Meta-Analysis of Agronomic Factors Limiting Clover Forage Production in Iran Mohammad Zamanian

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Online ISSN: 2345-6957

Journal of Crops Improvement

Homepage: https://jci.ut.ac.ir/

University of Tehran Press

Meta-Analysis of Agronomic Factors Limiting Clover Forage Production in Iran

Vahid Rahjoo⁸ | Elias Soltani⁹

1. Corresponding Author, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]

2. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]

5. Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]

9. Department of Agronomy Sciences and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Technology (College of Aburaihan), University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article type:

Research Article

Article history:

Received: 5 November 2022 Received in revised form:

26 February 2023 Accepted: 6 April 2023 Published online: 24 June 2023

Keywords:

Berseem clover, Drought stress, Planting date, Planting method, Seeding rate.

The present study is conducted to separate the effective and influential management factors in the production of clover forage in Iran and to identify its limiting factors. In this study, the data obtained from 68 research projects conducted by the Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO) throughout the country during the 2009-2020 years have been analyzed, using the meta-analysis method. The results show that planting date -3.31%, planting method -22.82%, species +40.14%, seeding rate (planting density) +1.53%, drought stress -16.16 %, and phenological stage of forage harvesting - 15.42% justify the amount of forage clover variation. Thus, fall planting in the middle of September, basin planting method, choosing the Berseem clover species (Trifolium alexandrinum var. Karaj), the seeding rate of 15-20 kg ha^-1 (for forage production), and forage harvesting at the phenological stage of 10-25% flowering, are the most important management and agronomic factors in increasing clover forage production in cold and temperate regions, and not complying with one or a set of these factors will reduce the clover production and will cause yield gap.

Overall, the species, planting method, and drought stress are respectively recognized as the most important factors affecting clover forage yield in Iran.

Cite this article: Zamanian, M., Golzardi, F., Mahrokh, A., Azizi, F., Torabi, M., Ghotbi, V., Mofidian, M. A., Rahjoo, V., & Soltani, E. (2023). Meta-Analysis of Agronomic Factors Limiting Clover Forage Production in Iran.

Journal of Crops Improvement, 25 (2), 451-467.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22059/jci.2023.350428.2758

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22059/jci.2023.350428.2758

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