1E : E D = 6 F39 =

`9 E

1 :

. / # 0 g

3 0 E

Q l 1 :

; GG

F J E 6 .F m Q> 47!

)

Shanker et al., 2005

.(

. Q/ 1Q/ 9 )

(VI

Q F6

4 *5> F . / # 0 + Q 3 0

QE 5 Q+ :

`F\ 8F0 aE9 7 3FH Z . Q\

: Q>

: Qn 9

> a +

>

FH 5 + : E7 9 0

6 FQ39 + d Q

. Q/ #Q 0 1Q Q

! )

Salunkhe et al., 1998

.(

6 F39 D = E 1Q

` % 5 Q+ : QE : E7Q %

Q% : 7Q 5 .

g : E

* D = ) +F@=

a o E pFQ> g9

)8FQ@ n m 7!

Qm )

Kumar, 2000

(

N

% : E7 6 F39 D = E a l Q> ) #Q 0 1

1 F . / # 0 / 1

: F F 7

. l :F>

. / ) / H iF . 0 )

(VI

q Q 5> ) F+

>F% V H 1

4r Z [ : E 8 Q>

> D <=

. 7Q / :FQ / _5Q > if5Q=

_>9

> J : E

5>F%

47Q 1 >

s a50 6 A s Fm

# 0 . Q/

7Q )

ATSDR,

.(2002

: E / QQ>

QQ>

QQ . QQ/

) (VI

1QQ FQQ

Q> 47Q! > 4 5 6 )

Stoecker, 2004

.(

. Z 1 : E F6 F6 Q

: Q e<Q>

#Q 0 . Q/

QX; Q! 7X Q> F;

7G a 50

3 . 6 n 5

)

µg l-1

( .fm 4 /

>

)

Oze et al., 2007

.(

F : E

) /

FH 7Q 1Q Q5J 1Q 1Q 8 QE :

a % H / J D = 7 /

6 F39 1

`9 QE : <Q>

>FH X 9 `Y; n 7 F!

Q

6 FQ; _QE E )

Calder, 1998

.(

4 Q 6 8 Q%

5X a t E : uF3F/

R 47Q 89

QE Q

) 1 4r D = (

>

. t a :

D % : Q>

Q*

47 89 E gv >

)

Pilon-Smits, 2005

.(

Q t a

/ H 1

: 6 / _E

6 E lJfQ+ 4 :

D Q=

3 0 E : m 47Q 89 QE Q

LYQJ Q

F!

7 >

QX 9 BE Q/

Q 7Q )

Salt et al.,

.(1998

6 4 *5> F 4 0

: 4 6 8 Q%

7Q

7 3FH 1 A :

FH ) #Q 0 Q> 1Q . G

a o E QX 9 `YQ; 1Q A

QZ [ : QE 8 Q

. 7 : E FQ= FQE 7Q!

)

Kabata-Pendias and

Mukherjee, 2007

.(

2QQ H : QQ 4 QQ 6 QQ FH

Z [ : E 7Q 3FH Q 47Q 89 :8 :

FQH

G0F : . 8 w ! 4 6

8 % D Q=

: QE

4 F39

>

)

Shen, et al., 2002

.(

QE 6 Q

FQ m

"

B 7

"

G 7 A :

# 0 . 7

: E

5! F=

1 7 / 7 3FH

: FH Q+ @5= _Q/

2QQ m QQ/

) #QQ 0 FQQ 5QQ> /

: QQE QQ> X 9

)

Begonia et al., 2005

.(

Q! 2Q Fm 4 Q

) # 0 3fJ B #0 : : 7 5 QGH

: Q/

4 6 8 % 4 *5>

FQ!

xFQ* Q<= 1Q/

i QG5

1 ) # 0 K0

: E D = a

`9 E : Q

Q

<>

B #0 7E

> an > 1

7!

D = 7 ;# E 6 F!

)

Santos et al.,

.(2006

a F 4 *5>

t E : Q 6 >

`F <

H F 7E F= F3 .

FH 1 1;FH 7 S>

3FH 7 : FQH 5Q

1 G

>

1 F6 E _5Q >

1Q : 4 5Q 6

>9 WnH )

Castiglione et al., 2007

( N H y Q

8 QQ 9 QQ H 1QQ i QQG5 QQn

89 5QQ 1QQ 47QQ

. 7 : E FE a

Q K L7QE Q

BE rQ% a

>

FH 4 6 8 % . / # 0 )

(VI

>FH i X E :

R 3 >

SQ>

7 QZ [ : QE F6 Q F6 6 FQ39

a o E

>

gzH

#0 Q39 Q D Q= 1Q

GH : / 4 6 8 % F .

2 . % :%

h Q 2 F5/ 0 9 h d3 A BE r% a

% {f / 0 @H 1>

7Q! . nH .

: QE F5/ 0

Q! / : E 5Q 2 Q! Q> F QZ [

: QE

39 F . / 6 F .

# H : Q 9 4

QE 4 *5Q> Q

. #0 : Q 9 Q G SAS

a l Q QE t 1Q

/FH )9

HSD1

( 7! . 7+ R e<>

.

[ D = F39

4 *5Q> FQ Q

Q 9 a B

K m

*+

H 30 5 >

: 5 m #

! F 9 - Q E r%

QXH 4 l )

E

57 50

N

48 35 ( XH Q 7Q! 1 .

1. Highest Significant Difference

(3)

F/Y D = }%

R = FE s 7!

R3

: 5 4 F m 1

F wFQ N 2 / 7Q!

QQ+F@=

0 )

# QQn QQ!

4 *5QQ> QQ 9

t E : 7 5Q>

4 7Q : Q 6 7Q!

7 . : Q Q XH

i X E Q; 2 A i > R :

Q 9 B 1Q A QE

Q n iFQ

) 3 cm

25± ( Q<A ) 1 mm

8± (

7 H E 1 F;

= R :

SQ> * 7

)

Populus alba L.

( XH 1 : 1 7!

1 )7

QQ R QQ 5QQ 3 X i QQ>

5QQ> X! # QQ>

M QQ/

7Xl A :

7 7!

. Q 7 i >

a 1Q A : QE

1 ` N5 0 6 ) F+ 7

i X E 1/

F/Y ) *+ Z 7 F n

: Q 9 7Q 6 B

7 7! 150 6 Z .

%F/F/ U / =

% V 1Q 2Q 3 FQ

G 39

) lJf+

( Q : Q XH E 5Q :

7 7QQ! 1QQ50 6 QQZ QQ! / .

QQ6r : QQE QQ!

E lJf+

: i 7; F/Y 1

> 47! 1$

. a

9 B X\

5 7Q! 1Q50 6 QZ Q! / .

5Q

! / R %F/F/ D Q= 2 ! Q

1Q . 7Q/ E 7Q

7QQ 6 _QQ J ~QQ@

QQ! / 5QQ D QQ= 2 QQ!

. 7/ E U / = 1Q

7Q 5Q 7Q 6 _Q J ~Q@

! / 1>

= 2 ! D

% V . 7/ E 1 7 ~@

7 6 _ J ! / 5

X\

D Q=

) 7Q #Q0

39 ( 1 W 5 H 7E ! ! / 7 7! ~

.

RQQQ :

) QQQ / _ QQQ> 5%

)

K2Cr2O7

( : QQQ

4 F39 7! 4 *5> D = / .

! / : E 5 1 XH

47Q!

G 50 100 150 . 6

. Q/ . 6F /

M = 7Q 6 QE 1Q ) FQ+

}SQ> 4 FQ39 Q= F n

7 6 E 9 7 7Q! % .

B Q 9 aQ 7Q 6

QE :

QQ 0 • QQ n 5QQ>f%

25 4 *5QQ> QQ5 3 7QQ!

. }QQ%

4 F39 i H 3 J 1 7 > : ! / : E 5 /

1 7 7Q! E F= i J 1 4 R )7 )

Alizadeh et al.,

.(2012

i G5 }%

i X E 1 7 6 QE ) 5Q ( Q

QQ 9 € QQ5 1QQ 1QQ;FH ) *3FQQ> 4 : QQE F/ D QQ= # 3

@ m a F / : 6F ; : _ > 5%

i X QE

7! 10 I D = 1 .

iF D Q= Q F BQ

7J 70 H 90 F 7+

1m # : a FH K

7 6 E 7! •*J B 9 iF .

: Q 9 Q 2Q m a

R 7 6

E 2@0 2Q@0 4 QE X

7! . 5 H .

2 <A 1 . 0C 4 5

$

# 5 DEFG 4

/ HI> 9

1@N

%F/F/

U / =

% V

R 7G

g l-1 12 / 1 g kg-1

2 / 1 g l-1

95 / 0

7G 39 %

86 %

38 %

96

pH

1 / 6 2

/ 6 7

/ 5

K2O mg l-1

264 %

78 mg l-1

178

P2O5

mg l-1

93 mg kg-1 2

/ 23 mg l-1 83

N mg l-1

85 %

74 / 0 mg l-1

81

. / # 0 7G -

-

-

% B

)%

Q XQ!

F ( i QX QE

7 6 E M = }Q%

Q ! FQ!

: `9 Q 2Q /

9 <G Q

: 70 Q;

VF Q >

RQ =

7!

7 :

4 FH : . 7Q/ E . 7Q

QE : 6 Q 4

) 1A > 1 / 1= ! E U ( g 7Q!

. }SQ>

Q :

4 7 : 6 . Q/ 7G `YQ;

Q>FH 47Q!

i QX QE

. 7 : E 6 E = f / ` >9 t Q

_QTE H

) 4 *5>

>

7 F*3F>

[ R •

`9 1 r Q /

4 l5>

7 i ( _TE 7!

7 #Q 0 7QG . Q/

> 1 F E 4 l5

ICP-OES1

7! a H )

Vicentim

and Ferraz, 2007

( .

1. Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectroscopy

(4)

322

!

66 #$

3

% & ' 1392

3 . +

<

1Q 3 < aQ 4 *5Q> FQ D = m .

Finely

loamy, Mixed, Xeric Haplocambids, Super active thermic

9 Q! Qn # 0 ) Q+F@=

i 7;

2

> 47! 1$

. : E g 6 F39 e<> +

! / 5 7 3FH F

: FH 1A > U /

1= !

e<> 1 7Q+ RQ

Q FQ . 2Q G5 Qg

6 F39 hF<>

Q! / 5 7Q 3FH FQ

: FQH

1A >

/ 1= ! Q

QZ 7Q 3FH : FQH U Q

[ 1 F

) i 7;

3 .(

€ 5 K 1Q$

47Q!

i 7QQ;

4 a 5QQ 7QQG

3FH 7QQ : FQQH U QQ

1A QQ>

/ 1= QQ!

1QQ dQQ H H 73 / 152 33 / 253 . QQ6

*+ 6 F39 e<> R = Q! / 5

) D Q=

U / = (

7! 47E . 7 3FH 7G a 5 :

FQH

1 . / *+ 6 F39 e<>

Q! / 5 RQ

)

%F/F/ D = (

Q50 q Q*H .

a Q5 / 7QG

7Q 3FH

: FH 1A > U / e<Q> 1Q wFQ # 1 1= !

6 F39 150 Q . Q6 5Q . Q/

QX\ Q! /

) D = ( 1 d H H 73 / 39 93 / 104 43 / 28 . Q6

R = F . a 5 7G 7 3FH B #0 :

FQH U Q

H gzH ! / : E 5 i m

) Q*H 1 47!

5Q

! / 7E ! R )

D Q=

( Q 1 7Q 17 / 54 . Q6

R = wF

F . 7Q 3FH FQ 7QG aQ :

FQH

1A >

/ 1 1= ! 1

d H H ! / 5

e<Q> RQ

6 F39 50 . 6

Q! / 5 6 FQ39 e<Q>

150 . 6

y . / )

i 7;

4 .(

2 <A 2 .

: ; # $ J % 7 K G9L;

+F@=

7G

+F@=

7G

a!

) 7+

( 41

RE9 7+

2

/ 13

>

) 7+

( 35

. / M N5>

1 7!

)DTPA . 6

/ . 6F ( 09 / 0

V ) 7+

( 24

0 • i H F H / ) 5 >

iF . 6F /

( 25

a / 39 ) 7+

( 86

/ 0

* 0

`Y;

7!

) . 6 / . 6F ( 18

u 5 ) 7+

( 076

/ 0 _ > 5%

`Y;

7!

) . 6 . 6F / ( 232

)EC

>

} 5

( 42 / 4 } M N5>

7!

)DTPA . 6

/ . 6F ( 002 / 0

pH 5

/ 7 9 aE M N5>

7!

)DTPA . 6

/ . 6F ( 1 / 5

) /

_ /

i ) 7+

( 1 / 8 : M N5>

7!

)DTPA . 6

/ . 6F ( 01 / 1

FieldCapacity (F.C) )

7+

( 26

# l M N5>

7!

)DTPA . 6

/ . 6F ( 854 / 7

2 <A 3 . I!

2 <A M

% N O!

,9N <

4 9N 2 3!

4 5

=>

<

ƒH l

) a

; 9 : ) (df : FH U ) (g : FH 1A >

/ 1= ! ) (g : FH 1

) (g

6 F39 e<>

3

**

09 / 11153

**

02 / 22567

**

32 / 648

! / 5

3

**

49 / 4816

**

1 / 5577

**

52 / 452

6 F39 e<>

×

! / 5

9

ns 77 / 118

**

61 / 108

ns 93 / 5

I ƒH d )

07

/ 10 65

/ 7 77

/ 4

**

: : e<>

7+ R

:ns F Lf5=

1. Diethylene Triamine Pentaacetic Acid

(5)

€ 5 # H . / ! }

.7 : E E Q 6

2Q/ `Y;

i 7Q; . Q/

5 Q> 47Q! 4 Q .

E i 7; 1/ F 5

47E Q FQ!

: QE g Q /

6 F39 hF<> + ! / 5

: QE g QX 9 2Q G5

F E ! ) *+

2/ `Y;

2Q G5 Qg Q [

e<> . / 6 ! 7+ R

Q 7Q .

2n!

: E 1 H 3 1 U Q . Q/ Q! € Q5 dQ H H

1A >

/ 1= ! i X

: E : E 5 7 S>

F6 Q F6 hF<QQ> QQ! /

F6 QQ F6 QQ 6 FQQ39

QQ 7QQ E .

. / ! 7G a 5 U Q

QE Q! / 5Q

R 6 F39 e<>

150 Q . Q6 Q g . Q/

7Q!

.

7G 6 ! Q l 7n 150 F X : E 5 a

! / 5 7E !

† E Q ) Q*H 1Q F6 :

47E Q

7 1 : W5>

6 F39 e<> 3 J 50

. 6 a Q 1/

! / 5 )

U / = D = (

E 5 >

Lf5Q=

: 7!

) 2n!

1 .(

2 <A 4 . + 4 9N

< ,9N N /<$

>9 2 3!

4 5

=>

5 I <

4 90 !90 0 9,- Q9R> 9SE $ . 6 .

) (VI

: FH 1 ) (g

(g )1= !/1A > FH: (g )U FH: (mg kg-1 ) 6 F39 e<> ! / 5 43

/

58 (a) 240/86(ab) 134/13(ab) 0 %F/F/ D =

86 /

55 (ab) 223/63(b) 127/13(ab) 50

46 /

49 (bcd) 167/8(d) 81/06(cd) 100

06 /

43 (de) 154/23(ed) 79/43(cd) 150

43 /

61 (a) 253/33(a) 152/73(a) 0 U / = D =

33 /

58 (a) 204/26(c) 110/86(abc) 50

76 /

54 (abc) 170/8(d) 84/3(cd) 100

8 /

46 (cde) 153/66(ed) 76/86(d) 150

16 /

58 (a) 246/03(a) 139/26(a) 0 V % D =

46 /

54 (abc) 202/56(c) 106/1(abcd) 50

86 /

48 (bcd) 162/93(ed) 77/7(cd) 100

76 /

41 (de) 149/1(e) 72/2(de) 150

4 /

49 (bcd) 205/66(c) 101/5(bcd) 0 (7E !) D =

7 /

45 (d) 169/3(d) 72/96(de) 50

43 /

40 (e) 125/53(f) 41/66(e) 100

43 /

28 (f) 104/93(g) 39/73(e) 150

L J 1

F5> E 7 E

F ) *H e<> 7m a

R 7+

>

.

2 <A 5 . I!

2 <A M

% N % 7 6 . $ ! O!

) (VI 6 <!

4 5 90 !90 2 3!

4 5

=>

<

ƒH l

) a

; 9 :

) (df U !

) mg kg-1 (

! 1A >

/ 1= !

) mg kg-1 (

!

1

) mg kg-1 (

2/ `Y;

) µg g-1 (

6 F39 e<>

3

**

53 / 1117

**

11 / 5404

**

04 / 18149

**

4 / 335

! / 5

3

**

04 / 174

**

53 / 715

**

48 / 1306

**

2 / 512

6 F39 e<>

×

! / 5

9

ns 27 / 50

**

92 / 201

**

59 / 159

**

64 / 435

I ƒH d )

57 / 17 06

/ 14 72

/ 8 03

/ 11

**

: : e<>

7+ R

:ns F Lf5=

(6)

324

!

66 #$

3

% & ' 1392

UJ$

1 . +

6 . % 7 $ ! +

V 5 N WXN 0 9,- Q9R> $ . 4 5 I )

P<0.01 (

UJ$

2 . + 8Y > 6 . % 7 $ ! + /

N 8; $ WXN

0 9,- Q9R> $ . 4 5 I )

P<0.01 (

! / : E 5 i m

47!

Q 7QE QG

1 . / ! /

: E 5 hf+

47!

Q

5 ! / 7E ! ) D = ( ) Q*H Q

: Q!

.

! 7G a 5 5

! / e<Q> RQ

6 F39 150 . 6

g . / 7Q!

. 7QG Q!

1 : ! / : E 5 hf+

2Q+ 0 7QJ 47!

6 F39 hF<>

100 150 . Q6

. Q/

Q

F 3 J 1/

5 ! / Q #0 7Q 7E Q!

Lf5=

Q Q : )

2nQ!

3 .(

i 7Q;

6

G

`Y;

2/

. / i X

: E H 7 S>

gzH Q! / : E 5Q . Q/ 6 F39 hF<> : E H

7E .

`Y;

2/

Q! 7QG . H ) m

47 89 /

. 7 : E Q> 4 6 R .

1Q W5Q>

:

5 ! / 6 FQ39 hF<Q> 2+ 0 7J R 100

150 . Q6

Q #0 7Q . Q/

`YQ;

2Q/

Q

{f Q/ 6 F39 e<> B #0 Q> FXQ

. a 5Q

7G

`Y;

2/

FQ39 e<Q> RQ ! / 5 6

100 . 6

7Q! Q g . / 3 QJ

1Q/

a Q5 /

7G 1Q 6 FQ39 e<Q> QE 5Q

Q! / 7E Q!

wF F .

(7)

UJ$

3 . +

6 . % 7 $ ! +

N 8 WXN 0 9,- Q9R> $ . 4 5 I )

P<0.01 (

2 <A ) 6 :(

+

\]A U.

6 . % 7 ) (VI ) µg g-1 ( Q9R>

90 !90 0 9,- 5 I 4 90 !90 >9N $ . 2 3!

4 5

=>

<

6 F39 e<>

) mg kg-1 (

! / 5

150 100 50 0

64 /

54 (a) 51/71(a) 21/71(cde) 3/52(gh) %F/F/ D = 62

/

53 (a) 47/92(a) 29/10(bc) 3/92(gh) U / = D = 46

/

53 (ab) 33/34(cd) 18/44(def) 4/01(gh) V % D = 96

/

41 (cdef) 25/16(efg) 12/10(fgh) 2/81(h) (7E !) D =

L J 1

F5> E 7 E

F ) *H e<> 7m a

> 7+ R .

4 .

>?

%

@ +

&

a K G H FH 4 6 8 % . Q/ #Q 0 )

(VI

Q>FH

i X : E 1Q

RQ 3 Q>

SQ>

7 QZ [ : QE

F6 F6 6 F39

>

7!

. 6 a 4 *5> F E

9 0 7 4 6 8 % F + } ; 1

2 3 Q FH

3FH 7 : FH Q N H y Q Q

8 Q 1Q;FH F Q/

BE r%

: E 4 6 8 Q%

Q>

. Q> V Q>

QE :

1 2 m 47 9 F / H E r%

Q 4 Q 6 8 Q%

#Q 0

. / Q FH Q 1Q50 l ) F+ F + } ; >FH

F + 4 6

8 %

>

l Q> ) # 0 a

47Q 89 QE

1 F

> 4 5 6 Q> 47Q!

)

Alizadeh et al.,

2012; Wu et al., 2010; Biro and Takacs, 2007;

Castiglione et al., 2007

.(

Q E F BQN 1Q/

5 7! 1$ € i QX

: QE SQ>

Q FH 7 8 Q

4 6 8 % 3FH 1 1/ 7 F= . / # 0 7

: 4 FQQH QQ>FH QQ

1QQ F6 a N H y QQ

QQ 8 QQ : 9

QQQ QQQ6 .

Biro and Takacs

) (2007 Marin

n E )

(2009

8 Q FQH 1 :

P. nigra P. tremula

4 6 8 % 4 Q! ` Q> #Q 0 Q /

7 . Qn E Wu

) (2010 Di Lonardo

QQQn E )

(2010 Justin

n E )

(2010

1 H H FH d 1 A

: QE E Q 7

P. nigra × P. deltoides P. alba

P. deltoides

4 6 8 % / # 0 dQ> .F Q

7Q / .

/ E 5 :

! / 3FH 7 : >FH 4 FH i QX

QE Q

#0 6 F39 hF<> B BE Q/

Q0 . BE Q/

: FQH

QQ6 QQ> aQQn 1QQ

2QQ 3 7QQ H BE QQ/

7QQ

iF >

: E U 7!

)

Nieman, 1965

.(

BE Q/

: FQH

{8 5J 1 1

3 Q 2 9 0 if5Q= Q Q GH 7Q

_

3F >

Y[ + m F / 6

> 4 )

Foy, 1998

.(

(8)

326

!

66 #$

3

% & ' 1392

6 ‡ *H BE / 4

# > an 1

3 Q 7Q! BE Q/ 2

1 1 YQ[ FQ `9 Q5 / i QG5 9 i Q 1Q

BN : E FE 6 7! 4 . E 1/ F 2n!

: QE 1

H 3 > 47! 4 /

E 5 : ! / 7Q

. / # 0 ! . 7

: E F6 F6 i X

: QE SQ>

7

1 ) F+

1 1A ><

/ 1= ! Q U Q<

F .

Pilon-smits

n E )

(1998

X Q 7 #Q 0 Q! FQ

Q/

.F . 7Q : QE E F Q+

Q 7

P. alba × P.

tremula

t #QQ6 QQ / 7 .

Biro Takacs

) (2007

QQG G H U QQ 7QQ

1QQ <

1A QQ><

/ FQQ 1= QQ!

/ ! .F

P. nigra

7 / t #6 .

Q m Q a

) *H ! 7

> an ‡F 1

Q! / 5Q

6 )

Wu et al., 2010

.(

4 t E : 7 5 : Q : QGH : Q/

4 6 8 % 4 *5>

F!

9 1 1/

4 6 8 % n /

qf F!

. 6 4 *5>

H E F i m 15N

! F6 F6

:

#0 3fJ B ) # 0

Q ;

a t E

>

. t E : 6 >

A Q Q

2

i 5QQ>

E lJfQQ+

Z QQ QQE F/

: QQ6 :

QQ>FS / )

Clemebte et al., 2006

( QQ[ FQQ/

)

Wei et al, 2010

( 1 # i m FZ a Q

FQ!

.

a K G H BQG 1 FQ

Q39 QGH

: Q/

4 6 8 % . / # 0 #

7! 15= % .

F 39 K

#0 / B 6 >FH `9

4

% 7 : D Q= 5= >

> J BE / 6 Q 0 1 D =

Q `9 R

D = )

Quiroga et al., 2006

( WH 4 FH : E D Q=

_E 0 / F H / : E #Q 0 : )

Khaled and

Fawy, 2011; Boguta and Sokolowska, 2012

(

#0 0 • B H Q/ i Q H

F D Q=

)

Bohn et al.,

(1985

#QQQ0 FXH B QQQ D QQQ= 5= QQQ> FQQQ X 1

)

Martínez-Fernández and Walker, 2011

( d Q>

#0 3FH B 7 : FQH E Q 6 Q

7 FQ!

.

Zalesny

n E )

(2007

E 5Q Q W BG :

Q! /

#0 3FH B 7 : FH 6 E E F + 7

P. deltoides

× P. nigra

7 /zH 7 / . 9 a B 4 *5>

FQ

39 Q6 Q! 7G G . Q/

5Q Q 1Q

7E ! ! / gzH

:

! 7 . a gzQH FQ

1A > ! /

1= ! Q! FQ 5

1Q :

) *H E 5 a :

F X ! / E Q! 5Q 150

7

/ 6 F39 hF<>

F ) 2n!

: QE 1 - 3 .(

3FH 7 : 4 FH . / ! . 7

: QE 6 Q E

a E 5 : ! / 150 F X #

F ) *5 .

3 Q 2

5= Q> 1Q Q> aQn a 7Q o %

FQ Q39

6 )

Kabata-Pendias and Mukherjee, 2007

.(

+ L7E

; : h : E 4 Q 6 8 Q%

`YQ;

89 M N5>

47

> D = .

Q5 1Q 1;FH €

1$

i 7; 47!

6 E 5 : F X ! / 150

d Q>

#0 B

`Y;

2/

. / 7 7Q! D =

H

; 1/

#0 a B Q! / 5Q

RQ 1Q Q

! / 5 7J 1 7E !

Q>

7 . Q ) Q*H a

7G

`Y;

2/

Q W BQG . / Q39 FQ

#0 3FH B 7 : FH E Q 6 )zQ

Q Q 6 . Q 5

G H 1 I J K

W 150 : 6 >

Q FH 7

: 9 0 1 R / 7

4 Q 6 8 Q%

7Q! h Q<

. 1Q\ 6

Z ! 2 Fm 4 *5>

EDTA1

d >

: QGH

\ ) # 0 ! : a 7 )

15 4 6 ‡F 1 #Q 0 ‡F

Q !

( 4 Q 6 Q FQ!

)

Doumett et al.,

(2008

E7 % _E

F\

1Q QX 9 xFQ* t QH

K0 : E D = a

`9 E <Q> Q :

a o E >

7!

E 6 7 ;#

w G D =

aQ ~ QI t

E Q>

)

Santos et al., 2006

.(

t

4 *5QQ>

aQQ 47QQ!

KQQ G H : QQ

: QQGH QQ/

4 QQ 6 7QQA 0 8 QQ%

2$ QQ E FQQ F/YQQ : QQn

<

`F F!

.

1. Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid

(9)

References

1. Alizadeh, S.M., Zahedi Amiri, G., Savaghebi- Firoozabadi, G., Etemad, V., Shirvany A., Shirmardi, M (2012) “Influence of soil amendment on cadmium accumulation responses in one-year old Populus alba L. seedling,” Iranian Journal of Forest, 3 (4): 355-366. in Persian.

2. ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) (2002) Draft Toxicological Profile for Several Trace Elements, U.S.

Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA.

3. Begonia, M.T., Begonia, G.B., Ighoavodha, M., Gilliard D (2005) “Lead accumulation by Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) grown on a lead-contaminated soil,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2(2):228-223.

4. Biro, I., Takacs, T (2007) “Study of heavy metal uptake of Populus nigra in relation to phytoremediation,” Cereal Research Communications, 35(2): 265-268.

5. Boguta, P., Sokolowska, Z (2012) “Influence of phosphate ions on buffer capacity of soil humic acids,” International Agrophysics, 26: 7-14.

6. Bohn H., McNeal B., O’Connor, G., (Eds.), (1985) Soil Chemistry. , 2nd Ed., Wiley, New York., 1024.

7. Calder, L.M (1988) “Chromium contamination of ground water,” In: Nriagu, J.O., Nieboer, E. (Eds.), Chromium in Natural and Human Environments, Wiley Interscience, New York, 215-231.

8. Castiglione, S., Franchin, C., Fossati, T.,Lingua, G., Torrigiani, P., Biondi, S (2007) “High zinc concentrations reduce rooting capacity and alter metallothionein gene expression in white poplar (Populus alba L. cv. Villafranca),”

Chemosphere, 67: 1117-1126.

9. Clemente R., Almela C.A. Bernal, M.P (2006)

“A remediation strategy based on active phytoremediation followed by natural attenuation in a soil contaminated by pyrite waste,”

Environmental Pollution, 143: 397-406.

10. Di Lonardo, S., Capuana, M., Arnetoli, M., Gabbrielli, R., Gonnelli, C (2010) “Exploring the

metal phytoremediation potential of three Populus alba L. clones using an in vitro screening,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 18(1), 82-80.

11. Foy, C.D (1988) “Plant adaptation of acid, aluminiumtoxic soils, Communications” Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 19: 959-987.

12. Doumett, S., Lamperi, L., Checchini, L., Azzarello, E., Mugnai, S., Mancuso, S., Petruzzelli, G., Del Bubba M (2008) “Heavy metal distribution between contaminated soil and Paulownia tomentosa,in a pilot-scale assisted phytoremediation study:

Influence of differentcomplexing agents,”

Chemosphere, 72: 1481-1490.

13. Justin, M,Z., Pajk, N., Zupanc, V., Zupancic, M (2010) “Phytoremediation of landfill leachate and compost wastewater by irrigation of Populus and Salix: Biomass and growth response,” Waste Management, 30: 1032-1042.

14. Kabata-Pendias, A., Mukherjee, A.B., (Eds.) (2007) Trace Elements From Soil to Human, Speringer. 561.

15. Khaled, H., Fawy, H.A (2011) “Effect of different levels of humic acids on the nutrient content, plant growth, and soil properties under conditions of salinity,” Soil and Water Research, 6(1): 21-29.

16. Kumar, A (2000) “Reclamation of soil polluted by industrial effluents using herbaceous flora,”

Advances in Plant Sciences, 13: 427-430.

17. Lindsay, W.L., Norvell, W.A (1978) “Development of DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper,” Soil science Society of America Journal, 42: 421-428.

18. Marin, M., Varga, C., Mihaly-Cozmuta, L., Peter, A., Mihaly-Cozmuta, A., Boltea, D (2009)

“Evaluation of the Phytoremediation Potential of the Populus tremula in Tailing Ponds,” Bulletin UASVM Agriculture, 66 (2), 124-131.

19. Martínez-Fernández, D., Walker, D.J (2011)

“The Effects of Soil Amendments on the Growth of Atriplex halimus and Bituminaria bituminosa in Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils,” Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 223(1): 63-72.

(10)

328

!

66 #$

3

% & ' 1392

20. Nieman, R.H (1965) “Expansion of bean leaves and its suppression by salinity,” Plant Physiology, 40: 156-161.

21. Oze, Ch., Bird, D.G., Fendorf, S (2007) “Genesis of hexavalent chromium from natural sources in soil and groundwater,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104 (16): 6544-6549.

22. Pilon-Smits, E (2005) “Phytoremediation,”

Annual Review of Plant Biology, 56: 15-39.

23. Pilon-Smits, E.A.H., de Souza, M.P., Lytle, C.M., Shang, C., Lugo, T., Terry, N (1998)

“Selenium volatilization and assimilation by hybrid poplar (Populus tremula×alba),” Journal of Experimental Botany, 328(49): 1889-1892.

24. Quiroga, A., Funaro, D., Noellemeyer, E., Peinemann, N (2006) “Barley yield response to soil organic matter and texture in the Pampas of Argentina,” Soil and Tillage Research, 90: 63- 68.

25. Salt, D.E., Smith, R.D., Raskin, I (1998)

“Phytoremediation,” Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 49:

643-668.

26. Salunkhe, P.B., Dhakephalkar, P.K., Paknikar, K.M (1998) “Bioremediation of hexavalent chromium in soil microcosm,” Biotechnology Letters, 20: 749-751.

27. Santos, F.S., Hernandez-Allica, J., Becerril, J.M., Amaral-Sobrinho, N., Mazur, N., Garbisu, C (2006) “Chelate-induced phytoextraction of metal polluted soils with Brachiaria decumbens,”

Chemosphere, 65: 43-50.

28. Shanker, A.K., Cervantes, C., Tavera, H.L., Avudainayagam, S (2005) “Chromium toxicity

in plants,” Environment International, 31: 739- 753.

29. Shen, Z.G., Li, X,D., Wang, C.C., Chen, H.M., Chua, H (2002) “Lead phytoremediation from contaminated soil with high-biomass plant species,” Journal of Environmental Quality, 31:

1893-1900.

30. Stoecker, B (2004) “Chromium,” In: Merian, E., Anke, M., Ihnat, M., Stoeppler, M. (Eds.), Elements and Their Compounds in the Environment, 2nd ed., vol. 2. Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim, 709-729.

31. Vicentim, M.P., Ferraz, A (2007) “Enzyme production and chemical alterations of Eucalyptus grandis wood during biodegradation by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora in cultures supplemented with Mn2+, corn steep liquor and glucose,” Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 40:

645-652.

32. Wei, S., Li, Y., Zhoua, Q., Srivastavac, M., Chiud, S., Zhane, J., Wua, Z., Sun, T (2010)

“Effect of fertilizer amendments on phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil by a newly discovered hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, 176: 269-273.

33. Wu, F., Yang, W., Zhang, J., Zhou, L (2010)

“Cadmium accumulation and growth responses of a poplar (Populus deltoids×Populus nigra) in cadmium contaminated purple soil and alluvial soil,”

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177: 268-273 34. Zalesny, J.A., Zalesny, R.S., Coyle, D.R., Hall,

R.B (2007) “Growth and biomass of Populus irrigated with landfill leachate,” Forest Ecology and Management, 248: 143-152.

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

In addition to relevant material that may already be available readers’ reports, published commentary, reviews, interviews, conference presentations, and so on, the candidate will