ﻲﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺩ :
ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﺑﺎﻳ ﻲ ﺎﻫQTL ﻱ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺧﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻲ
ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ...
۱۳۳
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﮔ ﻴ ﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎ ﻲ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﺩ ﻩﺭﻭ ۴۰
، ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ۴
، ۱۳۸۸ ) ۱۴۲ ‐ ۱۳۳ (
ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ
QTLﺍﺰﻠﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻲﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ
١ﺩﺍﺯ ﻟﻭ ، ﻲ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻪﻟﺍ
٢ﻱ ﻠﻌﺳﺎﺒﻋ ،* ﻲ ﻟﺍﺯ
۳ﻲ ﺯ ﻦﺴﺣ ، ﻳ ﻟﺎﻨ
۴ﻲ ﺩﺮﻣ ﻦﺴﺤﻣ ،
۵ﻱ ﻴﺟﺭ ﻭ ﻡﺭﻮﻟﺩ ﻦ
۶
١ ، ٢ ، ٣ ، ٤ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ، ﻱ ﺮﺘﮐﺩ ﻱ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ، ﻳ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ،ﺭﺎ ﻭ ﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻴ ﺩﺮﭘ ،ﺭﺎ ﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﺲﻳ ﻱ
ﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻌ
ﻲ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ
٥ ﻳﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ، ﺑ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ،ﺭﺎ ﻴ
ﮊﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗﻮ ﻱ ﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﮐ ﻱ ﻣﻮﻧﮊ ﺶﺨﺑ ، ﻴ
ﺲﮑ ، ٦
، ﻱﺍﺮﻨﻳﺍ ﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺴﺳﺆﻣ ،ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ
) ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
١١ / ٣ / ٨٧
‐ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
١٣ / ٢ / ٨٨ (
ﻩﺪﻴﮑﭼ
ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ QTL
ﻥﮊ ﻲﻤﻛ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻭ
ﻥﺁ ﻲﻣﻮﻧﮊ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ،ﺪﻨﻛ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻢﻫ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ .
ﻪﺑ
ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ
ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻱﺎﻫQTL
ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ،ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ،ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﺎﺗ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻞﮔ ﻝﻮﻃ ،ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ
ﻞﮔﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺍﺪ ،ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ
١٣٥ ﺍﺰﻠﻛ ﻒﻋﺎﻀﻣ ﺪﻴﻳﻮﻠﭘﺎﻫ ﻦﻳﻻ
ﻱﻮﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﻻ ﻚﻳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ
(Darmor-Bzh)
ﻩﺮﻛ ﻩﺭﺎﻬﺑ ﻦﻳﻻ ﻚﻳ ﻭ ﻱﺍ
Yudal) ( ﻪﺑ
ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ٧ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ ﻭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﺲﻴﺗﻻ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻪﺘﻳﺭﺍﻭ
١٣٨٦ ‐ ١٣٨٧ ﺁ ﻭ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣﺭﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﺲﻳﺩﺮﭘ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣ
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ .
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻱﮊﺎﻜﻨﻴﻟ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ٤٥٩
،ﻢﻳﺯﻭﺰﻳﺁ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﻟﻮﻜﻟﻮﻣ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ،RFLP
،RAPD
ﻭ SSR
ﻪﻛﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻢﻴﺳﺮﺗ SNP
١٩ ﻲﻣ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺍﺭ ﻱﮊﺎﻜﻨﻴﻟ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺩﺍﺩ
. ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ
ﻱﺍ
ﻌﺗ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﻛﺮﻣ ﻝﻮﻃ ،ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ،ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ،ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﺎﺗ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺪ
ﻞﮔ ﻞﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ ﻞﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ
،ﻪﺳ ،ﻪﺳ ،ﻭﺩ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ
ﻪﺳ ﻭ ﻭﺩ ،ﮏﻳ ﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ QTL
. ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻡﻭﺯﻮﻣﻭﺮﻛ ﻱﻭﺭ QTL
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻭ DY13
ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ DY6
ﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈ
ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺳﺭ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ .
ﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ،ﺍﺰﻠﻛ :
QTLﻲﺑﺎﻳ ﻲﮕﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ،ﻒﻋﺎﻀﻣ ﺪﻴﻳﻮﻠﭘﺎﻫ ، .
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﻲﻳﺍﺬﻏ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻲﻛﺍﺭﻮﺧ ﻦﻏﻭﺭ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ
ﻑﺮﺻ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ
ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻔﮕﻨﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺳﻮﺑ ﻭ ﺖ
ﻴ ﻪﻠ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺗﺄ
ﻣ ﻴ ﻦ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ . ﺍﺰﻠﮐ
(Brassica napus L.)
ﻣﻮﺳ ﻴ ﮔ ﻦ ﻴ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﻩﺎ
ﻨﻏﻭﺭ ﻲ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻳ
ﻧ ﻥﺍﺮ ﻴ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺰ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺧﺍ ﻴ ﻪﺑ ﺮ
ﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻳ
ﻨﻏﻭﺭ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻦ ﻲ
ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﭘ ﻱﺍ
ﻴ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺍﺪ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ .
ﺖﺤﺗ ﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ ﺍﺰﻠﮐ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ
ﺛﺎﺗ ﻴ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻪﺳ ﺮ
ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻭ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﺑ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻱﺮﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ
ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻑﻼﻏ ﻝﻮﻃ ،ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ
ﻭ
ﻲﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
. ﻳﺍ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻦ ﺗﺎﻔﺻ ﺎﻫ ﻲ
ﻤﮐ ﻲ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻥﮊ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻴ
ﺤﻣ ﺮ ﻴ ﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻂ ﻲ ﮔ ﻴ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺮ
ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ *
: ﻟﻭ ﻲ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻪﻟﺍ ﻱ
ﻦﻔﻠﺗ
: ۱۹۶۱۶۷۴ ‐
۰۹۱۲
E-mail: [email protected]
۱۳۴ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
۴۰
، ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ۴ ، ۱۳۸۸
ﻫﺎﻣ ﮎﺭﺩ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻴ
ﺘﻧﮊ ﺖ ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﻮﺷﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ
(Chen et al., 2007)
.
ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﻳ ﺑﺎ ﻲ ﺎﺟ ﻳ ﻩﺎﮕ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻧﮊ ﻲ ﻤﮐ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ
١ﻲ
) (QTL
ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻳ ﻪﻫﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺧﺍ
ﻴ ﺍﺮﺑ ﺮ ﻱ
ﺘﻧﮊ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻴ
ﮑ ﻲ ﻤﮐ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻲ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
)
Javidfar et al., 2006
.(
ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﺘﻤﺴﻗ ﻪﺑ QTL
ﻲ ﻡﻮﻧﮊ ﺯﺍ
ﻣ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻲ ﻭﺭ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻱ
ﻤﮐ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻲ
ﺛﺎﺗ ﻴ ﻣ ﺮ ﻲ ﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺬﮔ
ﺴﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻴ
ﺯ ﺭﺎ ﻳ ﺩﺎ ﻱ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﮊ ﻳ
ﻀﻌﺑ ﺎ ﻲ ﻭ ﻳ ﺎ
ﺘﺣ ﻲ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻤﮐ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻲ
ﻣ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ
)
Liu, 1998
.(
ﻭ ﻲﻤﻛ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻢﻫ ﻕﺮﻔﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲﻟﻮﻜﻟﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻥﺁ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻉﻮﻧ ،QTL
ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻥﺁ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻡﻮﻧﮊ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻭ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ٢
(Liu, 1998;
Kato et al., 2000)
.
ﻘﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻣﻮﻧﮊ ﺕﺎﻘ ﻲ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻴ ﻪﻫﺩ ﺮﺧﺍﻭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺰﻠﮐ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺎﮑ
١٩٨٠ ﻟﻭﺍ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻴ
ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺘﻧﮊ ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﺎﻫﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻱ
RFLP
ﺪﺷ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ .
ﺣﻼﺻﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻲ
ﻬﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻴ ﻪ
ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺘﻧﮊ ﻴ ﮑ ﻲ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻴ ﺎﮑ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ) :
ﻒﻟﺍ (
ﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻳ
ﻫ ﻖ ﻴ ﺮﺒ ﻳ ،ﺪ ) ﺏ ( ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﻥﮊ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻣﻭﺎﻘﻣ ﻴ
ﺭﺎﻤ ﻱ ،ﺎﻫ ) ﺝ ( ﺘﻧﮊ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻴ
ﮏ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ
ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﮐ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻴ ﻔ ﻴ ﻭ ﻪﻟﺎﺠﻨﮐ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺖ )
ﺩ ( ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﻦ ﺎﻫQTL
ﻱ
ﮊﻮﻟﻮﻓﺭﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻳ
ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻭ ﮏ
)
Snowdon & Friedt, 2004
.(
ﺸﻴﺑ ﺍﺰﻠﻛ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺘ
ﻲﺑﺎﻳ
QTL
ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻣﻭﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
(Mayerhofer et al., 1978; Pilet et al., 1998; Somers et al., 2001; Zhao & Meng, 2003)
ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ،
(Burn et
al., 1993; Ferreira et al., 1993; Osborn et al., 1997;
Javidfar et al., 2006)
ﻦﻏﻭﺭ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ،
(Howell et al.,
2003; Samizade Lahiji, 2003; Delourme et al., 2006)
ﺭﺬﺑ ﮓﻧﺭ ﻭ
(Somers et al., 2001)
ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ
ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ
(Chen et al., 2007)
. ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻑﻼﻏ ﻝﻮﻃ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﺷﺎﺑ
ﺪ .
Samizade
Lahiji
) (2003
ﻭﺩ ،ﻩﺩﻮﺗ ﻕﺮﻔﺗ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ
1. Quantitative trait loci
2. marker assisted selection
ﻪﻛ ﺍﺭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ٢٢
ﻑﻼﻏ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻲﭙﻴﺗﻮﻨﻓ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ
.
Butruille et al.
) (1999
ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ QTL
ﻱﮊﺎﻜﻨﻴﻟ ﻱﺎﻫ ،N2
،N3
ﻭ N12
ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ N13
.
Yi et al.
) (2006
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻒﻋﺎﻀﻣ ﺪﻴﻳﻮﻠﭘﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻚﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺳ ،ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ،ﻪﺳ ،ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ QTL
ﻭ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ ﻞﮔ ﻝﻮﻃ ،ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ .
Udall et al.
) (2006
ﻭ
Quijada et al.
) (2006
ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ QTL
ﺎﺑ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ
ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻋﺎﻀﻣ ﺪﻴﻳﻮﻠﭘﺎﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫQTL
ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ .
Chen et al.
) (2007
ﺶﺷ ﻱﺎﻫQTL
ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ،ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺖﻔﺻ -
ﻞﮔ ﻝﻮﻃ ،ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺢﻄﺳﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ،ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ
ﺮﻓ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻑﻼﻏ ﻝﻮﻃ ،ﻲﻋ
ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻒﻋﺎﻀﻣ ﺪﻴﻳﻮﻠﭘﺎﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ F2
ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ .
Ramchiaryet al.
) (2007
ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ QTL
ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻒﻋﺎﻀﻣ ﺪﻴﻳﻮﻠﭘﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﺳ ٦٥
ﺩﺪﻋ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ QTL
١٣
ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﮕﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ
.
ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ
ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻱﺎﻫQTL
ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺰﻠﻛ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ
ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫQTL
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺍﺰﻠﮐ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ .
ﻮﻣ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ١٣٥ ﻻ ﻳ ﻮﻠﭘﺎﻫ ﻦ ﻴﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻒﻋﺎﻀﻣ ﺪ
ﻗﻼﺗ ﻲ
Darmor-Bzh×Yudal
ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ INRA
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ
(Foiset et al., 1996; Pilet et al., 1998;
Delourme et al., 2006)
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﻊﺟﺮﻣ ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﻚﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻭ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ
ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ INRA
ﻲﻣ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ )
Delourme et al., 2006
.(
Darmor
ﻳ ﺭﺍﻭ ﮏ ﻳ ﻪﺘ
ﻮﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺴﻣﺯ ﻱ
ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ
Yudal
ﻳ ﺭﺍﻭ ﮏ ﻳ ﻩﺮﮐ ﻩﺭﺎﻬﺑ ﻪﺘ ﺍ
ﻱ
ﻣ ﻲ ﭗﻴﺗ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻝﺪﺘﻌﻣ ﻲﺣﺍﻮﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺴﻣﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫﺩﻭﺯ ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﺪﻨﻛ
(Delourme et al., 2006)
.
ﻦﻳﻻ
Darmor-Bzh
ﺍ ﻳ ﻻﻭﺰ ﻳ ﺭﺍﻭ ﻦ ﻳ ﻪﺘ
Darmor
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
Bzh
ﻲﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺩ :
ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﺑﺎﻳ ﻲ ﺎﻫQTL ﻱ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺧﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻲ
ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ...
۱۳۵
ﻫﺎﺗﻮﮐﺎﭘ ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻥﮊ
١ﻲ ﻣ ﻲ ﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻳ
ﺳﺎﺗﻮﻣ ﻖ ﻴ ﻥﻮ
ﺭﺍﻭ ﻳ ﻪﺘ
Primor
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ .
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ
ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ،ﻲﺳﺭﺩﻭﺯ ،ﻲﻫﺎﺗﻮﻛﺎﭘ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﺭﺬﺑ ) ﺕﻻﻮﻨﻳﺯﻮﻛﻮﻠﮔ ﻭ ﻚﻴﺳﻭﺭﺍ ﺪﻴﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ (
ﻪﺑ ﺖﻣﻭﺎﻘﻣ ﻭ
ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺳ ﻕﺎﺳ ﻴ
٢ﻩﺎ ﮔﺮﺑ ﻪﮑﻟ ﻭ ﻲ
ﻦﺷﻭﺭ ﻲﻠﻜﺷ ﺪﻨﭼ ٣
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ )
Foisset et al., 1996
.(
ﻲﭙﻴﺗﻮﻨﻓ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ
١٣٥ ﻻ ﻳ ﻮﻠﭘﺎﻫ ﻦ ﻴﻳ ﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻒﻋﺎﻀﻣ ﺪ ﻳ
ﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻦ
ﺭﺍﻭ ﺖﻔﻫ ﻳ
ﻱﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻪﺘ )
Hyola401
،
RGS003
،
، Wang
Okapi
، Modena
، Zarfam ﻭ Dante
( ﺭﺩ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﻳ ﺗﻻ ﺡﺮﻃ ﮏ ﻴ
ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﺲ ٢
ﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﮑﺗ ﻲ
٨٧ ‐ ٨٦ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﺲﻳﺩﺮﭘ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻭ ﻲﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﺩﺮﮔ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻳ
ﺪﻧﺪ . ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ ﺮﻫ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ١٢ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺕﺮﻛ ﺮﻫ ﻭ ﻙﻮﻠﺑ ٤
ﻂﺧ ٥ / ١ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﻣ
ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ٢٥ ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻲ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺮﺘﻣ ١٠٠
‐ ٨٠ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ .
ﻄﻣ ﻲﺷﺎﭙﻤﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻫﺩ ﺩﻮﻛ ﻝﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻖﺑﺎ
ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ .
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ١٠ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺮﻫ ﻂﺳﻭ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ
ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺕﺮﻛ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺩﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ : ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ )
٥ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺯﺎﺑ ﻞﮔ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ( ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ، )
٩٠ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺯﺎﺑ ﻞﮔ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻩﺪﺷ (
ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ، )
ﻂﻘﻓ ١٠ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺯﺎﺑ ﻞﮔ ٩٠
ﻞﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ
ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺪﻧﺍ
( ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ، ﻲ
ﺮﺘﻣ ) ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ
ﻞﮔ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﺎﺗ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ
( ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ، ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻲ
ﺮﺘﻣ ) ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﺎﺗ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺢﻄﺳﺯﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ
ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ (
ﻞﮔ ﻝﻮﻃ ، ﻦﻳﺫﺁ
ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻲ
ﺮﺘﻣ
) ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﺎﺗ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻳﺎﭘﺯﺍ ﻝﻮﻃ (
ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ،
ﻞﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ
) ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ
ﻞﮔ ﻞﮔ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ ﺁ
ﺫ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳ ( ﻪﺑ ﻑﻼﻏ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻭ
ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ ) ﻝﻮﻃ ١٠ ﻞﮔ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻑﻼﻏ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ
.(
ﻱﮊﺎﻜﻨﻴﻟ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻢﻴﺳﺮﺗ
ﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺸﻘ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻢﻴﺳﺮﺗ
.
Foisset et al
) (1996
،
Lombard & Delurme
) (2001
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ .
Delourme et al
) (2006
ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ .
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻡﺎﺧ ﻱ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻛ
،ﻢﻳﺯﻭﺰﻳﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ
،RFLP RAPD
، ﻭ SNP SSR
1. Dwarfism
2. Blackleg 3. Light leaf spot
ﻲﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ INRA
ﻴ ﺍ ﺭﺎ ﻳ ﻄﻣ ﻦ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻳ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮑﻨ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻡﺎﺧ ﻱ
ﺧﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺯﺍ
ﺎﻫﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻱ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻕﻮﻓ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮐﺬﻟﺍ
ﻠﮑﺷ ﺞﮐ ﻲ ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻑﺬﺣ ﻕﺮﻔﺗ ﻴ
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦ ﻱ ﺯﺍ
ﺎﻫﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻱ ﺪﺟ ﻳ ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺪ ﻳ
ﻦ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﺪﺟ ﻱﮊﺎﻜﻨﻴﻟ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﻳ
ﻡﺮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺪ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ
Mapmaker/Exps3.0
ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ
LOD=4
ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ، ٥٠
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺎﻫ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺎﮔﺭﻮﻣ
(Haldane, 1919)
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ .
ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ QTL
ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ QTL
QTLcartographer
)
Basten et al., 1994; Zeng, 1994
( ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ
ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺐﻛﺮﻣ ﻱﺍ ) ٤
Zeng, 1994
( ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .
ﺪﺑ ﻳ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦ
ﻩﺮﺠﻨﭘ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ١٠٥
ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻲ ﺶﻳﻮﭘ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ،ﻥﺎﮔﺭﻮﻣ ٢
ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓﻮﮐ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺎﮔﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧ .
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺁ ﻦ ﻲ
ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻳ
ﺶﺧﺮﭼ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫQTL
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ٦
ﺎﻫ ) ﺎﺑ ١٠٠٠ ﺶﺧﺮﭼ ﺭﺎﺑ (
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
ﺪﺷ . ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺮﻫ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ QTL
ﻱ ﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑﺍﺮ ﻳ ﮏ ﺭﺩ LOD
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ )
Kim & Riesenberg, 1999
.(
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ
ﺨﺸﺗ ﻴ ﺍ ﺺ ﻳ ﻭﺩ ﻪﮑﻨ ﺎﻤﻧ ﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ QTL
ﻳ ﻩﺪﻨ ﻳ ﮏ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ QTL
ﻭ ﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺍﺪﮐ ﺮﻫ ﻪﮑﻧﺁ ﺎ ﻳ
ﮏ ﻣ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ QTL
ﻲ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺑ LOD
ﻴ ﻭﺩ ﻦ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ QTL
ﻱ
ﺑ ﺮﮔﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻴ ﻭﺩ ﻦ ﻣ ﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ QTL
ﻴ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻭﺎﺴﻣ LOD
ﻱ ﻭ
ﻳ ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﺎ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ ٢ ﻭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ،ﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ QTL
ﻣ ﻲ ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ﻳ ﻢ )
Lander & Botstein, 1989
.(
ﺚﺤﺑ ﻭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲﭙﻴﺗﻮﻨﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﺲﻴﺗﻻ ﺡﺮﻃ )
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ (
ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
ﻙﻮﻠﺑ ﺎﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﻛ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺕ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
، ﺡﺮﻃ ﻱﺪﻨﻣﺩﻮﺳ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﻙﻮﻠﺑ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ،ﺲﻴﺗﻻ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ )
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١ .(
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ .
ﺎﺑ
ﻮﻠﭘﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻚﻳ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺪﻴﻳ
4. composite interval mapping
5. Windows size 6. Permutation
۱۳۶ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
۴۰
، ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ۴ ، ۱۳۸۸
ﻲﻣ ﻒﻋﺎﻀﻣ
،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﺸﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺸﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻚﻳ ﻲﻣ F2
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺖﺛﺍﺭﻭ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ
ﺖﺛﺍﺭﻭ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻭ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ
ﺖﺛﺍﺭﻭ ﻒﺼﻧ ﺬﭘ
ﻳ ﺮ ﻱ ﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻲ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ )
Falconer, 1996
.(
ﻃ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺭﻮ )
١ ( ﺩ ﻳ ﻣ ﻩﺪ ﻲ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﺎﺗ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺖﺛﺍﺭﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺪﻧﺍ
.
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١
‐ ﺖﺛﺍﺭﻭ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻭ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﺕﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﺖﻔﺻ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ
ﺎﻄﺧ h2
ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﺎﺗ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
**
١ / ٤١ ٩٥ / ٤ ٤٤ / ٠
ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ) ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ (
**
٩ / ٥٨٨ ٧ / ٢٨ ٤٨ / ٠
ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ )
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ (
**
٤ / ١٥٢٧ ٩ / ٨٦٠ ٤٤ / ٠
ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ ﻞﮔ ﻝﻮﻃ )
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ (
* ٦ / ٥٣ ١ / ٣٠ ٢٢ / ٠
ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ ﻞﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
**
٧ / ١٤٦ ٢ / ٨٦ ٢١ / ٠
ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ ﻞﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ
**
٠٩٩ / ٠ ٠٣٤ / ٠ ٢٨ / ٠
،*
ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ **
٥ ﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ١ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ .
ﺖﺛﺍﺭﻭ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻤﻛ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ
ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻥﮊ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻳ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺖﺛﺍﺭﻭ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻦ
ﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﺎﺗ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
،ﻲ ﻌﺗ ﻪﮐ ﻴﻴ ﺗ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺍﺰﻠﮐ ﺪﺷﺭ ﭗ
،
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺍ ﻪﻛ
ﻳ ﻲﻧﮊ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺎﻳ ﻚﻳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻦ
ﻲﻣ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺩﺮﻴﮔ
(Ferreira, 1995)
. ﺖﺛﺍﺭﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ
ﻲﻫﺎﺗﻮﻛﺎﭘ ﻥﮊ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺭﺩ Bzh
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﻳ ﻣ ﺮ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺮﺜﮐﺍﺪﺣ ،ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ،ﻦ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﮔ
ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻻ ﻭ ﻦ ﻳ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻮﻠﭘﺎﻫ ﻴﻳ ﺪ
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻋﺎﻀﻣ )
٢ ( ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺝﺭﺩ .
ﺎﺘﻧ ﻳ ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺞ ﻲ
ﺪﻫﺩ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻦﻳﻻ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﺍﺮﻓ ﻒﻋﺎﻀﻣ ﺪﻴﻳﻮﻠﭘﺎﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻣ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ١
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﮔﺪﻨﻛﺍﺮﭘ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻣ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻞﻟﺁ ﻲ
ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻱ
ﺯﻮﺗ ﻳ ﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻊ ﻲ ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻴ
ﻩﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻦ
ﻥﻮﺳﺭﺪﻧﺍ ‐ ﻟﺭﺍﺩ ﻴ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻡﺮﻧ ﮓﻨ
Minitab
ﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﮔ
ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﻤﮐ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲ
ﺯﻮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻳ ﻝﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﻊ
1. Transgressive segregation
ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ .
ﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻲ ﺪﺒﺗ ﻳ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺮﺸﻓ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻧﺍ ﺎﻬﺘ ﻱ ﺯﻮﺗ ﻪﻟﻮﭼ ﻳ ﺯﻮﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻑﺮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻊ ﻳ
ﻣ ﻊ ﻲ ﺘﻧﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻴ
ﻪﺠ
ﻻ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻳ ﻦ ﻏ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻴ
ﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺮ ﻲ ﻣ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲ
ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻲﻳ
ﻣ ﻪﺘﺳﺎﮐ QTL
ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ
(Mutschler, 1996)
،
ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻳ ﺪﺒﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻦ ﻳ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞ ﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻳ ﺑﺎ ﻲ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ QTL
ﺪﺸﻧ . ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ )
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٣ ( ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻛﺪﻫﺩ
ﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉ
ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺦﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
ﻞﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﻞﮔ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ
ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻲﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﺎﺗ ﺯﻭﺭ
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺐﻟﺎﺟ ﻲﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻞﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻱﺮﺒﺟ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻞﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ
ﻦﻳﺫﺁ
ﻞﮔ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ
. ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻞﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻟﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻲ ﻞﮔ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺎﺑ ﻝﺎﺣ ﻦﻴﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ .
ﺸﻘﻧ ﻟ ﻪ ﻴ ﮊﺎﮑﻨ ﻱ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ١٩
ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﮊﺎﻜﻨﻴﻟ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ٣
ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ
ﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺏﺎﺴﺘﻧﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻪﺑ .
ﺿﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻴ
ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺢ
ﻌﺿﻭ ﻴ ﻡﻭﺯﻮﻣﻭﺮﮐ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺖ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺰﻠﮐ
2n=4x=38
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ٤٥٩
ﻝﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ
ﻲﻣﻮﻧﮊ ٢٩٥٩ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﮔﺭﻮﻣ ٤
/ ٦ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ
ﻮﻣ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﮔﺭ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ QTL
. ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﭘ ﻴ ﮕﺘﺳﻮ ﻲ ﺘﻧﮊ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻴ
ﮑ ﻲ .
Foisset
et al
) (1996
ﻐﺗ ﻭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻴﻴ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺮ .
ﭘ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻴ ﮕﺘﺳﻮ ﻲ ﻟﻭﺍ ﻴ ﻪ
ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻑﺬﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ
W02.1110
ﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻴ ﻠﮑﺷ ﺞﮐ ﻞ ﻲ
ﻕﺮﻔﺗ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ
DY1a
ﻭ
DY1b
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺴﮑﺷ ﻴ
ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦ
ﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿﺍ ﺎﻫﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﺪ ﻱ
ﺪﺟ ﻳ ﭘ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺪ ﻴ
ﮕﺘﺳﻮ ﻲ
DY7
ﻭ
DY17
ﻪﺑ ﻳ ﭘ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﮏ ﻴ
ﮕﺘﺳﻮ ﻲ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ
DY717
ﺪﺒﺗ ﻳ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻞ .
ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ QTL
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ١٤
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ QTL
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
،ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ
R2
ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻭ
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻲﺸﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ )
٤ ( ﻞﮑﺷ ﻭ ) ١ ( ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ .
ﻣ ﻲﺸﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﺒﺜ
ﻲ ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻞﻟﺁ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ QTL Darmor
ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﻳ
ﺸ ﻲ ﻔﻨﻣ ﻲ
ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲ ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻞﻟﺁ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻳ
ﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻨ
Yudal
ﻩﺪﻣﺁ
ﺖﺳﺍ .
ﻲﻳﺎﺿﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺩ :
ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﺑﺎﻳ ﻲ ﺎﻫQTL ﻱ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺧﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻲ
ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ...
۱۳۷
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٢
‐ ﻦﻳﻻ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ،ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻒﻋﺎﻀﻣ ﺪﻴﻳﻮﻠﭘﺎﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻦﻳﻻ ﻒﻋﺎﻀﻣ ﺪﻴﻳﻮﻠﭘﺎﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ
ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﺜﮐﺍﺪﺣ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻝﺍﺩﻮﻳ ﺭﻮﻣﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﻔﺻ
٦ /
٤ ٢٠٧/٥ ١٨٧/١ ١٩٣/٦٢ ١٨٩/٥ ٢٠٤ ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﺎﺗ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
٢٣ /
١٥ ١٥٦/٢ ٧٨/٧ ١٠٩/٦ ١١٧/٥ ١٠٥ (ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ) ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ
٥ /
١٤ ٩٦ ٢١/٣ ٥٣/٨ ٦٤ ٣٢/٥ (ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ) ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ٣
/
٤ ٤٦/٦ ٢٦/١ ٣٥/٣ ٣٠/٧ ٣٧/٥ (ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ) ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ ﻞﮔ ﻝﻮﻃ
٤٥ /
٧ ٧١/٨ ٣١/٥ ٤٧/٧٦ ٤٨/٣ ٥٦ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ ﻞﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
٢ /
٠ ٢/٠٢ ٠/٩ ١/٣٦ ١/٦ ١/٥ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ ﻞﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ
٣
‐ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ
ﺕﺎﻔﺻ )
١ ( ) ٢ ( ) ٣ ( ) ٤ ( ) ٥ ( ) ٦ (
ﺎﺗ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ
١
ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ٠٧٦
/ ٠ ١
ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ
٠٢٥ / ٠
‐
**
٨٥ / ٠ ١
ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ ﻞﮔ ﻝﻮﻃ ١١
/ ٠
* ١٩ / ٠ ٠٣٩ / ٠
‐ ١
ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ ﻞﮔ ﻝﻮﻃ
**
٣٣ / ٠
**
٣٧ / ٠
**
٢١ / ٠
**
٥٢ / ٠ ١
ﻑﻼﻏ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ ﻞﮔ ﻝﻮﻃ
٣٩**
/ ٠
**
٢٨ / ٠
**
٣١ / ٠ ١٦ / ٠
‐
**
٦٧ / ٠ ١
،*
ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ**
٥ ﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ١ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ .
ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﺎﺗ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻱﺎﻫQTL
ﻲﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﺎﺗ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﮑﻨﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺖﻔﺻ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻢﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺪﺷﺭ ﭗﻴﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﺗﺎﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﺎﺗ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺎﻄﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟ .
ﻭﺩ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻨﻌﻣ QTL
ﻲ ﺎﺗ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﭘ ﻴ ﮕﺘﺳﻮ ﻲ
DY6
ﻭ
DY13
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ٥٧
/ ٢١ ﻭ ٤٧ / ٢١ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻲﭙﻴﺗﻮﻨﻓ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ
. ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫQTL
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﭘ ﻴ ﮕﺘﺳﻮ ﻲ
DY6
ﻭ
DY13
ﻪﺑ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ
ﻱﻻﺎﺑ
R2
، ﺮﺛﺍ ﺮﭘ ﻱﺎﻫQTL
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ١
ﺪﻨﻳﺁ . ﺎﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ
.
Delourme et al
) (2006
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ .
ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﺎﺗ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺖﻔﺻ
ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺍﺰﻠﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺍﺰﻠﻛ ﺪﺷﺭ ﭗﻴﺗ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻥﮊ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻝ ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻤﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻲﺣﻼﺻﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻱﺪﻌﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻚﻴﺗﻭﺮﺘﻫ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﺣﻼﺻﺍ .
ﻡﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻗﻼﺗ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻊﻴﺳﻭ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﻚﻳ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻩﺭﺎﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺴﻣﺯ ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
Yudal
ﻻ ﻚﻳ ﻭ ﻩﺭﺎﻬﺑ ﻦﻳ
1. QTL with major effects
ﺪﻟﺍﻭ
Darmor
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﻻ ﻚﻳ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﺎﺗ ﺯﻭﺭ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻭﺩ ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
. ﻲﺸﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ
ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫQTL
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﻞﻟﺁ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺪﻨ ﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫQTL
Yudal
ﺙﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ
ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺰﻓﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﺸﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺍ ﺍﻳ
ﻩﺪﻨ
ﻞﻟﺁ ﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ
Darmor
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
Ferreira et al.
) (1995
ﻥﮊ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺭﺎﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ
٢ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻒﻋﺎﻀﻣ ﺪﻴﻳﻮﻠﭘﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻭ
ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺍﺭ .
ﻭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺮﭘ QTL
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﮊﺎﻜﻨﻴﻟ ﻭ LG2
ﺪﻧﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ LG8
. ﺕﺎﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ
ﻣ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻛﺍ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨ
٣ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻢﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺲﻴﺴﭘﻭﺪﻴﺑﺍﺭﺁ
ﻲﻣ ﺍﺰﻠﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﮊ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻭﺩ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ )
Burn et al., 1993
.(
ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫQTL
ﻪﺳ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ QTL
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﭘ ﻴ ﮕﺘﺳﻮ ﻲ
DY5
،
DY6
ﻭ
DY13
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ٧
/ ٥ ،
٩٦ / ٤١ ﻭ ٤ / ١٠ ﺍ ﻲﭙﻴﺗﻮﻨﻓ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﺍﺭ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻦ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ
. ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ LOD
ﻱﺎﻫQTL
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﭘ ﻴ ﮕﺘﺳﻮ ﻲ
DY6
ﻭ
DY13
ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻖﻠﻌﺗ .
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ
2. Vernalization
3. Ecotype
۱۳۸ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
۴۰
، ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ۴ ، ۱۳۸۸
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٤
‐ ﻲﻤﻛ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻱﺎﻫQTL
ﺖﻔﺻ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﻲﮕﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﺭﻭﺎﺠﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ
ﺯﺍ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻱﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ
ﻲﮕﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ LOD
R2 a
b ﻲﺸﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺮﺛﺍ
ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﺎﺗ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
DY6 Bzh-W09.CD1
٩ / ١٢٠ ٦٧
/ ١٠ ٥٧ / ٢١ ٢ / ٢
DY13
Na10C06- a4NE6
١٦ / ١١٨ ٧
/ ١٠ ٤٧ / ٢١ ٧ / ٢
‐
ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ
DY5
Y04.1510- A16.550 ٨
/ ١٣ ٥
٧ / ٥ ٨ / ٣
‐
DY6 Bzh-W09.CD1
٩ / ١١٨ ١٦
/ ٢٤ ٩٦ / ٤١ ٤٧ / ١٠
‐
DY13
Na10C06- a4NE6
١٦ / ١١٨ ٣٤
/ ٨ ٤٢ / ١٠ ٢ / ٥
‐
ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
DY6
Bzh-W09.CD1
٩ / ١٢٠ ٥
/ ٢٩ ٨ / ٥١ ٠٧ / ١١
‐
DY717 Bras068 - Ol13C12
٤٦ / ٥١ ٧٩
/ ٣ ٩ / ٣ ١ / ٣
DY13 H12.1300- Na10C06
١٦ / ١١٦ ٠٣
/ ٣ ٣ / ٣ ٨٧ / ٢
‐
ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ ﻞﮔ ﻝﻮﻃ
DY16 PFM319 - N01.800
٩٦ / ٧٢ ٦٩
/ ٣ ٧ / ٨ ٣ / ١
ﻞﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ
DY13 Na10C06- a4NE6
١٦ / ١١٨ ٥٨
/ ٣ ٨ / ٨ ٣ / ٢
‐
DY15 P11.715 - Na10D07
٠١ / ٤ ٨
/ ٣ ٢ / ٩ ٣ / ٢
ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ ﻞﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ
DY6
Na12D08- O20.1100 ٤٧
/ ٢٥ ٨٨
/ ٣ ٥ / ٨ ٠٧ / ٠
‐
DY717 Bras068 - Ol13C12
٤٦ / ٥١ ٣٢
/ ٣ ٤ / ٧ ٠٦ / ٠
DY13 E11.1850- CB10526
٨٤ / ٧١ ٥٧
/ ٥ ٦ / ١٣ ٠٧ / ٠
‐
:a ﺮﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﻲﮑﻴﺘﻧﮊ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ QTL
:b ﻦﻳﻻ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
Darmor ﻦﻳﻻ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻱﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ Yudal
⎟⎠
⎜ ⎞
⎝
⎛ −
2 Yudal Darmor
ﻲﻫﺎﺗﻮﻛﺎﭘ ﻥﮊ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﭘ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ Bzh
ﻴ ﮕﺘﺳﻮ ﻲ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ DY6
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ )
Foisset et al., 1996
( ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ
R2
ﻦﻳﺍ
QTL
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻪﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻲﺸﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ QTL
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻞﻟﺁ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺎﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ
QTL
ﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛﺎﭘ ﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ
Darmor-Bzh
ﺳﺭ ﺙﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻴ
ﻩﺪ ﺪﻧﺍ . ﺮﮔﺍ
QTL
ﭘ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻴ
ﮕﺘﺳﻮ ﻲ
DY6
ﻫﺎﺗﻮﮐﺎﭘ ﻥﮊ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺭ ﻲ
ﺯ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ Bzh
ﻳ ﺩﺎ ﻱ ﺭﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻳ ﺗﻮﻨﻓ ﺲﻧﺎ ﻴ ﭙ ﻲ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ
ﺟﻮﺗ ﻴ ﻣ ﻪ ﻲ ﻪﻴﻘﺑ ﻢﻳﺮﻴﮕﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﮐ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫQTL
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻲﭙﻴﺗﻮﻨﻓ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﹰﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫQTL
ﻱ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ
ﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﺳ
ﺪﻧﺍ . ﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﻦ
،ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ
Chen et al.
) (2007
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ١٠ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ QTL
ﺖﻔﺻ ﻒﻋﺎﻀﻣ ﺪﻴﻳﻮﻠﭘﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ
ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ .
ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫQTL ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
) (HPB ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻪﺳ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ QTL
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻱ ﻲﮕﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ،DY6
DY717
ﻭ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ DY13
٨ / ٥١ ، ٩ / ٣ ﻭ ٣
/ ٣ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﭙﻴﺗﻮﻨﻓ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ . ﻲﮕﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ QTL
ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ DY6
ﻦﻳﺮﺸﻴﺑ ﻞﻟﺁ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ R2
ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺎﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ
QTL
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ
Darmor-Bzh
ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺙﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺍ
.
ﻭﺮﮔ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻱﺎﻫQTL
ﻩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﮕﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻭ DY6
ﺎﺑ DY13
ﺖﻔﺻ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻱﺎﻫQTL
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻲﮕﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻭ DY6 DY13
ﻲﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻲﻠﻴﺧ ﻲﻧﺎﺷﻮﭘ ﻢﻫ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﭙﻴﺗﻮﻨﻓ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ )
٨٥**
/ ٠ (r=
ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
ﻲﭘﻭﺮﺗﻮﻴﻠﭘ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﮊ
ﺖﻔﺻ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻦﻴﺷﺎﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﮏﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺕﻻﺁ
ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﻣ ﻲﺣﻼﺻﺍ ﺖﻔﺻ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
Chen et al.
) (2007
ﺶﺷ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺍﺭ QTL
ﺪﻧ .
ﻞﮔ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻱﺎﻫQTL ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺫﺁ
) (LMI
ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻳ
ﮏ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ QTL
ﭘ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻴ
ﮕﺘﺳﻮ ﻲ
DY16
ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ .
ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ QTL
ﻣ ﻴ ﻥﺍﺰ ٧ / ٨ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻔﺻ ﻲﭙﻴﺗﻮﻨﻓ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﻛ
.
