Assessment of Medical Tourism Barriers in Tabriz City

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Assessment of Medical Tourism Barriers in Tabriz City

Abolfazl Ghanbari ^a, Fariba Karmi ^b, Taha Imanzadeh ^c

a. Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

b. Department of Geomorphology, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran c. Department of Geography and Tourism Planning, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

In recent years, the tourism industry has become one of the most lucrative industries in the world and there is intense competition among many countries to attract tourists. Meanwhile, medical tourism, as one of the indicators of health tourism, is a growing phenomenon in the 21st century, which has one of the fastest developments in the tourism market. It also has high economic and social benefits for the destination country and city. Tabriz is a university city and one of the educational and research hubs of the country in medical sciences and welcomes medical tourists from countries in the region that face obstacles and challenges in this industry.

The research method of the present study is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is documentary and field information. The statistical population of this study consists of the staff of the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Handicrafts of East Azerbaijan Province, professors of the Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences of Tabriz University and physicians and specialists of public and private medical centers in Tabriz. In three weeks, 70 questionnaires were completed, of which 67 were suitable for use; The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and analyzed by structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS-SEM). The evaluated variables, barriers to medical tourism were extracted from the summary of previous studies. The results showed that the barriers to medical tourism in Tabriz according to the path coefficients of the variables are: Language, communication and advertising barriers with a path coefficient of 0.271 in the first place has the greatest impact on the lack of development of medical tourism and the rest respectively Barriers to specialized manpower with a coefficient of 0.230, barriers to policy-making, legislation and monitoring and evaluation with a coefficient of 0.205, economic barriers with a coefficient of 0.189, barriers to facilities and infrastructure with a coefficient of 0.187 are in the next ranks. The results of this study show that except for the variable of manpower barriers, other variables have a role in the lack of development of medical tourism in Tabriz.

Keywords: Medical Tourism, Barriers to Medical Tourism, Structural Equation Modeling, Partial Least Squares (PLS), Tabriz City.

. Corresponding author (E-mail: [email protected]) http://doi.org/10.22059/JUT.2021.316388.868

Received: 9 April 2022; Received in revised form: 15 June 2022; Accepted: 9 August 2022

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Journal of Urban Tourism, 9 (2), 2022

Extended Abstract Introduction

In recent years, the tourism industry has become one of the most lucrative industries in the world, and there is intense competition among many countries to attract tourists. Meanwhile, medical tourism, as one of the indicators of health tourism, is a growing phenomenon in the 21st century, which has one of the fastest developments in the tourism market. It also has high economic and social benefits for the destination country and city. In 2017, all statistics and reports, including the World Health Organization forecast, indicate the growing growth of medical tourism in the world. Various sources estimate the global medical tourism revenue between $10.5 billion in 2012 to $32 billion in 2019 and forecast to reach $3 trillion by 2025. The Medical Tourism Association also estimated the global medical tourism revenue in 2016 at $100 billion. Currently, the main reasons for patients traveling to Iran are related to the quality of health services, low costs of medicine and treatment compared to other countries in the region, access to advanced and new equipment, the presence of specialists and efficient staff in the field of health, similar culture and language and lack of equipment and specialized forces in the country of origin. In the fourth and fifth development plans of Iran in the field of health, active presence in global markets due to the growing growth of globalization as the main approach with the aim of job creation, quality growth in the health sector and approaching global standards, earn and currency exchange to the country and supporting economic growth and becoming a health tourism hub in the region is considered.

Tabriz is a university city and one of the educational and research hubs of the country in medical sciences, and welcomes medical tourists from countries in the region which faces obstacles and challenges in this industry.

Methodology

The research method of the present study is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is documentary and field information. The statistical population of

this study consists of the staff of the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Handicrafts of East Azerbaijan Province, professors of the Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences of Tabriz University and physicians and specialists of public and private medical centers in Tabriz. In three weeks, 70 questionnaires were completed, of which 67 were suitable for use; The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and analyzed by structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS-SEM). The evaluated variables, barriers to medical tourism, were extracted from the summary of previous studies.

Results and discussion

Rejecting the effect of human power barriers on the lack of development of medical tourism: According to the confidence interval obtained from the evaluation results of the medical tourism barriers evaluation model in Table (4-27) is equal to 0.054; there is no significant relationship between the variable of human power barriers and the lack of development of medical tourism.

No rejection of the effect of economic barriers on the lack of development of medical tourism: According to the confidence interval obtained from the evaluation results of the medical tourism barriers evaluation model in Table (4-27), it is equal to 0.026; there is a significant relationship.

No rejection of the effect of barriers to policy-making, legislation, monitoring, evaluation on the lack of development of medical tourism:

According to the confidence interval obtained from the evaluation results of the medical tourism barriers evaluation model in Table (4-27), it is equal to 0.028; there is a significant relationship between the variables of barriers to policy-making, legislation, monitoring, evaluation and underdevelopment of medical tourism.

No rejection of the effect of language barriers, communication, advertising on the lack of development of medical tourism:

According to the confidence interval obtained from the evaluation results of the medical tourism barriers evaluation model

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in Table (4-27), it is equal to 0.020; there is a significant relationship between the variables of language barriers, communication, advertising and lack of development of medical tourism.

No rejection of the effect of barriers of facilities and infrastructure on the lack of development of medical tourism:

According to the confidence interval obtained from the evaluation results of the medical tourism barriers evaluation model in Table (4-27), it is equal to 0.021; there is a significant relationship between the variable barriers of facilities and infrastructure and the lack of development of medical tourism.

Conclusions

The results of this study show that except for the variable of manpower barriers, other variables have a role in the lack of development of medical tourism in Tabriz.

Also, the results of the collected data showed that economic barriers, policy barriers, legislation, monitoring, evaluation, language barriers, communications, advertising, barriers to facilities and infrastructure effectively affect the lack of development of medical tourism (Hypothesis 1, 2, 4, 5). This is important

according to the researches of experts such as Nagarjan (2004), Ye et al. (2008), Asnov and Rekrojipol (2011), Chen et al. (2012), Rokni et al. (2017), Verolava and Zhurbendze (2018), Haghighi Kafash Et al.

(2010), Sadrmomtaz and Agha Rahimi (2010), Turani et al. (2011), Delgoshaei et al. Azizi and Zahedi (2015), Karami et al.

(2015), are confirmed. Contrary to the results of previous studies, the results of this study showed that human power barriers have no effect on the lack of development of medical tourism (Hypothesis 3).

Funding

There is no funding support.

Authors’ Contribution

All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.

Conflict of Interest

Authors declared no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

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ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا

ﻗ ﻞﻀﻔﻟاﻮﺑا

1يﺮﺒﻨ - هوﺮﮔ ﺎﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟ و ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ يﺰﻳر

،يﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد رﻳ

ﺰ ي ﺤﻣ مﻮﻠﻋ و ﻴ

ﻄ ناﺮﻳا ،ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ،ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲ

ﻲﻣﺮﻛ ﺎﺒﻳﺮﻓ -

هوﺮﮔ يژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣﻮﺋژ

، ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد رﻳ

نﺎﻤﻳا ﺎﻫﺎﻃ هداز

- هوﺮﮔ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و ﺎﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ يﺰﻳر

، ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد رﻳ

هﺪﻴﻜﭼ

رد لﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ ﺮﻴﺧا ﺖﻌﻨﺻ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ

ﻲﻜﻳ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺪﻣآردﺮﭘ زا ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ

ﺎﻴﻧد ﻞﻳﺪـﺒﺗ هﺪـﺷ و

هدﺮﺸـﻓ ﺖـﺑﺎﻗر يا

رد ﻦﻴـﺑ

يرﺎﻴﺴﺑ زا يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ نﺎﻬﺟ

بﺬﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ

ﻪﺑ ﻢﺸﭼ ﻲﻣ

.درﻮﺧ ﻦﻳارد

،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ

ﻲﻜﻳ ﻪﻟﺰﻨﻣ زا

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ ﺷدﺮﮔ يﺮﮕ

،ﺖﻣﻼﺳ هﺪﻳﺪﭘ يﺎﻫ ور ﻪﺑ شﺮﺘﺴﮔ رد نﺮﻗ 21 ﺖﺳا ﻪﻛ ﻲﻜﻳ زا ﻊﻳﺮﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺎـﻫ ار رد

رازﺎﺑ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ

.دراد ﻲﻣ ﺪﺼﻘﻣ ﺮﻬﺷ و رﻮﺸﻛ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ياراد ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

. ﺰـﻳﺮﺒﺗ

ﻪﺑ

ﺐﻄﻗ زا و ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﺮﻬﺷ ناﻮﻨﻋ

ﻲﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ رد رﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ و ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ياﺮﻳﺬﭘ و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﺶﻟﺎﭼ و ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻦﻳا رد ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ زا ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ

ﻲﻣ وﺮﺑور ﻲﻳﺎﻫ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ شور

ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ _

ﻊﻤﺟ هﻮﻴﺷ و ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ

هداد يروآ

ﻲـﻣ ﻲﻧاﺪـﻴﻣ و يدﺎﻨﺳا تﺎﻋﻼﻃا و ﺎﻫ

ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ . ﻦـﻳا يرﺎـﻣآ ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ

ﺻ و ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ثاﺮﻴﻣ ﻞﻛ هرادا نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ار ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻊﻳﺎﻨ

ﺪﻴﺗﺎﺳا ،ﻲﻗﺮﺷ نﺎﺠﻳﺎﺑرذآ نﺎﺘﺳا ﻲﺘﺳد ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد

و يﺰﻳر

ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ و ﻲﺘﻟود ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ و نﺎﻜﺷﺰﭘ و ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ مﻮﻠﻋ

ﺪـﻫد

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻛ

ﻪﺑ ،لﺪﻣ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﺖﻬﺟ يﺮﻴﮔ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ترﻮﺻ

ﻪـﺘﻔﻫ ﻪـﺳ تﺪﻣ رد و ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا سﺮﺘﺳد رد ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ يﺮﻴﮔ

73 ﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻳا زا ﻪﻛ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻪ 70

ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸـﺳﺮﭘ ﻲـﻳاور و ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ؛دﻮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ياﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ

ﺎـﺑ ﺎـﻫ

لﺪﻣ شور ﻪﺑ و ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛ يﺎﻔﻟآ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

ﻦﻳﺮـﺘﻤﻛ دﺮـﻜﻳور ﺎـﺑ يرﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳ تﻻدﺎـﻌﻣ يزﺎـﺳ

ﻲﺋﺰﺟ تﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣ

PLS-SEM) (

ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ درﻮﻣ

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗو .

ﺎﻳزرا درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ زا ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ،ﻲﺑ

ﻊﻤﺟ ﺪﺷ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻦﻴﺸﻴﭘ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺪﻨﺑ .

ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﺰـﻳﺮﺒﺗ رد ﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ترﺎﺒﻋ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﻴﺴﻣ ﺐﻳاﺮﺿ

زا ﺪﻧا : ﺮﻴﺴـﻣ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺎﺑ تﺎﻐﻴﻠﺒﺗ و تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ،نﺎﺑز ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ 271

/ 0 لوا ﻪـﺒﺗر رد

ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ مﺪﻋ رد ار ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺎـﺑ ﺺﺼـﺨﺘﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺴـﻧا يوﺮـﻴﻧ ﻊـﻧاﻮﻣ ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻴﻘﺑ و دراد ار ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ

ﺮﻴﺴﻣ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ 230

/ 0

ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ،

نﻮﻧﺎـﻗ ،يراﺬﮔ

ﺮﻴﺴـﻣ ﺐﻳﺮـﺿ ﺎـﺑ ﻲﺑﺎـﻳزرا و ترﺎـﻈﻧ و يراﺬـﮔ 205

/ 0 ﻊـﻧاﻮﻣ ،

ﺮﻴﺴﻣ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺎﺑ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا 189

/ 0

ﺖﺧﺎـﺳﺮﻳز و تﺎـﻧﺎﻜﻣا ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ، ﺮﻴﺴـﻣ ﺐﻳﺮـﺿ ﺎـﺑ ﺎـﻫ

187 / 0 ﻪـﺒﺗر رد يﺪـﻌﺑ يﺎـﻫ

ﺮﮔراﺮﻗ ﻪﺘﻓ ﺪﻧا . ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻫد

ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﻴﻘﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا يوﺮﻴﻧ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺰﺟ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ مﺪﻋ رد ﻲﻋﻮﻧ

ﺪﻧراد ﺶﻘﻧ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ .

يﺪﻴﻠﻛ نﺎﮔژاو :

لﺪﻣ ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ

تﺎـﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﻞﻗاﺪـﺣ ،يرﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳ تﻻدﺎـﻌﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ

ﻲﺋﺰﺟ

PLS) ( ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ،

.

1 . لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ

[email protected]

Email:

ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :

20 / 01 / 1401 يﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :

25 / 03 / 1401 شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :

18 / 05 / 1401

http://doi.org/10.22059/JUT.2021.316388.868

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ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

ﺖﺴﻴﺑ نﺮﻗ عوﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ

ﻪﺑ ﻢﻜﻳو ﻟد ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺮﻳز دﻮﺟو ﻞﻴ ﻲـﻜﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗرا و ﻲﺘﻴﻨﻣا ،ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ،يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا يﺎﻫ

ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﺎﻴﻧد ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻪﺳ زا

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ )

،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و روﺮﺳ 1396

: 74 .(

يدازآ و راﺰـﺑا ،ﻲﻳﺎـﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪـﺑ يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ داﺮﻓا ﻪﻛﺎﺠﻧآزا

ﺖﺳد ندﺮﻛ ﺮﻔﺳ ياﺮﺑ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻧ ،ﺪﻧا ﺶﻴﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ و سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ،هﺪﺷ ﻲﻣدﺮﻣ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ زا

هﺮﺘﺴﮔ

ﻲﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ نآ

ﺖـﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺪﺷر ،ﻪﻔﻗو

)

،نارﺎـــﻜﻤﻫ و ﻲـــﻨﺟوﺮﺑ 21:1391

.(

ﻲﻧﺎـــﻬﺟ ﻦﻴـــﺑ دﺎﺼـــﺘﻗا ياﺮـــﺑ نﺪـــﺷ هﺪـــﻤﻋ ﺮـــﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻚـــﻳ ،ﻲـــﻠﻠﻤﻟا

ﺖـــﺳا

Yung-Sheng, 2013:152) .(

ﻞﻴﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘ يزﺎﺳدازآ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ،يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ و ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ رد ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ يﺎﻫ

ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ،يراﺬﮔ

ﻪﺑ

ﻪﭼرﺎﭙﻜﻳ ﺪﻳﺪﺸﺗ

ﻢﻫ ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ و هﺪﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ دﺎﺼﺘﻗا يزﺎﺳ ياﺮـﺑ يﺰـﻛاﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ زا نﺎﻣز

ﻪـﺋارا زا ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪـﺧ

ﺖــﺒﻗاﺮﻣ ،ﻲﻟﺎــﻣ و ﻲﻜﻧﺎــﺑ تﺎﻣﺪــﺧ ﻞــﻴﺒﻗ

هداد ﺖــﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﺮــﻴﻴﻐﺗ يﺮﮕــﺷدﺮﮔ و ﻪﻧﺎــﺳر ،شزﻮــﻣآ ،ﻲﺘــﺷاﺪﻬﺑ يﺎــﻫ ﺪــﻧا

Asprogerakas, 2007: 1) .(

ﻪــﻫد ﺮــﺧاوا زا ﻲﻜــﺷﺰﭘ يدﺮﮕﻧﺎــﻬﺟ ﺖﻌﻨــﺻ 1990

شﺮﺘﺴــﮔ رﺎﻴﺴــﺑ ﺖــﺳا ﻪــﺘﻓﺎﻳ

Kim et al., 2019: 1) .(

فﺮﺼﻣ ﻪﻬﺟاﻮﻣ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧرد ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻊﻴﺳو ﻒﻴﻃ ﺎﺑ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ

و ﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘ تﺎﻣﺪـﺧ زا يﺮـﺗ

ﺖﺳا هدﺮﻛ رﻮﻬﻇ نﺎﻣرد و ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ رازﺎﺑ رد ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺪﺷر

(Hwang et al., 2018: 2) .

ﻪﺑ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ناﻮـﻨﻋ

ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣﺮﻳز

ر ﺖﻣﻼﺳ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ زا يا ﻲﻣ ا

و تﺎﻣﺪـﺧ رد ترﺎـﺠﺗ مﺰﻠﺘﺴـﻣ ﻪـﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻚﻳ ناﻮﺗ

ﺖﺳا يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﺶﺨﺑ ود ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ

Bookman, 2007: 1) .(

فﺪﻫﺎﺑ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ رد

ﻲﻣ ﺮﻔﺳ صﺎﺧ ﺪﺼﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﺒﻳز ﻲﺣاﺮﺟ لﺎﻤﻋا مﺎﺠﻧا ﺎﻳ صﺎﺧ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻚﻳ نﺎﻣرد ﻲﻠﺻا

ﺪﻨﻨﻛ . ﻢﻬﻣ هزوﺮﻣا

ﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻦﻳا ﺪﺻ

لﺎﺣرد يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ عﻮﻧ

ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ظﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا يا

نوﺮﻘﻣ يا ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧزا و ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ

يژﻮـﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ و ﺶـﻧاد

ﺪﻧرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ مزﻻ يﺎﻫدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا زا ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ

يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ نﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳا رد .

لﺎﺣرد ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ

ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒﺴـﻧ ﺮﺗ

ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ ﺑ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ

ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ياﺮ هﺪﺷ

ﺪﻧا ) ﻦﺴﺣ ،رﻮﭘ 1393 : 3 .(

ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ لﺎﺣ رد

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ،ﺖﻣﻼﺳ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ناﺮﻳا ﻪﺑ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ تﺮﻓﺎﺴﻣ ﻲﻠﺻا ﻞﻠﻋ

ﺮﮕﻳد ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد نﺎﻣرد و وراد ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ

رد ﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ يوﺮﻴﻧ و نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ دﻮﺟو ،ﺪﻳﺪﺟ و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ تاﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳد ،ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ هزﻮﺣ

و ﮓـﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﺖﻣﻼﺳ

ﻲﻣ أﺪﺒﻣ رﻮﺸﻛ رد ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ يوﺮﻴﻧ و تاﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ دﻮﺒﻤﻛ و ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ نﺎﺑز

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . رد ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻢﺠﻨـﭘ و مرﺎـﻬﭼ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ

ﺰـﻴﻧ ناﺮـﻳا

ﻣزرد ﺪﺷر ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ يﺎﻫرازﺎﺑ رد لﺎﻌﻓ رﻮﻀﺣ ،نﺎﻣرد و ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻪﻨﻴ اﺰﻓ

هﺪﻨﻳ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ يزﺎﺳ ﻲﻠﺻا دﺮﻜﻳور ناﻮﻨﻋ

لﺎﻐﺘﺷا فﺪﻫﺎﺑ

ﺪﺷر ،ﻲﻳاز يروآزرا و ﺪـﻣآرد ﺐﺴـﻛ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ يﺎﻫدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ نﺪﺷ ﻚﻳدﺰﻧ و رﻮﺸﻛ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﻲﻔﻴﻛ

ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ و يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺪﺷر زا ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ و رﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﺑ

ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ رد ﺖﻣﻼﺳ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺐﻄﻗ ﻪﺑ نﺪﺷ

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ )

،يرﺎﺒﺟ

1388 : 34 .(

ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺎﻫرﺎﻣآ و شراﺰﮔ

،ﺎﻫ ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا ﺶﻴﭘ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ

،ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻛﺎـﺣ

ﻲ زا ﺪـﺷر

يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ نوﺰـﻓازور

ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ رد نﺎﻬﺟ ﺖﺳا . ﻦﻴﺑ ار نﺎﻬﺟ رد ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺪﻣآرد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ 5

/ 10 رد رﻻد درﺎﻴﻠﻴﻣ 2012

ﺎﺗ 32 درﺎﻴﻠﻴﻣ

رد 2019 ﺶﻴـــﭘ و هدز ﻦﻴـــﻤﺨﺗ ﻲـــﻣ ﻲـــﻨﻴﺑ

لﺎـــﺳ رد ﻲﻳﺎـــﻤﻧ ﺪـــﺷر ﺎـــﺑ ﺪـــﻨﻨﻛ 2025

ﻪـــﺑ 3 ﺪـــﺳﺮﺑ رﻻد نﻮـــﻴﻠﻳﺮﺗ

Laris & Tigua, 2017:113) .(

داﺪﻌﺗ ﻫرﻮﺸﻛ يﺎ ﻪﺋارا هﺪﻨﻫد تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺟرﺎﺧ

رد لﺎﺣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺖﺳا .

يرﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ زا ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا

،ﺎﻴﺒﻤﻠﻛ

،رﻮﭘﺎﮕﻨﺳ

،ﺪﻨﻫ

،ﺪﻨﻠﻳﺎﺗ

،ﺎـﺑﻮﻛ ،ﻲﺌﻧوﺮﺑ ﮓـﻨﻫ

،ﮓـﻨﻛ

،نﺎﺘـﺳرﺎﺠﻣ

،ندرا

،ﻲﻧاﻮـﺘﻴﻟ ،يﺰﻟﺎـﻣ

ﻦﻴﭙﻴﻠﻴﻓ و تارﺎﻣا هﺪﺤﺘﻣ ﻲﺑﺮﻋ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ يﺎﻫﺪﺼﻘﻣ هﺪﻤﻋ

يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ

ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ هﺪﺷ ﺪﻧا . ﭽﻤﻫ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ ﻦﻴﻨ

،ﻦﻴﺘﻧاژرآ

،يﻮﻴﻟﻮﺑ

،ﻞﻳزﺮﺑ ﻚﻳﺰﻜﻣ ،ﺎﻜﻳرﺎﺘﺳﺎﻛ و

ﻪﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ رد لﺎـﺣ ﺖﺧﺎـﺳ دﻮـﺧ ﻪـﺑ

ﺪﺼـﻘﻣ ناﻮـﻨﻋ باﺬـﺟ

رد ﻦـﻳا ﺖﻌﻨـﺻ ﺪﻨﺘﺴـﻫ

Singh, 2008: 449) .(

ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ صﺎﺧ و ﻲﮔدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟ

،ناﺮﻳا يرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ زا

ﻢﻴﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘاﺮﻴﭘ ،ﺮﺤﺒﺘﻣ

تﺎﺒﺛ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ و ﺖﻴﻨﻣا ﻲﻠﺧاد ) ﺤﻟاﻮﺑا

،ﻲﻨﺴ 85:1393 ( يﺮﺗﺮﺑ ، ناﺮﻳا ﻣزرد ﻴ ﻪﻨ لﻮﻠﺳ يﺎﻫ

،يدﺎـﻴﻨﺑ

تﺎﻌﻳﺎـﺿ ﻢﻴﻣﺮـﺗ

،ﻲﻋﺎـﺨﻧ

يرورﺎﺑﺎﻧ

..و ) . ﻚﻴﻧ ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و رﺎﺘﻓر 143:1395

( ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا ، يﺎﻳاﺰﻣ ناﺮﻳا ﻣزرد ﻴ ﻪﻨ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺖﺳا

.

نآ زا ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻣادا رد ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا رﻮﺸﻛ جرﺎﺧ و ﻞﺧاد رد ﻲﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد

دﺮﭘ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺧا ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ .

زا ﻲـﻜﻳ

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ

» ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ و ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ نﺎﺘﺴﺟﺮﮔ رد يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ

ﻲـﻠﻌﻓ يﺎـﻫ

« فﺪـﻫﺎﺑ ، ﻲﻳﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﺛﺆـﻣ ﺮـﺑ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ

يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ رد ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ

هزدﺎﻨﺑروژ و اوﻻورو ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا نﺎﺘﺴﺟﺮﮔ ) 1

2018 ( ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ، .

ﻪﻛ ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻂﺧ ﺪﻫد ﻲﺸﻣ ﺎﻫ و

1. Verulava & Jorbenadze.

(6)

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و يﺮﺒﻨﻗ /

29

،ﻦﻴﻧاﻮﻗ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ،ﺖﻟود

،ﺎﻫ ﻼﻜﺸﻣ ت طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ و يﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲـﻠﺤﻣ ﻢـﻬﻣ ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ ﻊـﻧاﻮﻣ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ

رد ﺖﺳا نﺎﺘﺴﺟﺮﮔ .

ﺪﻨﭼ رﺎﻜﻫار ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا ﻂﺧ ﻲﺸﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ

،ﻲﺠﻳوﺮﺗ يﺎﻫ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا

ﺖﻟود ياﺮﺑ

ﻖﻳﻮﺸﺗ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ يراﺬﮔ و ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ يﺎﻫرﺎﻛو

ﺶﺨﺑ ﺖﻣﺎﻗا و نﺎﻣرد هﺪﺷدﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺖﺳا

. ﻜﻤﻫ و ﻲﻨﻛر

1نارﺎ ) 2017 ( ،

رد ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ دﻮﺧ

» ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﻣزرد

يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻨﻴ ﻲﻧﻮﻔﻋ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﺑﻮـﻨﺟ هﺮﻛ يدرﻮﻣ

«

، ﻪـﺑ ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ

ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ رد هﺮﻛ ﻲﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ . ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ يﺎﻫ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ نﺎﺸﻧ

؛داد دﻮـﺒﻤﻛ

يﺎـﻫوﺮﻴﻧ ﺺﺼـﺨﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﺴـﻧا

ﻞﻏﺎـﺷ رد

ﺶﺨﺑ

،نﺎﻣرد ﻣزرد ﻪﻨﻴ

،ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﻢﻬﻣ

ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ

رد هﺮﻛ ﻲﺑﻮﻨﺟ ﺖﺳا . زﺎﻴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﻲﺠﻳوﺮﺗ

،ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻂﺧ ﻲﺸﻣ و يراﺬﮔ يزﺎﺳﺪﻨﻤﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ تﺎﻣاﺪﻗا

زا ﺮﮕﻳد ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺪﺷ . نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫ و ﻦﭼ ) 2

2012 ( رد ،

ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ دﻮﺧ

» ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ اﻮﻳﺎﺗ رد ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫد

ن

« ﻪـﺑ ،

ﻊـﻧاﻮﻣ ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ و

تﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ

رد زا ناﻮﻳﺎﺗ ﺪﻳد ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ

ﻦﻳا رﻮﺸﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ . ﻦﻳا ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ

نﺎﺸﻧ

؛داد

ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﺮﻔﺳ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ

ﻦﻳا

،رﻮﺸﻛ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻲﻓﺎﻛﺎﻧ

و ﺎﺳرﺎﻧ هرﺎﺑرد يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ

،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ نﺎﻣز

،ﻲﻓﺎـﻛﺎﻧ

دﻮﺒﻧ

،هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧ هرﺎﺑرد ﻲﺘﻳﺎﺿرﺎﻧ ﺮﻔﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ زا

ﺖﺳا . نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﻲﻣﺮﻛ )

1395 ( رد ، ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﺎـﺑ دﻮﺧ

» و ﻲﻳﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﺖﻳﻮﻟوا ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ

يدرﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﻠﺧاد ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ :

ﺪﻬﺸﻣ

«

ﺶﺠﻨـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ،

ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻪﺑ

ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺪﺼﻘﻣ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ

زا ﻳد هﺎﮔﺪ ﺪـﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﻲـﻠﺧاد ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺮـﺑ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ سﺎﺳا ﺎﻫ

تﻼﻴﻬﺴﺗ و

تاﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ

،ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﺺﺼﺨﺗ و ترﺎﻬﻣ نﺎﻜﺷﺰﭘ و نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ نوﺮﻘﻣ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﻪﺑ

ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ندﻮﺑ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺎﻫ

ﻢﻬﻣ

ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ .

يﺰﻳﺰﻋ و يﺪﻫاز ) 1394 ( رد ، ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ دﻮﺧ

» ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا و ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ

يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ

ﺎﺘﺳا رد ﺖﻣﻼﺳ دﺰﻳ ن

« فﺪﻫﺎﺑ ، ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ

دﺰﻳ نﺎﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ

ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ هداد يﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺎﺑ نﺎﮔﺮﺒﺧ

نﺎﺸﻧ ندﻮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧداد ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ

،ﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﻧاﻮﻗ و تارﺮﻘﻣ ﺖﺨﺳ و

،راﻮﺷد ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد يﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ

،ﻲﻠﺤﻣ دﻮﺒﻤﻛ يوﺮﻴﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا و

تﺎﻐﻴﻠﺒﺗ دوﺪﺤﻣ وﺰﺟ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ

رد نﺎﺘﺳا دﺰـﻳ ﺖـﺳا . نﺎـﮔﺮﻬﻣ و ﺎـﻴﻧ تدﺎﻌـﺳ )

1393 ( رد ،

ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ

» ﺖﻳﻮﻟوا و ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻢﺸﭼ زا ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ بﺬﺟ رد راﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ يﺪﻨﺑ

،ﻲـﺑﺮﻋ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ زاﺪﻧا

يدرﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ :

ﺪﻬﺸﻣ يﻮﺿر نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ «

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ اﺪﺘﺑا

رد راﺬﮔﺮﺛا يﺎﻫ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ﻪﻄﻘﻧزا ار ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ

ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ

بﺮﻋ نﺎﺑز هزﻮﺣ ﺞﻴﻠﺧ ﻪﺒﺗر ار سرﺎﻓ ﻪﻄﻘﻧزا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ و هدﻮﻤﻧ يﺪﻨﺑ

ﺖﻳﻮﻟوا ﻪﺑ ،نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ﺮﻈﻧ راﺬـﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ يﺪﻨﺑ

ﻪﺑ نﺎﻳﺎﭘ رد و ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ بﺬﺟ رد ﺎﻘﻣ

ﻲـﻣ ﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ و نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ هﺎﮔﺪﻳد ﻪﺴﻳ ﻦﻴـﻨﭼ و دزادﺮـﭘ

ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻲﻣ يﺮﻴﮔ

ﻪﻄﻘﻧزا ﻢﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ

ﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﮕﻳد ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ،ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ،ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ هﺎﮔﺪﻳد زا ﻢﻫ و نﺎﺳﺎ

راﺬﮔﺮﺛا

رد ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﺳا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻳﻮﻟوا زا ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ .

ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﺗ ﻪﺟو ﻪﻛ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ يﺎﻫ

رد ﭘ

ﺶﻟﺎﭼ و ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ رد ﺪﺷ ﺮﻛذ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻨﻴﺸﻴ

يﺎﻫ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ﻲﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ

ﺎﻣا ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻤﺗ دراد دﻮـﺟو ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺰﻳ

ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا :

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺮﺜﻛا رد

ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ زا صﺎﺧ درﻮﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ يور ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ﺪﻨﺘـﺷاد ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ

يرﺎﻣآ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ شور و ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ شور و

Smart-PLS

ﻣ ﻲ تﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺘﺸـﻴﺑ رد ﻪـﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ و اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ زا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ .

و ﺖﺳاراد ار رﻮﺸﻛ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ نﺎﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ زا ﺲﭘ ﻲﻗﺮﺷ نﺎﺠﻳﺎﺑرذآ نﺎﺘﺳا 40

ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ رد ﺮﻔﻧ راﺰﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻲﻗﺮﺷ نﺎﺠﻳﺎﺑرذآ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد و ﺪﻨﻨﻛ

. زا ﺶﻴﺑ 20 و ﻲـﺘﻟود ﻲﻧﺎـﻣرد ﺰـﻛاﺮﻣ رد ﻲﻣﻮـﻤﻋ و ﺺﺼـﺨﺘﻣ ﻚـﺷﺰﭘ راﺰـﻫ

ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ .

ﻪﺑ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ناﻮﻨﻋ

ﺐﻄﻗ زا و ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﺮﻬﺷ

مﻮـﻠﻋ رد رﻮﺸـﻛ ﻲﺗﺎـﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ و ﻲـﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎـﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .

ﻢﻫ نﺎﺑﺰﻴﻣ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﻜﻨﻳادﻮﺟوﺎﺑ نﺎﺘﺳا نﺎﻨﻃو

ﻢﻫ يﺎﻫ

ﻪـﺑ راﻮـﺟ رﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ﻪـﺋارا ،ﺖـﺳا ﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘ تﺎﻣﺪـﺧ

ﻲﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ زا ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ياﺮﻳﺬﭘ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) ﻲﻤﻣ ،رﻮﭘ 1389 : 5 .(

ﻲﻣ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ

ﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮ ﺮﻫ يراﺬﮔ

نآ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ و دﻮﺧ تﻮﻗ طﺎﻘﻧ يور ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

يﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑﺮﺼﺤﻨﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﮓـﻧرﺮﭘ رازﺎـﺑ ﻦـﻳا رد ار دﻮﺧ ﺶﻘﻧ دﺮﻓ ﺮـﺗ

1. Ro

2. Chen

(7)

ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ .

ﻲﻣ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ؛ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻠﺻا فﺪﻫ

ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و ﻲﻠﺻا فﺪﻫ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

د ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ هﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﻪﺑ

ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﻞﻳذ حﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﺞﻨﭘ ،ﺮﻬﺷ ﻦﻳا ر :

1 - ﻦﻴﺑ

ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ

نﻮﻧﺎﻗ و يراﺬﮔ

و يراﺬﮔ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﻄﺑار

؛دراد دﻮـﺟو يرادﺎـﻨﻌﻣ 2

- ﻊـﻧاﻮﻣ ﻦﻴـﺑ

و ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا يوﺮﻴﻧ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﻄﺑار

؛دراد دﻮـﺟو يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ 3

- ﻴـﺑ و يدﺎﺼـﺘﻗا ﻊـﻧاﻮﻣ ﻦ

ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﻄﺑار

؛دراد دﻮﺟو يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ 4

- تﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣا ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ز

و ﻲﺘﺧﺎﺳﺮﻳ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ

يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ

ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻪﻄﺑار

؛دراد دﻮﺟو يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ 5

- و تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا و نﺎﺑز ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ﺰـﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬـﺷ ﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ

ﻪﻄﺑار دراد دﻮﺟو يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ .

ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻣ يﺮﻈﻧ

ﻲﻣ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ار ﺖﻣﻼﺳ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ،يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺪﻨﻛ : و ﻲﺘﻣﻼﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﻳ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪﺧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺣور دﺮﻓ ﻪﻴ )

بآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ

بآ ،ﻲﻧﺪﻌﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ﺎﻳ اﻮﻫو (

ﻲﻣ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻞـﺤﻣ زا جرﺎـﺧ ﻲﻧﺎـﻜﻣ رد ،دﻮﺷ

ﻲﻣ لﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ زور ﻚﻳ زا ﺶﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ دﺮﻓ ﺖﻧﻮﻜﺳ ﺎﺠﻧا

ﺪﻣ ) ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و شﺎﻔﻛ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺣ 1389

: 24 .(

ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ

يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ هار ﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا :

ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ

ﻲﻣ ناﺮﻳا رد ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ

ﻪـﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪـﺑ ناﻮﺗ

يﻻﺎـﺑ يﺎـﻫ

ﻞﻤﺣ يﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ياﺮﺑ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا و ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻪﻓﺮﻌﺗ دﻮﺟو مﺪﻋ ،ﺖﻣﺎﻗا

ﺰﻛﺮﻣ دﻮﺒﻧ ،ﻞﻘﻧو زﻮـﺠﻣ ياراد و ﻲﻤﺳر

دﺮﻛ هرﺎﺷا ﻲﻠﺧاد زرا ﻪﺑ ﻲﺟرﺎﺧ يﺎﻫزرا ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ياﺮﺑ .

ﻪﻓﺮﻌﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ترﺎﻈﻧ مﺪﻋ ﻊـﻧاﻮﻣ ﻪﺘـﺷر ﻦـﻳا رﺎـﻛ رازﺎـﺑ ﻲﻏﻮﻠﺷ و ﺎﻫ

ﺖﺳا ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ هار ﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ يﺪﺟ .

ﻲﻣ

ﻢﻬﻣ و ﻦﻴﻟوا يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺪﻌﺑ ﺖﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ

ﻞـﻠﺧ و ﺖـﺳا نآ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ

ﮔ بﺬﺟ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ و ﺪﻳدﺮﺗ تﺎﺒﺟﻮﻣ نآ رد ﺖﺷاد ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ار ﺮﮕﺷدﺮ

) ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﻲﺘﻤﻌﻧ

:1394 40 .(

تﺎﻐﻴﻠﺒﺗ ،تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ،نﺎﺑز ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ :

ﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧا دازآ ﻪﻟدﺎﺒﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻣز دﺎﺠﻳا ﻲﻣﻼﻛ تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﺖﺳا ﺎﻫ

. ﭻﻴﻫ نﺎﺴﻧا ﻲﮔﺪﻧز رد

ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗرا رﺎﺘﻓر ﻪﺑ

هزاﺪﻧا ﭻﻴﻫ و دراﺪﻧ ﺮﻴﺛًﺎﺗ و ﺖﻌﺳو ﻲﻣﻼﻛ تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﺪﭘ

ﺪﻧا ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗرا هﺪﻳ ﻦﻴـﺠﻋ نﺎﺴـﻧا ﻲﮔﺪـﻧز ﺎـﺑ هزا

ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ) ،ﺮﻠﻴﻣ 1368 : 26 .(

ﻲﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ

تﺎـﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ياﺮـﺑ ﺖﺒﺴـﻧ ﻦﻳا يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ و يدﺮﻓ نﺎﻴﻣ تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﺚﺤﺑ رد ﺪﺳر

ﺖـﺳد و ناﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ ﺖﻴﻠﻣ و ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ و نﺎﺑز ندﻮﺑ نﻮﮕﻤﻫﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻣﻼﻛﺮﻴﻏ

ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺸـﻴﺑ ﺖﻌﻨـﺻ ﻦـﻳا نارﺎﻛرﺪـﻧا .

ﻛ زا ﺖﺳا ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻲﻣﻼﻛﺮﻴﻏ تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا مﺎﻴﭘ ﻪﻴﻠ

نآ مﻼﻛ دﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ داﺮﻓا ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﻪﻟدﺎﺒﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ار ﺎﻫ

ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ) ،ﻮـﻛﺮﺑ 1375 :

103 .(

تﺎﻐﻴﻠﺒﺗ : ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣ حﻮﺿو رد ءﺎﻘﺗرا و ﻲﺑﺎﻳرازﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ

ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﺐﻠﻏا ﻪﭼﺮﮔا ،ﺖﺳا يروﺮﺿ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺰﻴﻣآ

هدﺎﺳ ﺪﻳد ﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ هﺎﮕﻧ نآ ﻪﺑ يا

ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ) ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﻲﻤﻴﻫاﺮﺑا 1389

: 147 ﺑ زا ﻞﻘﻧ ﻪ

Williams,2006:483

.(

ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا يوﺮﻴﻧ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ :

ﻪﺑ داﺮﻓا ﺶﻘﻧ

نﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺮـﺜﻛا رد ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ

نﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ رد ﺎـﻣا ،ﺖـﺳا ﺮﻳﺬـﭘﺎﻧرﺎﻜﻧا ﺎـﻫ يﺎـﻫ

ﻪـﺑ نآ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳد ﻲﻠﺻا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻛ ،ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪﺧ

ﺖـﻴﻤﻫا و ﺖـﺳا ﺮﺘﺸـﻴﺑ ﺐـﺗاﺮﻣ

ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا يوﺮﻴﻧ يﻻﺎﺑ ﻦـﻜﻤﻣ ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ و نﺎﻧﺎﻤﻬﻴﻣ و ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ رد

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺮﮕﻳد ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺪﻴﻠﻘﺗ ندﻮﺒﻧ ﺖﺳا يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ

) ،ﻲﺑاﺮﻋا 1395 : 18 - 16 .(

ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ

نﻮﻧﺎﻗ ،يراﺬﮔ

ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا و ترﺎﻈﻧ ،يراﺬﮔ :

ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻂﺧ و ﺎﻫ ﻲﺸﻣ

يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ هزﻮـﺣ رد ﻲﺘﻟود يﺎﻫ ،

ﻪﺑ و ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ،يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ،ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ و ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ زا ﻪﺘﺳﺎﺧﺮﺑ

ﻦﻳارد ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ناﺮﻳا ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ هﮋﻳو

كرد ﻦﺘـﺷاد ياﺮـﺑ هرﺎـﺑ

ﻲﺘﻟود يﺎﻫدﺮﻜﻳور زا ﺖﺳرد ﻣزرد

يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ ﺖﻌﻨـﺻ هﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ ندﻮﺑ ﮓﻧﺮﻤﻛ ﻞﻳﻻد ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ و يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﻨﻴ -

رد ﻞﻗاﺪـﺣ

ناﺮﻳا يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا مﺎﻈﻧ -

د ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ و ﺖﻟود يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ كرد ياﺮـﺑ ﻲﺑﻮـﺧ يﺎﻤﻨﻫار ،نآ ﻲﻨﻳﻮﻜﺗ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ و ناﺮﻳا ر

دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻦﻳا .

ﻪـﺑ ﺮﺼﻣ و يﺰﻟﺎﻣ ،ﻪﻴﻛﺮﺗ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ

و ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟا ،يدﺎﺼـﺘﻗا دﺪـﻌﺘﻣ تﺎﻛاﺮﺘـﺷا زا يرادرﻮـﺧﺮﺑ ﻢـﻏر

ﻲﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺪﻧور ،ناﺮﻳا ﺎﺑ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻣزرد

ﻲﻣ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ار يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﻨﻴ نآ ﻲـﺳﺎﻴﺳ دﺎﺼﺘﻗا توﺎﻔﺘﻣ دﺮﻜﻳور زا ﺖﻳﺎﻜﺣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ

ﺎـﻫ

رد هزﻮﺣ دراد يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ )

ﻲﺘﻤﻌﻧ و

،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ 1394

: 43 ( .

(8)

31

و تﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣا ز

ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺮﻳ

ﺎﻫ : ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺮﻳز يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ ﮔﺮﺑرد

ار ناﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ هﺎـﻓر ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳا ﻲﺗﻼﻴﻬﺴـﺗ و تﺎﻣﺪﺧ هﺪﻧﺮﻴ

ﻲﻣ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ

نآ يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا و يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ بﺬﺟ رد ،ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳد و ﺪﻨﻛ

ﻲﻳاﺰﺴـﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ ﺪﺼـﻘﻣ رد ﺎﻫ

دراد ) ﻲﻔﺳﻮﻳ ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﺮﻴﻬﺷ 1393

: 25 .(

هﺎﮔﺪﻳد ﺐﺣﺎﺻ تاﺮﻈﻧ و ﺎﻫ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار رد ناﺮﻈﻧ

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و زرواﺮﺗ هﺎﮔﺪﻳد ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ) 1

2008 ( رد ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ، ﻞﻜﺷ

ﮔ دﺎـﺠﻳا و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ يﺮﻴ

ﻞﻤﺣ ،ﺖﻣﺎﻗا ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا ﺪﻧراد ﺶﻘﻧ شزرا

نﺎﻣرد و ﻞﻘﻧو .

ﻲﺟرﺎﺧ رﺎﻤﻴﺑ يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ تﺎﻣﺪـﺧ ﻪـﺋارا ﻞﺤﻣ رﻮﺸﻛ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻣرد ياﺮﺑ

ﻲﻣ ﺮﻔﺳ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ

ﺪﻨﻛ . ﺮﻔﺳ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ءاﺰﺟا ﺪﻨﻳآﺮﻓ ﻦﻳا رد )

و ﺖﻣﺎﻗا ،نﺎﻣرد (...

ﻲﻣ ﻪﺋارا ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ نﺎﻨﻜﻳزﺎﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ

ﻪـﻛ دﻮﺷ

ﻲﻣ شزرا ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ

ﺪﻨﻳاﺰﻓا ) ﻲﻠﻗ ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و رﻮﭘ 31:1397

.(

ﻖﺒﻃ ﻪـﺘﻔﮔ درﻮـﻓردار ) 2

2009 ( ،

د كر ﮕﻧا

يﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ هﺰﻴ

ﺖﺳا ﻲﺗﺎﻴﺣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳرازﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ .

ﺰﻟﻮـﻛ و لﺎـﻫ ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ ) 3

2008 ( نﺎـﻴﺑ

ﻲﻣ

ﻪﻧ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧراد

ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ

ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ زاﺮﺗ ياﺮﺑ هﻮﻘﻟﺎﺑ رﻮﻃ

ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ رﺎﻴﺴـﺑ ﻊﻓﺎـﻨﻣ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ،ﺖﺳا راﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺎﻫ و ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ

ﺐﻳﺮﺿ اﺰﻓ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﭘ ار يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا هﺪﻨﻳ دروآ

) باﺮﺗ ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و يﺪﻤﺣا 106:1389

.(

ﻞﻜﺷ 1 . ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ لﺪﻣ

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور

ﻊﻤﺟ شور ﺮﻈﻧزا و يدﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ،فﺪﻫ ﺮﻈﻧزا ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

هداد يروآ

ﺖﺴﻫ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ تﻻاﺆﺳ نﻮﻣزآ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ .

ﺮﻈﻧزا

ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣ دوﺪﺤﻣ

ﺖﻳ

ﺎـﻳزرا فﺪـﻫﺎﺑ ﻪـﻛﺎﺠﻧآزا و ﺖـﺳا ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ مﺎـﺠﻧا ﺰـﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬـﺷ رد ﻂﻘﻓ ،ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻊـﻧاﻮﻣ ﻲﺑ

ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ عﻮﻧ ﻚﻳ ،ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ

ـ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻊﻤﺟ ﺖﻬﺟ يروآ

هداد ﺎـﻫ

تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا ﺰﻴﻧ زﺎﻴﻧدرﻮﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا و ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ

ا ﻲﻧاﺪﻴﻣ و ي )

هﺪﻫﺎﺸـﻣ و ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼـﻣ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸـﺳﺮﭘ (

هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا

ﺖـﺳا هﺪـﺷ .

ﺖـﻬﺟ

،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ

ﺳ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎ

33

ﻪﻄﻘﻧ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ رد و لاﺆﺳ ﺎﻳ ﻪﻳﻮﮔ و ﻪﻴﻬﺗ تﺮﻜﻴﻟ ﻒﻴﻃ يا

ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ و يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ،ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ثاﺮﻴﻣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ رد

ﺪﻴﺗﺎﺳا ،ﻲﺘﺳد هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ هﺎﮕﺸـﻧاد ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ مﻮﻠﻋ و يﺰﻳر

ﺪـﺷ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ و ﻲﺘﻟود ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ و نﺎﻜﺷﺰﭘ و ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ .

ﻣ داﺪـﻌﺗ ﺮﺜﻛاﺪـﺣ ،ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﻦـﻳا رد يﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘ

هزاﺪﻧا لﺪﻣ رد ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ

يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ و يﺮﻴﮔ 5

ﻪﺑ ،ﺖﺳا 70

يرﺎـﻣآ ناﻮـﺗ ﻪـﺑ نﺪﻴـﺳر ياﺮـﺑ هﺪﻫﺎﺸـﻣ 80

% ﻞﻗاﺪـﺣ ﺐﺴـﻛ و

راﺪﻘﻣ لدﺎﻌﻣ 25 / 0 ) ﺎﺑ 5

ﺎﻄﺧ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺪﺻرد (

ﺖﺳا زﺎﻴﻧ . داﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ 73

ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸـﺳﺮﭘ ﺮﮔا ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يا

ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷ ﺮﭘ ﺺﻗﺎﻧ

ﺷاﺬﮔ رﺎﻨﻛ ﻲﺘﺣار

دﻮﺸﻧ دﺎﺠﻳا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﻲﻠﻠﺧ و دﻮﺷ ﻪﺘ .

ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ ياﺮـﺑ ،ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد

شور زا يﺮـﻴﮔ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮔ

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا سﺮﺘﺳد رد هدﺎﺳ ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ يﺮﻴ

ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ رد و ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ

هداد ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗو

مﺮﻧ زا ﺎﻫ راﺰﻓا و SPSS

PLS

ﻪﺑ و رﻮـﻈﻨﻣ

اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻲﻳاور زا ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ و ﻲﻳاور )

ﻣ نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ و ﺪﻴﺗﺎﺳا ﺮﻈﻧ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮ

( يﺎﻔﻟآ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ و

هراﻮﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛ 85

/ 0 ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،هﺪﺷ دروآﺮﺑ .

ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻣادا رد ﺺﺧﺎﺷ

ﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدروآ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ي .

1. Travers et al

2. Rutherford 3. Hall & Coles

(9)

لوﺪﺟ 1 . ﺺﺧﺎﺷ فﺮﻌﻣ و ﺎﻫ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ

ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ياﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ فﺮﻌﻣ

يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ

ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ياﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ دﺎﺠﻳا مﺪﻋ

ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺮﻳز ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ رد يراﺬﮔ

ﻞﻳﺪـﺒﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻤﺳر ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ دﻮﺒﻧ ،ﻪﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﻞﻤﺣ يﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ،دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا و ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻪﻓﺮﻌﺗ دﻮﺟو مﺪﻋ ،زرا

تﺎﻣﺪـﺧ يﻻﺎـﺑ ﻪـﻨﻳﺰﻫ ،ﺖـﻣﺎﻗا يﻻﺎـﺑ ﻪـﻨﻳﺰﻫ ،ﻞﻘﻧو

ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ

ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ،يراﺬﮔ

نﻮﻧﺎﻗ و ترﺎﻈﻧ ،يراﺬﮔ

ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا مﺪﻋ

مﺪﻋ ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ زا ﺖﻟود ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ

ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮـﺳ و دورو ياﺮﺑ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺶﺨﺑ زا ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ

رد يراﺬـﮔ

ﻂﺧ ناﺪﻘﻓ ،يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ

ﻲﺸﻣ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و يراﺬﮔ

،ﻲﻟﻮﺘﻣ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ دﺎﻬﻧ دﻮﺟو مﺪﻋ ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ يﺰﻳر

نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ

ﺶﺨﺑ ندﻮﺒﻧ هدﺎﻣآ ،يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﺮﻇﺎﻧ و هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻫد

رﻮـﺗ ﺮـﻴﻈﻧ يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

و نﺎﻧادﺮﮔ ...

لﺎﻌﻓ رﻮﻀﺣ ياﺮﺑ ﺖـﻬﺟ يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﻴﻧاﻮﻗ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ مﺪﻋ و ناﺪﻘﻓ ،يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﺻﺮﻋ رد

نﺎﻴﺿﺎﻘﺘﻣ يﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﻴﻧاﻮﻗ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ مﺪﻋ و ناﺪﻘﻓ ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ دورو ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ

ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا يوﺮﻴﻧ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ

ﻪﺘﺷر نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ داﺪﻌﺗ رد ﺖﻳدوﺪﺤﻣ

ﺮـﺑ ﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕـﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﺼـﺼﺨﺗ شزﻮﻣآ دﻮﺒﻧ ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ يا

ﺖﻛﺮﺷ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ و ناﺮﻳﺪﻣ

و نﺎﻜـﺷﺰﭘ ياﺮـﺑ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ شزﻮﻣآ دﻮﺒﻧ ،ﻪﻨﻴﻣز ﻦﻳا رد لﺎﻌﻓ يﺎﻫ

ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻴﻫاﻮﮔ ﻦﺘﺷاﺪﻧ ،نارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮔﺪﻴﺳر مﺪﻋ و نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ردﺎﻛ رد ﺖﻳدوﺪﺤﻣ ،نﺎﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟا

و تﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ،نﺎﺑز ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ تﺎﻐﻴﻠﺒﺗ

ﺷﺰﭘ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ مﺎﻈﻧ ناﺪﻘﻓ ﺮﮕﻳد يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا و ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ مﺪﻋ ،ﻲﺿارﺎﻧ ﻲﻜ

نﺎﺑز ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷآ مﺪﻋ ،ﻲﻠﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﺋارا ﺖﻬﺟ

لﺎـﻌﻓ رﻮﻀـﺣ مﺪﻋ ،نﺎﻣرد ﺶﺨﺑ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻲﺟرﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ

ﺖﻛﺮﺷ

ﻪﺋارا و ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﻎﻴﻠﺒﺗ و ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻲﺗﺮﻓﺎﺴﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻲﻓﺎﻛﺎﻧ ﺞﻳوﺮﺗ ،تﺎﻣﺪﺧ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ

ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا عﻼﻃا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ تاﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ ﺖﻧﺮﺘﻨﻳا و ﻲﻧﺎﺳر

ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺮﻳز و تﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣا ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ

نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ دﻮﺟو مﺪﻋ

ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻲﻫﺎﻓر ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ و ﻞﺘﻫ دﻮﺒﻤﻛ ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ناﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ و ﺎﻫ

ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ دﻮﺟو مﺪﻋ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ يﺎﻫدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻞﻤﺣ يﺎﻫ

ﻟا ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ تﻼﻴﻬﺴﺗ دﻮﺒﻧ ،نازرا و دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﻞﻘﻧو ﻲﻜﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜ

نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ رد زوﺮﺑ و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ تاﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ ناﺪﻘﻓ ،ﻲﺟرﺎﺧ نارﺎﻤﻴﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ و ﺎﻫ

يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ مﺪﻋ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ

هار دﻮﺟو مﺪﻋ

ﻪﻜﺒـﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳد دﻮﺒﻤﻛ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد تﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣا دﻮﺒﻤﻛ ،تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ناﺪﻘﻓ ،ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗرا يﺎﻫ ،ﻲﻃﺎـﺒﺗرا يﺎـﻫ

ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ تﺎﻐﻴﻠﺒﺗ

ﻊﺒﻨﻣ : ﻲﻟو ﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﻲﺘﻤﻌﻧ ،نار

1393 : 125 يﺮﻈﻧ تﺎﻴﺑدا زا جﺮﺨﺘﺴﻣ و

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣدرﻮﻣ هدوﺪﺤﻣ

نﻼﻛ رد ﻲﻗﺮﺷ نﺎﺠﻳﺎﺑرذآ نﺎﺘﺳا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ 46

،ﻪﺟرد 25 ﻗد و ﻲﻗﺮﺷ لﻮﻃ ﻪﻘﻴ 38

،ﻪﺟرد 2 ﻗد زا ﻲﻟﺎﻤـﺷ ضﺮﻋ ﻪﻘﻴ

ﻒﺼﻧ

ﻊﻗاو أﺪﺒﻣ رﺎﻬﻨﻟا

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ .

ﺎﻣرد تﺎﻣﺪﺧ و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد نﺎﻣرد ﺖﻧوﺎﻌﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا و رﺎﻣآ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﻬﺷ ،ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﻲﻧ

ياراد ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ 29

ﻲﻣ نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺪﺣاو

نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ يﺎﻨﺑ و ﺖﻴﻜﻟﺎﻣ ﺮﻈﻧزا ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

؛ﺰـﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬـﺷ يﺎﻫ 15

،ﻲـﺘﻟود نﺎﺘـﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ 7

،ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ 2

ﺑ ،ﻲﻣﺎﻈﻧ نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴ 2

ﺖـﻴﻜﻟﺎﻣ رد درﻮﻣ ود ،ﻪﻳﺮﻴﺧ درﻮﻣ ﻚﻳ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﺖﻴﻜﻟﺎﻣ رد نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ

ﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻚﻳ ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ظﺎﺤﻟزا ﺪﻴﻬﺷ دﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﺖﻴﻜﻟﺎﻣ رد نﺎﺘﺳر

هزﻮﺣ ،ﺖـﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 10

،ﻲﻧﺎﺘـﺳا نﺎﺘـﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ 9

نﺎﺘـﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ

ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ و يا 10 ﻪﺑ نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ هزﻮﺣ

ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ رﻮﺸﻛ زا جرﺎﺧ يا

) ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﺪﻤﺣارﻮﭘ 1393

: 6 .(

ﻞﻜﺷ 2 . نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ نﻼﻛ يﺎﻫ

ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ

ﻊﺒﻨﻣ : ،يرﻮﻤﻴﺗ 1394 : 8

(10)

33

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ ﺚﺤﺑ و

ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا لﺪﻣ رد ﻲﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ

نﺎﻤﻫ لوﺪﺟ رد ﻪﻛ رﻮﻃ )

2 (

ﻲﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ،

ﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ زا ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻲﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا لﺪﻣ رد دﻮﺷ

يﻻﺎﺑ 7 / 0 ﻦﻳا و ﺖﺳا نﺎﺸﻧ

هﺪﻨﻫد

ﻨﺘﺴﻫ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻲﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ زا لﺪﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻦﻳا زا نﺎﺸﻧ و ﺪ

هزاﺪﻧا لﺪﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻧورد يراﺪﻳﺎﭘ

رد و ﺖﺳا يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ،ﻲﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ

ﺖـﻴﻤﻫا ،ﺮﺘﺸـﻴﺑ ﻲﻠﻣﺎـﻋ رﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﺪﻧراد يﺮﺗدﺎﻳز .

لوﺪﺟ 2 . ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ مﺪﻋ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ

ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ يراﺬﮔ ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ يوﺮﻴﻧ

ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا نﺎﺑز ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ

ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺮﻳز

فﺮﻌﻣ 1 762

/ 0 680

/ 0 770

/ 0 578

/ 0 758 / 0 881 / 0

فﺮﻌﻣ 2 673

/ 0 786

/ 0 580

/ 0 590

/ 0 756 / 0 918 / 0

فﺮﻌﻣ 3 757

/ 0 844

/ 0 759

/ 0 855

/ 0 760 / 0 919 / 0

فﺮﻌﻣ 4 838

/ 0 616

/ 0 712

/ 0 859

/ 0 761 / 0 803 / 0

فﺮﻌﻣ 5 811

/ 0 602

/ 0 811

/ 0 871

/ 0 646 / 0 809 / 0

فﺮﻌﻣ 6 -

401

/ 0 691

/ 0 -

-

فﺮﻌﻣ 7 -

786 / 0 -

-

ﺐﻛﺮﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ

879 / 0 824

/ 0 890

/ 0 871

/ 0 856 / 0 938 / 0

نﺎﺸﻧ AVE

ﻪـﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻦﻳا اﺮﮕﻤﻫ ﻲﻳاور طﺮﺷ و ﺖﺳا ﻲﻛاﺮﺘﺷا ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ هﺪﻨﻫد

CR>AVE : .

ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻖﺑﺎـﻄﻣ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ

يﺎـﻫ

لوﺪﺟ ) 2 ( و ) 3 ( ﺪﻴﺋﺎﺗ اﺮﮕﻤﻫ ﻲﻳاور ؛ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ نﺎﻴﺑ �