136
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Salmonella Isolated from Hamburgers and Detection of their Sensitivity to
Some Essential Oils
Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori1, Navid Mazroii Arani2, Mohsen Taghizadeh3, Farhad Sharafati Chaleshtori4
1 Assistant Professor, Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
2 MSc in Food Science and Technology, Food and Hygiene Control Laboratory, Deputy of Food and Drug, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
4 MSc in Microbiology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
(Received August 31, 2016 ; Accepted February 13, 2017)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Antibiotic resistance has prompted the use of medicinal plants with low side effects instead of common drugs. The aim of this study was to identify the contamination level of industrial hamburgers to salmonella, detecting their antibiotic resistance pattern, and their sensitivity to Ferula gummosa, Citrus limon, Rosmarinus officinalis, Pelargonium roseum, Zataria multiflora, Bunium persicum, Mentha piperita, Eucalyptus globulus, Lavandula angustifolia, Rosa damascene, Artemisia dracunculus, and Ocimum basilicum essential oils.
Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional study, 100 samples were randomly purchased from local markets in Kashan and evaluated for occurrence of Salmonella by culture media.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was evaluated using disc diffusion. Also, susceptibility of the isolates to 12 plant essential oils was evaluated by disc diffusion and microdilution methods.
Results: Two samples (2%) were contaminated with Salmonella that one was Salmonella serogroup C2 (antigen O8) and the other isolate was not in any serogroup. Disk diffusion method showed that the two isolates were 100% resistant to at least one antibiotic or more. The isolates were resistant to most of the antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, kanamycin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. The inhibitory effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil on growth of Salmonella was the highest with minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of 0.39 and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively, and the mean zone of inhibition growth of 23.67±1.18 mm.
Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolated from hamburgers was high. The essential oils used in this study exhibited high anti-Salmonella properties compared to common antibiotics and could be used as a beneficial medicinal plant.
Keywords: drug resistance, Salmonella, hamburger, essential oils J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2017; 27(148):136-142(Persian).
ﺠﻣ ــ ﻠ ـــ ﻧاد ﻪـ ـ ﻋ هﺎﮕـــﺸ ــ ﻠ ــ ﭘ مﻮـ ــ ﺷﺰ ــ ـــﻜ ـ ﻣ ﻲـ ــ ﻧزﺎ ـــ نارﺪـ
هرود هرﺎﻤﺷ ﻢﺘﻔﻫ و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ 148
ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳدرا لﺎﺳ 1396 ) 142 - 136 (
ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ زا هﺪﺷ اﺪﺟ يﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﻲﻜﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ ﻲﺘﻧآ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ يﻮﮕﻟا ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا زا يداﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ نآ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ و
ﺎﻫ
يﺮﺘﺸﻟﺎﭼ ﻲﺘﻓاﺮﺷ ﺎﺿر 1
ﻧ ﻲﻧارآ ﻲﻋورﺰﻣ ﺪﻳﻮ 2
هداز ﻲﻘﺗ ﻦﺴﺤﻣ 3
يﺮﺘﺸﻟﺎﭼ ﻲﺘﻓاﺮﺷ دﺎﻫﺮﻓ 4
هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ
فﺪﻫ و :
ﻲﺘﻧآ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا
دﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺐﺒﺳ ﻲﻜﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ يﺎـﺟ ﻪـﺑ ﻢـﻛ ﻲﺒﻧﺎـﺟ تاﺮـﺛا ﺎـﺑ ﻲﻳوراد نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ زا ه
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ لﻮﻤﻌﻣ يﺎﻫوراد .
ﺖـﻣوﺎﻘﻣ يﻮـﮕﻟا ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ ،ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ يﺎﻫﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا زا فﺪﻫ
ﻲﺘﻧآ
ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ نآ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ و ﺎﻫ نآ ﻲﻜﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ
ﻻ ،سﻮﺘﭙﻴﻟﺎﻛا ،ﺎﻨﻌﻧ ،هﺮﻳز ،ﻦﺸﻳوآ ،مﻮﻴﻧارژ ،يرﺎﻣزر ،ﻮﻤﻴﻟ ،ﻪﺠﻳرﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ،ﺪـﻧو
ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ نﻮﺧﺮﺗ و نﺎﺤﻳر ،خﺮﺴﻠﮔ .
شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
رد: اﻳ ﻦ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺻﻮﺗ ﻴ ﻔ ﻲ ﻌﻄﻘﻣ ﻲ زا ﺗﻴ ﺮ لﺎﺳ 1394 ﺎﺗ ﺗﻴ ﺮ لﺎﺳ 1395 داﺪﻌﺗ 100 ﻪـﺑ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
نﺎﻜﻣ زا ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ رﻮﻃ
ﺪـﺷ ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﺸـﻛ شور ﻪـﺑ ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎـﺳ عﻮﻴـﺷ ناﺰـﻴﻣ و يراﺪـﻳﺮﺧ نﺎـﺷﺎﻛ رد شوﺮـﻓ يﺎـﻫ .
ﺖـﻣوﺎﻘﻣ
ﻲﺘﻧآ ﻪﻟوﺰﻳا ﻲﻜﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ نژﻮﻴﻔﻳد ﻚﺴﻳد شور ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ اﺪﺟ يﺎﻫ .
ﻢﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ هﺪﺷ اﺪﺟ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻟوﺰﻳا ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ
12 ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻦﺷﻮﻠﻳادوﺮﻜﻴﻣ و نژﻮﻴﻔﻳد ﻚﺴﻳد شور ﻪﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا .
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ 2: ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ) 2 ﺪﺻرد ( زا
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ هدﻮﻟآ ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ .
نآ زا ﻲﻜﻳ ﻚﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮـﺳ نژ ﻲﺘﻧآ ياراد ﺎﻫ
) O8 هوﺮـﮔ
ﻲﻣﺮﺳ (C2
نآ زا ﻲﻜﻳ و ﭻﻴﻫ رد ﺎﻫ
زا ماﺪﻛ ﻲﻣﺮﺳ يﺎﻫ هوﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ
ﺖﻓﺮﮕﻧ . هﺪﺷ اﺪﺟ ﻪﻟوﺰﻳا ود 100
ﺪـﻨﭼ ﺎـﻳ ﻚـﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد
ﻲﺘﻧآ
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ موﺎﻘﻣ نژﻮﻴﻔﻳد ﻚﺴﻳد شور ﻪﺑ ﻚﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ .
ﻪﻟوﺰﻳا
ﺶﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ موﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻲﺘﻧآ ﺮﺗ
ﻚﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ ﻢﻫ ﺎﻫ نﻮﭼ ﻲﺴﻛﻮﻣآ ،ﻞﻜﻴﻨﻔﻣاﺮﻠﻛ
ﻦﻴﻠﻴﺳ -
نﻮﺴﻛﺎﻳﺮﺘﻔﺳ ،ﻦﻴﺴﻳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺎﻛ ،ﺪﻴﺳا ﻚﻴﻧﻻوﻼﻛ
ﺪﻧﻮﺑ ﻢﻳﺪﻳزﺎﺘﻔﺳ و .
ﺶﻴﺑ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻫﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎـﺳ يور ﺪـﺷر يرﺎـﻬﻣ ﺮـﺛا ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﺎﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺸﻳوآ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ رﺎﻬﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ
ﻲﮔﺪﻨﺸﻛ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ و ﺮـﺑاﺮﺑ
39 / 0 و 78 / 0 ﻲـﻠﻴﻣ رد مﺮـﮔ ﻲـﻠﻴﻣ
ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﺪﺷر ﻪﻟﺎﻫ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ و دﻮﺑ 18
/
±1 67 / 23 ﺪﺷ دﺎﺠﻳا ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ .
جﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳا ﻲﺘﻧآ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ: ﺳ ﻲﻜﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ
ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎ يﺎﻫ
دﻮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ زا هﺪﺷ اﺪﺟ .
ﺲﻧﺎﺳا تاﺮـﺛا ياراد هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا درﻮـﻣ يﺎـﻫ
ﺪﺿ ﻲﺘﻧآ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﻚﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ
ﻲﻣ و ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد لﻮﻤﻌﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﻲﻳوراد نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
.
يﺪﻴﻠﻛ يﺎﻫ هژاو
،ﻲﻳوراد ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ: ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ
، ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ،ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
زوﺮﻣا ﻪـﺑ ور فﺮﺼـﻣ ﻪـﺑ هدﺎـﻣآ يﺎﻫاﺬﻏ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ه
ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫاﺬﻏ عﻮﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ هدﻮﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا مﺎـﺧ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻪـﺳوﺮﭘ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺎﻳ و فﺮﺼـﻣ و ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮـﻗ ﻲـﺗراﺮﺣ يﺎـﻫ
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . ﻢﻬﻣ زا ﻲﻜﻳ ﺗـ
ﺼﺤﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻦﻳﺮ ـ
ﺒﻤﻫ تﻻﻮ ـ ﺖﺳا ﺮﮔﺮ
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻒﻟﻮﻣ :
يﺮﺘﺸﻟﺎﭼ ﻲﺘﻓاﺮﺷ ﺎﺿر نﺎﺷﺎﻛ -
: رد ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ و ﻲﻤﻴﺷﻮﻴﺑ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻚﻴﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ sharafati.reza@gmail.com E-mail:
1 . ،رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا ناﺮﻳا ،نﺎﺷﺎﻛ ،نﺎﺷﺎﻛ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻚﻴﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ رد ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ و ﻲﻤﻴﺷﻮﻴﺑ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ
2 . ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮﻠﻋ
داﻮﻣ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ،
،وراد و اﺬﻏ ﺖﻧوﺎﻌﻣ ،ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ و ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ناﺮﻳا ،نﺎﺷﺎﻛ ،نﺎﺷﺎﻛ
3 . ،رﺎﻴﺸﻧاد ناﺮﻳا ،نﺎﺷﺎﻛ ،نﺎﺷﺎﻛ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻚﻴﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ رد ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ و ﻲﻤﻴﺷﻮﻴﺑ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ
4 . ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ بوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ
تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ
،ﻲﻳوراد هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد مﻮﻠﻋ ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ
،دﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷ
،دﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷ ناﺮﻳا
ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ : 10 / 6 / 1395 تﺎﺣﻼﺻا ﺖﻬﺟ عﺎﺟرا ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
16 / 6 / 1395 ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
25 / 11 / 1395
يﻮﮕﻟا ﻘﻣ ﺖﻣوﺎ ﺘﻧآ ﻲ ﺑ ﻴ ﺗﻮ ﻴ ﻜ ﻲ ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ رد ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ
138 هرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﺘﻔﻫ و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ هرود نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﻠﺠﻣ 148
ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳدرا ، 1396
ﺎـﻳ و وﺎـﮔ ﺖـﺷﻮﮔ ار نآ هﺪـﻨﻫد ﻞﻴﻜﺸـﺗ ﻲﻠـﺻا هدﺎﻣ ﻪﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻪﻟﺎﺳﻮﮔ ﺪﻫد
.
هدﺎﻣآ زا ﺲﭘ هدروآﺮﻓ ﻦﻳا يزﺎﺳ
ﭻﻴﻫ ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد نوﺪﺑ ﻨﻳآﺮﻓ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
و هﺪـﺷ ﺪـﻤﺠﻨﻣ ،ﻲﺗراﺮﺣ ﺪ
ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ مﺎﺧ ترﻮﺻ دﻮﺷ
. هدﺎﻣ ﻚﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ نآ ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻲﻨﻤﻳا فﺮﺼﻣﺮﭘ ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
) 1
، 2 (.
يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ
ﻲﻜﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ زا
ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ
ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ هدﻮﻟآ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻲﻳاﺬـﻏ داﻮﻣ رد
ﺮـﺳاﺮﺳ نﺎـﻬﺟ ﻪـﺑ
رﺎﻤــﺷ ﻲــﻣ دور . و ﺖــﺷﻮﮔ عاﻮــﻧا فﺮــﺻ هدروآﺮــﻓ
يﺎــﻫ
هدﻮﻟآ مﺎﺧ ﻲﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﺑ
ﻪ ا
،يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﻦﻳ زا
ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ هﺪﻤﻋ دﺎـﺠﻳا
هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ يﺎﻫ
،ﻲﺷراﻮﮔ ﺐﺗ
هدور
) ﻪﺒﺼـﺣ ( و ﻲﺘﭙـﺳ
ﻲﻤﺳ رد نﺎﺴﻧا ﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺪ ) 3
، 4 ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ رد (.
عﻮﻴـﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺷﻮﮔ رد ﻲﻳﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ
ﻪﺘﺴـﺑ يﺎﻫ و هﺪـﺷ يﺪـﻨﺑ
ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪـﺑ هﺪـﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ 3
/ 22 و 4 / 16 ﺪـﺻرد ) 5 (
،
ﻮﻟآ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ ﻲﻳﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﻲﮔد 60
ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ،ﺪﺻرد
18 زﺎﺳ ﺖﺳد يﺎﻫ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ و ﺪﺻرد 50
ﺮﻬـﺷ رد ﺪﺻرد
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ هﺎﺸﻧﺎﻣﺮﻛ )
6 (.
شﺮﺘﺴﮔ و رﻮﻬﻇ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ
رد ﻦﻳا ﻲـﻣ نژﻮﺗﺎﭘ ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻟد ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا فﺮﺼﻣ ﻚﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ ﻲﺘﻧآ ﺎﻫ
رد
ﺰـﻛاﺮﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ
ماد ﻲﺷروﺮﭘ ﺎﻫ
و ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ يراﺪﻏﺮﻣ لﺎﺳ رد
يﺎﻫ ﺮﻴﺧا ﻪـﺑ
ﻧ ﻚﻳ
هﺪﺷ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ يﺪﺟ ﻲﻧاﺮﮕ لﺎـﻘﺘﻧا لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ
نژ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ يﺎﻫ يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ
نژﻮﺗﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ لﺎـﻘﺘﻧا ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ
و ناﻮﻴﺣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) 7
، 8 ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ (.
هﺪـﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا يﺎﻫ
نﺎﺸـﻧ ﺎﻫرﻮﺸـﻛ ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ و ناﺮﻳا رد يﺎـﻫﻮﮕﻟا دﺎـﺠﻳا هﺪـﻨﻫد
نآ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا و ﻲﻳوراد ﺪﻨﭼ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ
ﭗﻴﺗوﺮـﺳ رد ﺎـﻫ يﺎـﻫ
زا هﺪﺷ اﺪﺟ ﻲـﻣاد مﺎـﺧ ءﺎﺸـﻨﻣ ﺎـﺑ ﻲﻳاﺬـﻏ داﻮﻣ زا ﻲﻋاﻮﻧا
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) 1
، 4
، 9 (.
نﺎــﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲــﻳوراد زا ﻊﺑﺎــﻨﻣ هﻮﻘﻟﺎــﺑ يا ﺪﻨﺘﺴــﻫ ﻪــﻛ زا
نﺎﻣز ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ يﺎﻫ صاﻮﺧ
ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد و ﻲـﻳوراد نآ ﺎـﻫ درﻮـﻣ
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ . ﺲﻧﺎﺳا يﺎﻫ ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ
نﺎـﻣز ﻢـﻫ ﻪـﺑ
ﺶﺨﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ زا يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺮﺛا هدﺮﻛ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳا ﺮﻣا ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ
ﻴﻤﻫا ﺖ نآ ﺎﻫ رد نﺎﻣرد و مﺪﻋ زوﺮﺑ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ يﺎـﻫ دﺎـﻳز و
ﻢﺸﭼ ﺮﻴﮔ رد نآ ﺎـﻫ ﻪﺘﺸـﮔ ﺖـﺳا ) 10
، 11 (.
ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد يﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﺪﺿ ﺮﺛا ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا
،ﻪـﻧﻮﭘ ،ﻦﺸـﻳوآ ،هزﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ
يور ﺎﻨﻌﻧ و هﺮﻳز ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ
ﻲﻔﻴﺗارﺎـﭘ ،مﻮﻳرﻮﻣ ﻲﻔﻴﺗ يﺎﻫ A
B و ) 12
لﻮﻛاورﺎــﻛ و ﺪﻴﻫﺪﻟĤﻣﺎﻨﻴــﺳ ﺲﻧاﺮــﺗ ،ﻦﻧﻮــﻤﻴﻟ و(
ﻮﻤﻟﺎــﺳ يور ﻼﻧ يﺎــﻫ گﺮﺒﻟﺪــﻳﺎﻫ ﻊﺑﺎــﻨﻣ زا هﺪــﺷ اﺪــﺟ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ) 13 ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ( .
درﻮﻣ رد ﻲﻛﺪﻧا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮـﺻ ناﺮـﻳا رد ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ﻖـﻳﺮﻃ زا ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا لﺎﻤﺘﺣا و عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ،ﺖﺳا يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻢﻫ و ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
،ﻲﻳﺎـﻳﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﺪـﺿ و ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ يﺎﻫوراد ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا زا فﺪﻫ
ﻲﺘﻌﻨـﺻ يﺎـﻫﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ ﻲﮔدﻮﻟآ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ
نآ ﻲﻜﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ ﻲﺘﻧآ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ يﻮﮕﻟا ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ،ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ و ﺎﻫ
نآ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا زا يداﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ .
ﺎﻫ شور و داﻮﻣ
ﻪﻛ ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد ﺮﻴﺗ زا
لﺎﺳ 1394
ﺗ ﺎﺗ لﺎﺳ ﺮﻴ 1395 يور 12
ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺪﻧﺮﺑ
هﺪـﺷ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ
داﺪﻌﺗ ،ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ نﺎﺷﺎﻛ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ رد 100
ﺮـﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ داﺪـﻌﺗ ﻪﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣ لﻮﻣﺮﻓ سﺎﺳا n= z2 pq/d2)
( ﺮـﺑ و
سﺎﺳا = Z 96 / 1 ) 95 ﺪﺻرد ( d ، = 05 / 0 و
= p 7 ﺪـﺻرد
ﺑ ﻪ ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺲـﭘ ﻲﻓدﺎﺼـﺗ شور ﻪﺑ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ يﺎﻫ
ﻊــﻤﺟ زا ﺗ ﺰــﻛاﺮﻣ زا يروآ ﻪــﺑ ﺦــﻳ رﺎــﻨﻛ رد ًﺎﻌﻳﺮــﺳ ﻊــﻳزﻮ
بوﺮﻜﻴﻣ هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ مﻮـﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸـﻧاد ﻲﻳاﺬـﻏ داﻮـﻣ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ نﺎﺷﺎﻛ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ .
ﻲﻳﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖـﻬﺟ
ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎـﺳ
هرﺎﻤــﺷ ﺎــﺑ ناﺮــﻳا ﻲــﻠﻣ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘــﺳا شور زا 1810
هدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا
ﺪﺷ ) 17 .(
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ زا ﺲﭘ
،ﺎﻫ نﻮﻣزآ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴـﺷﻮﻴﺑ
ﺖﻬﺟ ﺎﺗ ﻴﻳ ﺪ ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ TSIﻞﻣﺎﺷ
هروا ، آ
،ز
،لﺪـﻧا
،تاﺮﺘﻴـﺳ
نﻮــﻣزآ
،ONPG نﻮــﻣزآ MR-VP و ﺶﻳﺎــﻣزآ ﺖــﻛﺮﺣ
مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﻓﺮﮔ .
هوﺮـﮔ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ و ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻲﻣﺮـﺳ يﺎـﻫ
نﺎﺸﻓارﺎﻬﺑ ﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟوﺮﺳ ﺖﻴﻛ زا ﺎﻫﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ ناﺮـﻳا ﺖﺧﺎﺳ
مﺮـﺳ ﻲﺘﻧآ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ
ﻲـﻠﭘ يﺎـﻫ نﻻاو O
هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا
ﺪـﺷ ) 5
، 14 (.
ﻲـﺘﻧآ ﺖـﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ
يﺮﺘﻛﺎـﺑ ﻲﻜﻴﺗﻮـﻴﺑ يﺎـﻫ
ﻪﻟوﺰﻳا
ﻞﻤﻌﻟارﻮﺘـﺳد سﺎـﺳا ﺮـﺑ و ﺮﺋﺎﺑ ﻲﺑﺮﻛ شور زا هﺪﺷ
te and Laboratory Standards Institu Clinical
CLSI ) (
نﻮــﺘﻨﻴﻫ ﺮﻟﻮــﻣ ﻂﻴــﺤﻣ يور آ
رﺎــﮔ Merck, Germany) (
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا )
15 ﻲﺘﻧآ (.
ﻚﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﻛﺮــﺷ زا يﺎــﻫ
ﺪــﻨﻫ يﺎﻳﺪــﻣ ﻦﻴﻠﻜﻴــﺳاﺮﺘﺗ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ
) 30
مﺮﮔوﺮﻜﻴﻣ (
ﻲﻨﭘ ، ﻦﻴﻠﻴﺳ ) 10 مﺮﮔوﺮﻜﻴﻣ (
يﺮـﺗ ، ﻢﻳﺮﭘﻮـﺘﻣ -
لوزﺎﺴــﻛﺎﺘﻣﺎﻔﻟﻮﺳ )
10 مﺮــﮔوﺮﻜﻴﻣ (
ﻦﻴﺳﺎﺴــﻛﻮﻠﻓوﺮﭙﻴﺳ ،
) 10 مﺮــــﮔوﺮﻜﻴﻣ (
ﻞــــﻜﻴﻨﻔﻣاﺮﻠﻛ ، )
30 مﺮــــﮔوﺮﻜﻴﻣ (
،
ﻲﺴــﻛﻮﻣآ ﻦﻴﻠﻴــﺳ - ﻚــﻴﻧﻻوﻼﻛ ﺪﻴــﺳا
) 30 مﺮــﮔوﺮﻜﻴﻣ (
،
ﻲﭙﻣآ ﻦﻴﻠﻴﺳ ) 10 مﺮﮔوﺮﻜﻴﻣ (
ﻢﻳﺪﻳزﺎﺘﻔﺳ ، )
30
مﺮـﮔوﺮﻜﻴﻣ (
،
ﻦﻴﺋﻮــﺘﻧارﻮﻓوﺮﺘﻴﻧ )
300 مﺮــﮔوﺮﻜﻴﻣ (
ﻦﻴﺳﺎﺴــﻛﻮﻠﻓرﻮﻧ ، )
30
ﻣ مﺮﮔوﺮﻜﻴ ( نﻮﺴﻛﺎﻳﺮﺘﻔﺳ ، )
30 مﺮﮔوﺮﻜﻴﻣ (
ﻦﻴﺴـﻳﺎﻣﺎﺘﻨﺟ ،
) 10 مﺮﮔوﺮﻜﻴﻣ (
ﻦﻴﺴﻳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺎﻛ و )
30 مﺮﮔوﺮﻜﻴﻣ (
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ .
ﻪـــﺠﻳرﺎﺑ نﺎـــﻫﺎﻴﮔ )
Ferula gummosa (
ﻮـــﻤﻴﻟ ،
) Citrus limon (
يرﺎﻣزر ، ) Rosmarinus officinalis (
،
ﻧارژ ـﻴ ــــــ مﻮ ) Pelargonium roseum (
ﻳوآ ، ـــــ ﺸ ــــ ﻦ
) Zataria multiflora (
هﺮـﻳز ، ) Bunium persicum (
ﺎـﻨﻌﻧ ،
)
Mentha piperita
( سﻮﺘﭙﻴﻟﺎﻛا ، )
Eucalyptus globulus (
،
ﺪــــــﻧوﻻ )
Lavandula angustifolia (
خﺮﺴــــــﻠﮔ ،
) Rosa damascene (
نﺎﺤﻳر ، ) Ocimum basilicum (
و
نﻮــﺧﺮﺗ ) Artemisia dracunculus (
ﺰــﻛاﺮﻣ زا ﻲــﻜﻳ زا
زا ﺲـﭘ و ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ ﻪـﻴﻬﺗ نﺎـﺷﺎﻛ رد ﻲﻳوراد نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ شوﺮﻓ ﺞﻳرﺎـﺑ ﻲـﻳوراد نﺎـﻫﺎﻴﮔ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ رد نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ رد ،ﺲﻧﺎـــﺳا رد ﻪـــﻳﺬﻐﺗ و ﻲﻤﻴـــﺷﻮﻴﺑ تﺎـــﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰـــﻛﺮﻣ
يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ
نﺎـﺷﺎﻛ ﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻚﻴﻟﻮﺑﺎ ﻪـﺑ
هرﺎﻤــﺷ يﺎــﻫ 5 ﺎــﺗ 17 ﺪﻧﺪــﺷ يراﺪــﻬﮕﻧ و يراﺬــﮔﺪﻛ .
ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ياﺮﺑ ،ﺎﻫ
نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ بﺎﻴـﺳآ و ﻚﺸـﺧ ﻪﻳﺎـﺳ رد
ﺪــﺷ ﺲﭙــﺳ و ﺪﻧ هﺎﮕﺘــﺳد ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ
ﺮﺠﻧﻮــﻠﻛ Clevenger )
(
ﺲﻧﺎﺳا
ﺪـﺷ يﺮـﻴﮔ ﺪﻧ
) 16 مﺪـﻋ ﻪـﻟﺎﻫ ﺮـﻄﻗ ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ ﺖـﻬﺟ (.
ﺪـﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا نژﻮـﻔﻳد ﻚﺴﻳد شور زا ﺎﻫﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﺪﺷر .
لﺮــﺘﻨﻛ و ﻚــﻧﻼﺑ ﻚﺴــﻳد ،ﻲــﻔﻨﻣ لﺮــﺘﻨﻛ ناﻮــﻨﻋ ﻪــﺑ
ﻲــﺘﻧآ ﻚﺴــﻳد زا ﺖــﺒﺜﻣ ﻦﻴﺳﺎﺴــﻛﻮﻠﻓوﺮﭙﻴﺳ ﻚــﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ
) 10
ﻲﻣﺮﮔوﺮﻜﻴﻣ (
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا )
17 (.
ﺖﻬﺟ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ رﺎﻬﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ و
ﻞﻗاﺪـﺣ
ﻪــﻟوﺰﻳا ياﺮــﺑ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﺸــﻛ ناﺰــﻴﻣ شور ﻪــﺑ يﺮﺘﻛﺎــﺑ يﺎــﻫ
ﺖﻴﻠﭘ زا ،ﻦﺷﻮﻠﻳادوﺮﻜﻴﻣ
ﺪـﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﻞﻳﺮﺘﺳا اﺰﻳﻻا يﺎﻫ .
اﺪﺘﺑا
،ﻚـﻫﺎﭼ ﺮﻫ رد 95
ﺮـﺘﻴﻟوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ
ﺖﺸـﻛ ﺮﻟﻮـﻣ
نﻮﺘﻨﻴﻫ ثاﺮﺑ Merck, Germany) (
ﻪﻓﺎﺿا
،هدﻮـﻤﻧ ﺲﭙـﺳ 5
ﺮﺘﻴﻟوﺮﻜﻴﻣ زا
ﻮﻴﺴـﻧﺎﭙﺳﻮﺳ ﻪـﻟﻮﻟ لدﺎـﻌﻣ ﻲﻳﺎـﻳﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ن
5 / 0
ﻚﻫﺎﭼ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻟرﺎﻓ ﻚﻣ
ﺪـﺷ ﻪﻓﺎـﺿا ﺎـﻫ .
ﺮـﻫ ﻪـﺑ ﺲﭙـﺳ
ﻚﻫﺎﭼ زا ماﺪﻛ ﺎﻫ
100
ﺖـﻗر زا ﺮـﺘﻴﻟوﺮﻜﻴﻣ
ﻲﻟاﻮـﺘﻣ يﺎـﻫ
serial two-fold dilutions) (
ﺲﻧﺎـﺳا لدﺎـﻌﻣ ﺎـﻫ )
100 -
195 / 0 ﻲــﻠﻴﻣ ﺮــﺘﻴﻟ ﻲــﻠﻴﻣ رد مﺮــﮔ (
لﻼــﺣ رد هﺪــﺷ ﻪــﻴﻬﺗ
د ي ﻞــﻴﺘﻣ ﺪﻳﺎﺴــﻛﻮﻔﻟﻮﺳ DMSO)
( 2 ﻪــﺑ ﻢــﺠﺣ ﺪــﺻرد
ﺪــﺷ ﻪﻓﺎــﺿا ﻢــﺠﺣ .
هرﺎﻤــﺷ ﻚــﻫﺎﭼ 11
ًﺎﻓﺮــﺻ يوﺎــﺣ
195 ﻞــﻴﺘﻣ يد لﻼــﺣ يوﺎــﺣ ﺖﺸــﻛ ﻂﻴــﺤﻣ ﺮــﺘﻴﻟوﺮﻜﻴﻣ
ﺪﻳﺎﺴــــﻛﻮﻔﻟﻮﺳ DMSO)
( ﻪﻓﺎــــﺿا ﻪــــﺑ 5
ﺮــــﺘﻴﻟوﺮﻜﻴﻣ
نوﺪـﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ نﻮﻴﺴﻧﺎﭙﺳﻮﺳ
ـﺑ ،ﺲﻧﺎـﺳا ﻪ
لﺮـﺘﻨﻛ ناﻮـﻨﻋ
هرﺎﻤﺷ ﻚﻫﺎﭼ و ﻲﻔﻨﻣ 12
يوﺎﺣ 100 ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ ﺮـﺘﻴﻟوﺮﻜﻴﻣ
ﺑ ثاﺮﺑ نﻮﺘﻨﻴﻫ ﺮﻟﻮﻣ ﺖﺸﻛ ﻪ
ﻪﻓﺎﺿا 100 ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﺮﺘﻴﻟوﺮﻜﻴﻣ
ﺑ ﻪ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺖﺒﺜﻣ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ناﻮﻨﻋ .
طﻮـﻠﺨﻣ زا ﺲـﭘ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ندﺮﻛ
ﺮﻜﻴﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ )
20
رود ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﻴﻧﺎﺛ rpm300
(
نآ تﺪـﻣ ﻪﺑ ار ﺎﻫ 18
ﺎـﺗ 24
ﺎـﺑﻮﻜﻧا رد ﺖﻋﺎـﺳ رﻮﺗ
±1 37
ﻚﻫﺎﭼ و هداد راﺮﻗ ﻪﺟرد ﺎـﻳ و تروﺪـﻛ دﻮﺟو ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﺎﻫ
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ تروﺪﻛ مﺪﻋ
ﺪـﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ .
ﻚـﻫﺎﭼ ﺖـﻗر
ﻢﻛ يوﺎﺣ ﺪـﺷر زا يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ )
تروﺪﻛ دﺎﺠﻳا مﺪﻋ (
ﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻪ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ناﺰﻴﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﺖﻌﻧﺎﻤﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﺪﺷر زا هﺪﻨﻨﻛ
MIC) ( ﺪـﺷ ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ
ﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﺲﭙﺳ و ﻪ
ﻚﻫﺎﭼ يﺎﻫ يور تروﺪـﻛ نوﺪـﺑ يﺎـﻫ
ناﺰــﻴﻣ و هداد ژﺎــﺳﺎﭘ رﺎــﮔآ نﻮــﺘﻨﻴﻫ ﺮﻟﻮــﻣ ﺖﺸــﻛ ﻂﻴــﺤﻣ يﺮﺘﻛﺎــﺑ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﺸــﻛ ﺖــﻈﻠﻏ ﻞﻗاﺪــﺣ MBC)
( ﻦﻴــﻴﻌﺗ ﺰــﻴﻧ
ﺪــﺷ ) 16 هداد (.
يﺎــﻫ ﻞــﺻﺎﺣ زا رد راﺮــﻜﺗ رﺎــﺑ ﻪــﺳ ﻦــﻳا
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا مﺮﻧ راﺰـﻓا يرﺎـﻣآ ﺶﻳاﺮـﻳو SPSS
16
(SPSS Chicago, IL)
راﺮــﻗ ﻞــﻴﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪــﻳﺰﺠﺗ درﻮــﻣ
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ .
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺲﻧﺎـﻳراو ﺰﻴﻟﺎـﻧآ زا ﺰـﻴﻧ ﺎـﻫ
ANOVA) (
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ يراد
05 /
<0 ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا p .
ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ
ﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻪ
داﺪـﻌﺗ زا هﺪـﻣآ ﺖـﺳد 100
ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ 2
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ) 2 ﺪﺻرد ( ﺖـﺒﺜﻣ ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ هدﻮﻟآ
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ . زا 2 زا ﻲـﻜﻳ ،هﺪـﺷ ﻪـﻟوﺰﻳا ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎـﺳ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نآ
ﺎـﻫ
ﻲــﺘﻧآ ياراد ﻚﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮــﺳ نژ
) O8 هوﺮــﮔ (C2 زا ﻲــﻜﻳ و
يﻮﮕﻟا ﻘﻣ ﺖﻣوﺎ ﺘﻧآ ﻲ ﺑ ﻴ ﺗﻮ ﻴ ﻜ ﻲ ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ رد ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ
140 هرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﺘﻔﻫ و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ هرود نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﻠﺠﻣ 148
ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳدرا ، 1396
نآ
ﭻﻴﻫ رد ﺎﻫ ماﺪﻛ زا هوﺮـﮔ
ﻲﻣﺮـﺳ يﺎـﻫ راﺮـﻗ
ﺖـﻓﺮﮕﻧ .
ﻲﻣﺮﺳ هوﺮﮔ ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ C2
ﻲﺘﻧآ ﺮﺜﻛا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻚـﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ
ﺎـﻫ
و دﻮــﺑ موﺎــﻘﻣ ﻦﻴﺳﺎﺴــﻛﻮﻠﻓوﺮﭙﻴﺳ ﻚــﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ ﻲــﺘﻧآ ﻪــﺑ ﺎــﻬﻨﺗ
ﻚــﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ ﻲــﺘﻧآ ﻪــﺑ ﺖﺒﺴــﻧ نآ ﺖﻴﺳﺎﺴــﺣ و دﻮــﺑ سﺎﺴــﺣ لوزﺎﺴﻛﻮﻤﻳﺮﺗﻮﻛ )
يﺮﺗ ـﺘﻣ ﻢﻳﺮﭘﻮ -
لوزﺎﺴـﻛﺎﺘﻣﺎﻔﻟﻮﺳ (
ﺰـﻴﻧ
دﻮﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﺑﺎﻨﻴﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ .
ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ود
،هﺪـﺷ ﻪﻟوﺰﻳا ي
100
ﺪـــﻧدﻮﺑ ﻲـــﻳوراد ﺪـــﻨﭼ ﺖـــﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ياراد ﺪـــﺻرد .
ﻪﺑ
ﻲـﺘﻧآ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ ود ﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ يرﻮﻃ ﻚـﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ
يﺎـﻫ
ﻲﺴـــﻛﻮﻣآ ،ﻞـــﻜﻴﻨﻔﻣاﺮﻠﻛ ﻦﻴﻠﻴـــﺳ
- ،ﺪﻴـــﺳا ﻚـــﻴﻧﻻوﻼﻛ
ﻮﺑ موﺎـﻘﻣ ﻢﻳﺪﻳزﺎﺘﻔﺳ و نﻮﺴﻛﺎﻳﺮﺘﻔﺳ ،ﻦﻴﺴﻳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺎﻛ ﺪـﻧد
. رد
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﺲﻴـﺳﻮﺳ زا ﻲﻋاﻮﻧا زا هﺪﺷ اﺪﺟ يﺎﻫﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ يا
،ﺎـﻫ
ﻪﺗﺎﭘ
پوﺮﮔوﺮﺳ رد مﺎﺧ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ و ﺮﮔﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ Bيﺎﻫ
C ، و
E/G
ﻲﺘﻧآ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ يﻮﮕﻟا ﺐﻠﻏا ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ نآ ﻲﻜﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ
ﺎﻫ
و ﻦﻴﻠﻜﻴـﺳاﺮﺘﺗ ،لوزارﻮﻓﻮﻔﻟﻮـﺳ ،ﺪﻳاﺮﺗﻮﻔﻟﻮـﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ لوزﺎﺴﻛﺎﻤﻳﺮﺗﻮﻛ .
ﻢﻫ
ﺶﻴـﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ار ﺖـﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ
ﺳ پوﺮﮔوﺮﺳ يﺎﻫﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎ و B
نﺎﺸﻧ C ﺪﻧداد ) 18 رد ﻦـﻳا (.
ﻲﺘﻧآ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﻚـﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ
يﺎـﻫ
،ﻞـﻜﻴﻨﻔﻣاﺮﻠﻛ
ﻲﺴﻛﻮﻣآ ﻦﻴﻠﻴﺳ -
ﻢﻳﺪﻳزﺎﺘﻔﺳ ،ﻦﻴﺴﻳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺎﻛ ،ﺪﻴﺳا ﻚﻴﻧﻻوﻼﻛ
هﮋﻳو ﻪﺑ و رد ﻲﺑﺎـﺨﺘﻧا يوراد ﻚﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ نﻮﺴﻛﺎﻳﺮﺘﻔﺳ
ﻪﭽﺑ ﺲﻳزﻮﻠﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ نﺎﻣرد ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ .
توﺎــﻔﺗ هﺪــﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸــﻣ يﺎــﻫ ﻒــﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﺎــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد
ﻲﻣ فﺮﺼـﻣ مواﺪـﺗ و ناﺰﻴﻣ ،عﻮﻧ رد توﺎﻔﺗ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻲﺘﻧآ
نﺎﻣز و نﺎﻜﻣ رد ﻚﻴﺗﻮﻴﺑ
ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ توﺎـﻔﺘﻣ يﺎـﻫ )
9
، 19 (.
ﺶﻴﺑ ﻪـﻴﻠﻋ ﺪـﺷر مﺪـﻋ ﻪـﻟﺎﻫ ﺮـﻄﻗ و ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣﺪﺿ ﺮﺛا ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻲﻣﺮﺳ هوﺮﮔ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ و خﺮﺴــﻠﮔ ،ﻪــﺠﻳرﺎﺑ ،ﻦﺸــﻳوآ ،هﺮــﻳز ﺲﻧﺎــﺳا ﻪــﺑ طﻮــﺑﺮﻣ رژ دﻮﺑ مﻮﻴﻧا ) 05 /
<0 .(p ﻢﻫ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ مﺪﻋ ﻪﻟﺎﻫ ﺮﻄﻗ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻲﻣﺮﺳ هوﺮﮔ ﻲﻳﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺪﺷر طﻮـﺑﺮﻣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ C2
دﻮـﺑ مﻮـﻴﻧارژ و هﺮﻳز ،ﻦﺸﻳوآ ﻪﺑ )
05 /
<0 .(p ﺲﻧﺎـﺳا يﺎـﻫ
هﺮﻳز
ﻦﺸﻳوآ و ﺶﻴﺑ ار ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺪﺿ ﺮﺛا ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻪـﻟﺎﻫ دﺎﺠﻳا ﺎﺑ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷر مﺪﻋ ﻲﻣﺮـﺳ هوﺮـﮔ ﻪـﻛ ﻲﻳﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎـﺳ ﻪـﻴﻠﻋ
اﺪﻧ ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺖﺷ
) 53 /
±1 33 / 25 و 00 /
±1 23 ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ( و
ﻲﻣﺮﺳ هوﺮﮔ يﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ )C2
58 /
±0 33 / 24 و 53 /
±1 67 / 24
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ( ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد .
ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ توﺎـﻔﺗ ﻪـﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ يراد
ﺲﻧﺎــﺳا ود ﺮــﺛا ﻦﻴــﺑ رﻮﻛﺬــﻣ
دﻮــﺟو ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎــﺳ ود يور
ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ ) 05 /
>0 .(p
ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻲﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻦﻳا ﺎﻫ
ﺶﻴﺑ ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺪﺿ ﺮﺛا
ـﻴﻠﻋ يﺮﺗ ﻪ هوﺮـﮔ ﻪـﻛ ﻲﻳﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎـﺳ
هوﺮــﮔ يﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎــﺳ ﻪــﺑ ﺖﺒﺴــﻧ ﺖــﺷاﺪﻧ ﻲﺼــﺨﺸﻣ ﻲﻣﺮــﺳ ﻲﻣﺮﺳ ﺪـﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ C2 )
05 /
<0 (.p ناﺰـﻴﻣ و MIC MBC
ﺑ ﻪ
ﺲﻧﺎﺳا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ود ﺮـﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻪـﻟوﺰﻳا يﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎـﺳ
ﻦﻴــﺑ راﺪــﻘﻣ ﺐــﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪــﺑ هﺪــﺷ 39
/ 0 ﺎــﺗ 50 ﻲــﻠﻴﻣ رد مﺮــﮔ
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ و 78 / 0 ﺎﺗ 100 ﻲﻠﻴﻣ رد مﺮﮔ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ دﻮﺑ . ﻢﻫ ﭼ ﻦﻴـﻨ
ﻢﻛ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ و MIC
ﺑ MBC ﻪ
ﺲﻧﺎـﺳا هﺪـﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﺎـﻫ
ود ياﺮﺑ ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻦﺸـﻳوآ ﺲﻧﺎـﺳا ﻪـﺑ طﻮـﺑﺮﻣ ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ
راﺪﻘﻣ 39 / 0 ﻲﻠﻴﻣ رد مﺮﮔ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮـﺘﻴﻟ و 78 / 0 ﻲـﻠﻴﻣ رد مﺮـﮔ
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ دﻮﺑ .
ﺲﻧﺎﺳا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هزوﺮﻣا
هرﺎﺼﻋ و ﺎﻫ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ يﺎﻫ
ﺧ ياراد ﻪﻛ ﻲﻟﻮﻨﻓ تﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ عاﻮﻧا ندﻮﺑ اراد ﻞﻴﻟد ﺖﻴـﺻﺎ
يﺎﻫوراد ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺪﺿ ﻲﻳاﺬـﻏ و ﻲﻳوراد ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ رد دﺎﻳز ﻲﺒﻧﺎﺟ تاﺮﺛا ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ هﺪﺷ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺪﻧا
) 20
، 21 (.
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد و هﺮـﻳز ،ﺎﻨﻌﻧ ،ﻦﺸﻳوآ ،هزﺮﻣ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﺮﺛا يا
ﺮﺑ ﺪﻧوﻻ مﻮﻳرﻮﻣ ﻲﻔﻳﺎﺗ ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ ،
ﻲﻔﻴﺗارﺎـﭘ ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎـﺳ و A
ﺑ نژﻮــﻴﻔﻳد ﻚﺴــﻳد شور ﻪــﺑ B ﺪــﺿ ﺮــﺛا و ﺪــﺷ ﻲــﺳرﺮ
نآ ﻲﻳﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ
ﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ .
ﺲﻧﺎﺳا رد رﻮﻛﺬـﻣ يﺎـﻫ
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ يﺎﻫ 1 / 0 و 5 / 0
لﺪﻣ رد ﺪﺻرد ﺐﺒـﺳ ﻲﻳاﺬـﻏ يﺎﻫ
عاﻮــﻧا ﻪــﺑ هﺪــﺷ ﺢﻴــﻘﻠﺗ يﺎﻫﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎــﺳ ﺖــﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺶﻫﺎــﻛ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ
ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ ﻲﻫﺎـﻣ و ﻪـﺟﻮﺟ ،وﺎـﮔ يﺎـﻫ )
12 ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ رد (.
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮـﺑ يزاﺮﻴـﺷ ﻦﺸـﻳوآ ﺲﻧﺎـﺳا ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﺪﺿ ﺮﺛا ﺎﻫ
ﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘﺳا سﻮﻛﻮ سﻮﺋروا
ﻲﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ موﺎﻘﻣ
ﻦﻴﻠﻜﻴـﺳاﺮﺘﺗ ،ﻦﻴﻠﻴﺳ
لوزﺎﺴﻛﻮﻤﻳﺮﺗﻮﻛ و )
22 (
ﺲﻧﺎـﺳا ﺎـﺑ هاﺮـﻤﻫ ﺪﻧوﻻ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا،
ﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﭼراد ﺎﻳ و ﻮﻤﻴﻟ سﻮﺋرا سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘﺳا
زا هﺪﺷاﺪﺟ
ﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻠﻛ يﺎــﻫ ﻲــﻜﻴﻨﻴ ﻧﺪــﺷ هداد نﺎﺸــﻧ ﺪ
) 23 .( ﻦــﻳا ﺞﻳﺎــﺘﻧ
هرﺎﺼـﻋ ﻲﺸـﺨﺑ ﺮـﺛا رد ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ ﺎـﺑ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ و ﺎـﻫ
ﺲﻧﺎﺳا
ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ يور ﺎﻫ
توﺎـﻔﺗ ﻲـﻟو دﻮـﺑ ﻮـﺳ ﻢﻫ رد ﺎـﻫ
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ناﺰﻴﻣ
يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﺛا يﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫ
زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺖـﺷادﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ،توﺎﻔﺘﻣ رﺎﻛ شور ،هﺎﻴﮔ عﻮﻧ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ هﺎﻴﮔ ) 24
، 25 (.
يراﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ
رﺎﻜﻤﻫ زا نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻲﻤﻴـﺷﻮﻴﺑ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ نا
و
ﻚــﻴﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ يﺎــﻫ يرﺎــﻤﻴﺑ رد ﻪــﻳﺬﻐﺗ ﻲﺸــﻫوﮋﭘ ﺖــﻧوﺎﻌﻣ و
ﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﺪﻧراد ار ﺮﻜﺸﺗ لﺎﻤﻛ نﺎﺷﺎﻛ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ ه .
References
1. Yang X, Huang J, Wu Q, Zhang J, Liu S, Guo W, et al. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Salmonella isolated from retail ready-to-eat foods in China. Food Control 2016; 60: 50-56.
2. Hajimohammadi B, Dehghani A, Moghadam Ahmadi M, Eslami G, Oryan A, Khamesipour A. Prevalence and species identification of Sarcocystis in raw hamburgers distributed in Yazd, Iran using PCR-RFLP. J Food Qual Hazards Control 2014; 1(1): 15-20.
3. Sinwat N, Angkittitrakul S, Coulson KF, Pilapil FM, Meunsene D, Chuanchuen R.
High prevalence and molecular characteristics of multidrug resistant Salmonella in pigs, pork and humans in Thailand-Laos provinces. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65(10): 1182-1193.
4. Nguyen DT, Kanki M, Nguyen PD, Le HT , Ngo PT, Tran DN, et al. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and extended-spectrum and AmpC beta-lactamase productivity of Salmonella isolates from raw meat and seafood samples in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 236:
115-122.
5. Soltan Dallal MM, Sharifi Yazdi M, Mirzaei N, Kalantar E. Prevalence of Salmonella spp.
in packed and unpacked red meat and chicken in south of Tehran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 7(4): e9254.
6. Sadeghi E, Mesgraf H, Bakhshi S, Nazari Moghadam P. The monitoring of salmonella in the hamburgers and kebab in the city of Kermanshah in 2010-11. 12th National
Confrence of Environmental Health 2012; 1- 5 (Persian).
7. Sharafati-chaleshtori R, Sharafati-chaleshtori F, Zamanzad B. The comparison of the antimicrobial resistance pattern (antibiotyping) of Staphylococcus strains isolated from orange and apple juices with the strains isolated from clinical samples, Shahrekord, Iran, 2007. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci 2009;
11(2): 47-51 (Persian).
8. Sharafati-chaleshtori R, Sharafati-chaleshtori F, Karimi A. Antibiotic resistance pattern of staphylococcus strains isolated from orange and apple juices in Shahre-kord, Iran. Pak J Med Sci 2010; 26(3): 615-618.
9. Morshed R. Resistance patterns to antibiotics in Salmonella serovars isolated from broiler flocks in Amol, Iran. Veternary Journal 2013; 26(4)(101): 31-39 (Persian).
10. Bigos M, Wasiela M, Kalemba D, Sienkiewicz M. Antimicrobial activity of geranium oil against clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules 2012; 17(9): 10276-10291.
11. Yap PS, Yiap BC, Ping HC, Lim SHE.
Essential oils, a new horizon in combating bacterial antibiotic resistance. Open Microbiol J 2014; 8(1): 6-14.
12. Mazhar S, Aliakbari F, Karami-Osboo R, Morshedi D, Shariati P, Farajzadeh D.
Inhibitory effects of several essential oils towards Salmonella typhimurium ,Salmonella paratyphi A and Salmonella paratyphi B.
Appl Food Biotechnol 2014; 1(1): 45-54.
13. Calo JR, Baker CA, Park SH, Ricke SC.
يﻮﮕﻟا ﻘﻣ ﺖﻣوﺎ ﺘﻧآ ﻲ ﺑ ﻴ ﺗﻮ ﻴ ﻜ ﻲ ﻼﻧﻮﻤﻟﺎﺳ رد ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ
142 هرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﺘﻔﻫ و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ هرود نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﻠﺠﻣ 148
ﺖﺸﻬﺒﻳدرا ، 1396
Salmonella Heidelberg strain responses to essential oil components. J Food Res 2015;
4(5): 73.
14. Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs Horizontal method for the detection of Salmonella spp. 4th Revision, INSO 1810. 2015: 1-38 (Persian).
15. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Fourth Informational Supplement. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. USA: Wayne, PA19087. 2014.
16. Sharafati Chaleshtori F, Taghizadeh M, Rafieiankopaei M, Sharafatichaleshtori R.
Effect of chitosan incorporated with cumin and eucalyptus essential oils as antimicrobial agents on fresh chicken meat. J Food Process Pres 2016; 40(3): 396-404.
17. Shahbazi Y. Chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of Mentha spicata essential oil against common food-borne pathogenic bacteria. J Pathog 2015; 2015:
916305.
18. Mrema N, Mpuchane S, Gashe BA. Prevalence of Salmonella in raw minced meat, raw fresh sausages and raw burger patties from retail outlets in Gaborone, Botswana. Food Control 2006; 17(3): 207-212.
19. Sharafati-Chaleshtori R, Mardani G, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Sharafati-Chaleshtori A, Drees F. Residues of oxytetracycline in cultured rainbow trout. Pak J Biol Sci 2013;
16(21): 1419-1422.
20. Sharafati-Chaleshtori R, Rokni N, Razavilar V, Rafieian Kopaei M. The evaluation of the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) essential oil and its chemical composition. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2013; 6(9):e7877.
21. Sharafati Chaleshtori R, Rafieian Kopaei M, Rokni N, Mortezaei S, Sharafati Chaleshtori A. Antioxidant activity of Zataria multiflora hydroalcoholic extract and its antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2013; 22(1): 88-94 (Persian).
22. Dallal M, Bayat M, Yazdi M, Aghaamiri S, Mashkani M, Mohtasab T, et al.
Antimicrobial effect of Zataria multiflora on antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from food. J Kurdistan Univ Med Sci 2012; 17(2): 21-29 (Persian).
23. de Rapper S, Kamatou G, Viljoen A, van Vuuren S. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil in combination with other aroma-therapeutic oils. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 2013.
24. Sharafati-Chaleshtori R, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Salehi E. Bioactivity of Apium petroselinum and Portulaca oleracea essential oils as natural preservatives. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8(3): e20128.
25. Sharafati Chaleshtori R, Rokni N, Rafieian Kopaei M, Drees F, Salehi E. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil in beef burger. J Agri Sci Technol 2015; 17(4): 817-826.
