Assessment of Senior Students' and Dentists' Knowledge about Medical Emergencies in Dental Offices, Sari, Iran 2016
Maryam Zamanzadeh1, Azam Haddadi2, Mahmood Moosazadeh3,
Arezoo Karimzadeh4, Anahita Ghorbani5
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
4 Dentist, Sari, Iran
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
(Received August 13, 2017 Accepted October 8, 2017)
Abstract
Background and purpose:Most of medical emergencies occurring in dental offices could be life – threatening. So, a dentist must have appropriate knowledge for recognizing and management of these emergencies. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of dentists and senior dental students on the management of medical emergencies in dental offices.
Materials and methods: This analytic cross-sectional research was carried out in Sari among 114 dentists and senior dental students in 2016. A validated questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was administered. The questionnaire included demographic information and also 17 questions about knowledge (scores 14-17: excellent, 11-14: good, 8-11: moderate, and less than 8: poor). Data was analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests in SPSS V20 and a significance level of 0.05 was considered.
Results: The levels of knowledge of participants were found to be poor in 16.7%, moderate in 69.3%, good in 13.2%, and excellent in 1%. There was no significant differences in levels of knowledge between dentists and dental students (P = 0.430) and also between men and women (P= 0.630).
Conclusion: Insufficient levels of knowledge in dentists and senior dental students in Sari on diagnosis and management of dental emergencies call for interventions such as workshops and training programs.
Keywords: Emergencies, Dentists, Knowledge
J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2017; 27 (154): 173-178 (Persian).
هرود و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ﺎﻤﺷ هر 154 نﺎﺑآ لﺎﺳ 1396 ) 178 - 173 (
ﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻣ ﻴ ناﺰ ﻫﺎﮔآ ﻲ ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻳ
نﺎ ﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﺮﺧآ لﺎﺳ ﻲ
نﺎﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد و
رﺎﺳ ﺮﻬﺷ ي
رﻮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻳ
ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ ﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﺐﻄﻣ رد ﻲ
لﺎﺳ رد
95
ﺮﻣ ﻳ ﻢ هداز نﺎﻣز 1
داﺪﺣ ﻢﻈﻋا
2ي
ﺳﻮﻣ دﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﻲ
3هداز
ﺮﻛ وزرآ ﻳ ﻢ
4هداز
ﻫﺎﻧآ ﻴ ﺎﺘ ﻧﺎﺑﺮﻗ
5ﻲ
هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ :فﺪﻫ و رﻮﻓ ﺮﺜﻛا ﻳ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ ﻜــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﺐﻄﻣ رد ﻪﻛ ﻲ
ــﻣ خر ﻲ
،ﺪــﻫد ــﻣ ﻲ ﺣ ﺪــﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ــﻴ تﺎ هﺮﻃﺎــﺨﻣ ﻪــﺑ ار دﺮــﻓ
اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺪﻧزاﺪﻧا ﻳ
ﻦ ﻳ ﻚ ﺎﺑ ﻚﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻳ
ﺪ ﻫﺎﮔآ ﻲ ﺨﺸﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻴ
ﺺ ﺤﺻ نﺎﻣرد و ﻴ
ﺢ رﻮﻓ ﻳ ﺖ مﺎــﺠﻧا زا فﺪــﻫ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘــﺷاد ار ﺎﻫ
اﻳ ﻦ ﺳرﺮﺑ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲ
ﻫﺎﮔآ ﻲ ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد و نﺎﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻳ
نﺎ ﻣز رد ﺮﺧآ لﺎﺳ ﻴ
ﻪﻨ نﺎﻣرد و ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ رﻮﻓ
ﻳ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻲ .دﻮﺑ
شور و داﻮﻣ :ﺎﻫ
اﻳ ﻦ ﻌﻄﻘﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲ
يور ﺮﺑ 114 ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد و نﺎﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد زا ﺮﻔﻧ ﻳ
نﺎ ﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻲ رﺎــﺳ ﺮﻬــﺷ ﺮﺧآ لﺎﺳ ي
رد
لﺎﺳ 95 ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ و ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ا
ي ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ 20
ﺘﺧا رد لاﻮﺳ ﻴ
رﺎ نآ ا .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺎﻫ ﻳ
ﻦ ﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد تﺎــﻋﻼﻃا ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ــﻴ
ﻚ
و 17 ﮔآ لاﻮﺳ ﻫﺎ ﻲ ﺘﻣا) ﻴ زﺎ 17 - 14 ﻟﺎﻋ : ﻲ
، 14 - 11 ،بﻮﺧ : 11 - 8 ز و ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ : ﻳ
ﺮ 8 ﻌﺿ : ﻴ ﻒ ﻟﺎﻧآ .دﻮﺑ ( ﻴ ﺰ رﺎﻣآ ي ﺻﻮﺗ ﻴ ﻔ ﻲ ﻠﺤﺗ و ﻴ ــﻠ ﻲ
رﺎﻣآ راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ SPSS 20ي
ﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ و ﻲ
راد ي 05 / 0 ﺬﭘ ترﻮﺻ ﻳ ﺖﻓﺮ .
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ :ﺎﻫ ا رد ﻳ ﻦ ﻣ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻴ ناﺰ ﻫﺎﮔآ ﻲ 7 / 16 ﻌــﺿ ﺪــﺣ رد نﺎﮔﺪــﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺪﺻرد ﻴ
،ﻒ 3 / 69 د ﺪــﺻرد ،ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪــﺣ ر
2 / 13 و بﻮﺧ ﺪﺣ رد ﺪﺻرد 1
ﺪﺻرد ﻟﺎﻋ ﻲ رﺎﻣآ توﺎﻔﺗ .دﻮﺑ ي
ــﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ راد ي ــﺑ ﻴ ﻦ ﻫﺎــﮔآ ﺢﻄــﺳ ﻲ
ﻮﺠــﺸﻧاد ﻳ نﺎ نﺎﻜــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد و
) 430 / p =0 ( ﻢﻫ و ﻨﭼ ﻴ ﻦ ﺑﻴ ﻦ ﻢﻧﺎﺧ ﺎﻗآ و ﺎﻫ ﻳ نﺎ ﻳ ﺖﻓﺎ ) ﺪﺸﻧ 630 / 0 (P = .
:جﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳا ﻣﻴ ناﺰ ﻫﺎﮔآ ﻲ ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد و نﺎﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻳ
نﺎ ﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﺮﺧآ لﺎﺳ ﻲ
رﺎــﺳ ي ﻣز رد ﻴ ﻪــﻨ ــﺸﺗ ﺨ ﻴ ﺺ رﻮﻓ نﺎــﻣرد و ــﻳ
ﺖ ﺎــﻫ ي
ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ ﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺪﺣ رد ﺐﻄﻣ رد ﻲ
ﻤﻧ ﻲ ﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻴ ﺪﻨﻣزﺎ ﺮﻃ زا ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ ﻳ
ﻖ راﺰﮔﺮﺑ ي ــﺷزﻮﻣآ هﺎﮔرﺎﻛ ﻲ
ﻪــﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ و ﺎــﻫ ي مواﺪــﻣ شزﻮــﻣآ
ﻣ ﻲ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
:يﺪﻴﻠﻛ يﺎﻫ هژاو رﻮﻓ
ﻳ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ
، ﻫﺎﮔآ ،نﺎﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻲ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
رﻮﻓ زوﺮﺑ ﻳ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ ﻜــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﺐــﻄﻣ رد ﻲ
زا
ﺶﻟﺎﭼ دراﻮﻣ ﮕﻧا
ﻴ ﺰ اﺮــﺑ ي ﺑ و ﻚــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻴ
رﺎــﻤ ــﻣ ﻲ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ
رﻮﻓ ﻳ ﺖ ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ ﺘﻟﺎﺣ ﻲ ﻧﺎﻬﮔﺎﻧ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻲ
ﺑ رد ﻴ رﺎﻤ
اﻳ دﺎﺠ ﮔرد ﺎــﺑ و هﺪﺷ ــﻴ
ﺮ ﺳ ندﺮــﻛ ﻴ ﻢﺘــﺴ ﺎــﻫ ي ﺣ ــﻴ ﺗﺎ ﻲ ﻞــﺜﻣ
ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺳ ،نﻮــﺧ شدﺮــﮔ و ﺐــﻠﻗ ﻴ
ﻢﺘــﺴ ــﺴﻔﻨﺗ ﻲ ﺳ و ﻴ ﻢﺘــﺴ ﺒﺼﻋ
ﻲ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ي
، ﺣ ﻴ تﺎ ﺑﻴ رﺎﻤ ــﻣ هﺮﻃﺎﺨﻣ ﻪﺑ ار ﻲ
دزاﺪــﻧا ) 1 .(
ﺑﻴ ﺶ ﺮﺗ ﻳ ﻦ رﻮﻓ ﻳ ﺖ ﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﺐﻄﻣ رد ﻲ
، ﺷﺎﻧ ﻲ رﺰﺗ زا ــﻳ ﻖ
وراد ي ﺑ ﻲ ﺴﺣ ﻲ ﻌﺿﻮﻣ ﻲ ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺳا رﻮﻃ ﻠﻛ ﻲ زوﺮــﺑ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا
رﻮﻓ ﻳ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ ﻜــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﺐﻄﻣ رد ﻲ
دوﺪــﺣ 08 / 0
ﺎـــﺷ ﻪـــﻛ ﺖـــﺳا ﺪـــﺻرد ﻳ
ﻊ ﺮـــﺗ ﻳ ﻦ نآ ﺎـــﺑ پﻮﻜﻨـــﺳ ﺎـــﻫ
:لﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻒﻟﻮﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺑﺮﻗ ﺎﺘﻴﻫﺎﻧآ
- رﺎﺳ ي ﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد : ﻲ
ﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ،نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻲ
Email:
1 . دﺎﺘﺳا ﻳ
،رﺎ هوﺮﮔ آ ﺳ ﻴ ﺐ ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲ ﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ،ترﻮﺻ و ﻚﻓ ،نﺎﻫد ﻲ
، ﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲ
رﺎﺳ،نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ي
، اﻳ ناﺮ
2 . دﺎﺘﺳا ﻳ
،رﺎ ﺘﻧدوﺪﻧا هوﺮﮔ ﻴ
،ﺲﻜ ﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﻲ
، ﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲ
رﺪﻧزﺎﻣ رﺎﺳ ،نا ي
، اﻳ ناﺮ
3 . دﺎﺘﺳا ﻳ
،رﺎ ﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻴ تﺎﻘ ﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ مﻮﻠﻋ ﻲ
، ﺘﻋا هﺪﻜﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻴ
،دﺎ ﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲ
ا يرﺎﺳ ،نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻳ
ناﺮ
4 . رﺎﺳ ،ﻚﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ي
ا ، ﻳ ناﺮ
5 دﺎﺘﺳا . ﻳ
،رﺎ ﺑ هوﺮﮔ ﻴ رﺎﻤ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ،ترﻮﺻ و ﻚﻓ و نﺎﻫد ﻲ
، ﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲ
رﺎﺳ ،نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ي
، اﻳ ناﺮ
ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ : ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد 22 / 5 / 1396 : تﺎﺣﻼﺻا ﺖﻬﺟ عﺎﺟرا ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ 23
/ 6 / 1396 : ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ 16
/ 7 / 1396
ﺮﻣ ﻳ ﻢ هداز نﺎﻣز نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و
هﺎﺗﻮﻛ شراﺰﮔ
زوﺮﺑ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا 07
/ 0 ﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﻲ ﻘﺑ و ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ــﻴ ﻪ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ دراﻮــﻣ
ﻫ مورﺪﻨــــﺳ ،ﺞﻨــــﺸﺗ ﻴ
ﺘﻧوﺮﭙ ﻴ ــــﺳﻼ ﻴ
،نﻮ ﻫ ﻴ ﻠﮔﻮﭙ ﻴ ﻤــــﺴ ﻲ
،
ﻫ ﻴ ــﺴﻧﺎﺗﻮﭙ ﻴ نﻮ ﻌــﺿو ﻴﺘ ﻲ
، ﺶﻨــﻛاو ﺎــﻫ ي ژﺮﻟآ ــﻳ
،ﻚ ﮋــﻧآ ﻳ ﻦ
رﺪﺻ ي ﻣ ﻢﺳآ ﻪﻠﻤﺣ و ﻲ
ﺑ ــﮕﻤﻫ زوﺮــﺑ لﺎــﻤﺘﺣا ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺷﺎ ﻲ
نآ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد ﺎﻫ 01
/ 0 ﺖﺳا ﺪﺻرد )
2 .(
رد ﻧﻮﻨﻛ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲ
ﺧﺮﺑ ﻲ رﻮﻓ زوﺮﺑ ،ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻳ
ﺖ ﺐــﻄﻣ رد ﺎﻫ
اﺰﻓا ار ﻳ ﺶ ﻣ ﻲ ــﻣ ﻪــﻠﻤﺟ نآ زا ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد ﻲ
اﺰــﻓا ﻪــﺑ ناﻮــﺗ ﻳ
ﺶ
ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ ،داﺮﻓا ﺮﻤﻋ لﻮﻃ ﺎﻫ
ي ﻧﺎــﻣرد ﻲ ﭘﻴ ﻪﺘﻓﺮــﺸ ﭘ و ﻴ ﭽ ــﻴ
،هﺪ
ﻧﻻﻮــﻃ ﻲ ﺑ باﺮﻄــﺿا ،نﺎــﻣرد تﺎــﺴﻠﺟ نﺪــﺷ ﺮــﺗ ﻴ
،نارﺎــﻤ
اﺰـــﻓا ﻳ ﺶ ﻮـــﺠﺗ ﻳ ﺰ ﻬﺟﻮـــﺗ ﻢـــﻛ و ﺎـــﻫوراد ﻲ
ـــﻀﻌﺑ ﻲ زا
دﻮــﻤﻧ هرﺎﺷا نﺎﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد )
5
، 4
، 3 ﻫﺎــﮔآ مﺪــﻋ (.
ﻲ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ
رﻮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻳ
ﺖ نآ ﺖــﺳردﺎﻧ نﺎــﻣرد ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ و هﺪــﺷ ﺎــﻫ
ﺿراﻮﻋ ﻲ ﻈﻧ ﻴ ﺮ ﻣ و گﺮﻣ ﻴ ﺮ اﺰﻓا ار ﻳ ﺶ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻫد ) 7
، 6 .(
هﻮﺤﻧ ا ﺎﺑ ﻚﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد درﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻳ
ﻦ رﻮﻓ ﻳ ﺖ ﮕﻧﻮــﮕﭼ و ﺎــﻫ ﻲ
ﺑ نﺎﻣرد ﻴ نارﺎﻤ ﮕﺘﺴﺑ ﻲ ﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻴ ناﺰ ﻫﺎﮔآ ﻲ
، ــﻤﻠﻋ تﺎــﻋﻼﻃا ﻲ
ﮔدﺎﻣآ و ﻲ نآ دراد ﺎﻫ ) 8 .(
اﺬﻟ ﻤﻫا ﻪــﺑ ﻪــﺟﻮﺗ ﺎــﺑ ــﻴ
ﺖ ﺎﻨــﺷآ ﻲﻳ زا نﺎﻜــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻞــﻣﺎﻛ
رﻮﻓ ﻳ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ ﻢﻫ و ﻨﭼ ﻴ ﻦ ا مﺎﺠﻧا مﺪﻋ ــﻳ
ﻦ رد حﺮــﻃ
رﺎــﺳ ﺮﻬــﺷ ي
، زرا فﺪــﻫ ﺎــﺑ ﺮــﺿﺎﺣ ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ــﻳ
ﺑﺎ ﻲ ﻫﺎــﮔآ ﻲ
ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد و نﺎﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻳ
نﺎ ﻜــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﺮــﺧآ لﺎﺳ ﻲ
ﺮﻬــﺷ
رﺎﺳ ي رﻮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ــﻳ
ﺖ ﺎــﻫ ي ﻜــﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ ﺎــﺷ ﻳ ﻊ لﺎــﺳ رد 95
ﺬﭘ ترﻮﺻ ﻳ
ﺖﻓﺮ .
ﺎﻫ شور و داﻮﻣ
ا رد ــﻳ ﻦ ــﺻﻮﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋــﭘ ﻴ
ﻔ ﻲ - ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ــﻠ ﻲ شور ﻪــﺑ ﻪــﻛ
ﻌﻄﻘﻣ (Cross-sectional) ﻲ و نﺎﻜــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ،ﺪــﺷ مﺎــﺠﻧا
ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻳ نﺎ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﺮﺧآ لﺎﺳ ي
ﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻲ رﺎــﺳ ي رد
لﺎﺳ 95 رﺎﻤﺷﺮﺳ شور ﻪﺑ ي
ﺳرﺮﺑ دراو ﻲ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ .
اﻳ ﻦ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻳ
ﻚ ود ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ
اراد ،ﺶﺨﺑ ي
و ﻳ ﮔﮋ ﻲ ﺎــﻫ ي دﺮــﻓ ي و 20 ــﺣاﺮﻃ ﺶــﺳﺮﭘ ﻲ
زرا ﺖﻬﺟ هﺪﺷ ﻳ
ﺑﺎ ﻲ ﻣﻴ ناﺰ ﻫﺎﮔآ ﻲ رﻮﻓ ﻪــﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ــﻳ
ﺖ ﺎــﻫ ي
ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ ﺎﺷ ﻳ ﻊ ﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ و ﻳ ﻪ ي ﻛﺎﺗ لﻮﺻا ﻴ ﺪ ﻪــﻟﺎﻘﻣ رد هﺪﺷ و ﺎــﻫ
ﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ي ﭘﻴ ﺸ ﻴ ﻦ رﻮﻓ .ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻳ
ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ حﺮــﻄﻣ
ﺒﻠﻗ ﻪﺘﻜﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ هﺪﺷ ﻲ
ﮋﻧآ و ﻳ ﻦ رﺪﺻ ي ﺎﭘﺎﻧ ــﻳ
،راﺪ كﻮــﺷ ﻓﺎﻧآ
ﻴ ﺘﻛﻼ ــﻴ
،ﻚ وزاو پﻮﻜﻨــﺳ مرﺪﻨــﺳ ،ﺞﻨــﺸﺗ ،لﺎــﮔاو
ﻫ ﻴ ﺘﻧوﺮﭙ ﻴ ﺳﻼ ﻴ
،نﻮ ﭙﺳآ ،ﺞﻨــﺸﺗ ،ﻢﺳآ دﺎﺣ تﻼﻤﺣ ﻴ
ــﺳاﺮ ﻴ نﻮ
ﺟرﺎﺧ ﻢﺴﺟ ﻲ
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ... و .
اور (Validity) ﻲــﻳ ﺎﭘ و
ــﻳ ﺎ (reability) ﻲﻳ ا
ــﻳ ﻦ
ﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ًﻼﺒﻗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻲ
ﺎﻔﻟآ و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ي
خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛ
نآ 45 / 84 ﻣا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﺪﺻرد ﻴ
ﺮ ﻗﺎــﻤﺨﭼ ﻲ و 79 ﺪــﺻرد
ﺎﺑﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﻲﻳ
ﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ دﻮﺑ هﺪ ) 10
، 9 .(
ﺷ ﻴ هﻮ ي ﻪــﻧﻮﮔ ﻪــﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ندﺮﻛﺮﭘ ي
رﻮــﻀﺣ ي و
ﻪــﻤﻫ ي ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ــﺑ ﺎــﻫ ﻲ روآدﺮــﮔ زا ﺲــﭘ .دﻮــﺑ مﺎــﻧ ي
ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ هﺮــﻤﻧ ،ﺎــﻫ
ي ﻫﺎــﮔآ ﻲ اﺮــﺑ ي و ﻮﺠــﺸﻧاد ﺮــﻫ
ﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻚﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻳ
ﻪ ي ﺦــﺳﺎﭘ رﺎﻤــﺷ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺎــﻫ
ي ﺖــﺳرد
ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﻦ ا ﻪﺑ ،ﻪﺘﺸﮔ ﻳ ﻦ ﺗﺮﺗ ــﻴ ﺐ اﺮــﺑ ﻪــﻛ ي ﺖــﺳرد ﺦــﺳﺎﭘ ﺮــﻫ
ﻳ ﻚ ﺘﻣا ﻴ زﺎ اﺮﺑ و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ي
ﺖﺳردﺎﻧ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺮﻫ ﻳﺎ
ﺮﻔــﺻ ،هدﺰﻧ
ﺘﻣا ﻴ زﺎ ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﻦ دﺮﮔ ﻳ ﺪ ﺑ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد . ﻴ
ﺶ ﺮﺗ ﻳ ﻦ هﺮﻤﻧ 20 ﺘﻣا ــﻴ زﺎ
ﺘﻣا .دﻮﺑ ﻴ زﺎ 20 - 17 ﻫﺎــﮔآ ﺢﻄﺳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲ
ﻟﺎــﻋ ﻲ
، 14 - 16
ﻫﺎــﮔآ ﺢﻄﺳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲ
،بﻮــﺧ 13 - 9 ﺢﻄــﺳ ناﻮــﻨﻋ ﻪــﺑ
ﻫﺎﮔآ ﻲ ز و ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻳ
ﺮ 8 ﻫﺎــﮔآ ﺢﻄــﺳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲ
ﻌــﺿ ﻴ ﻒ
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ )
9 .(
هداد ــﻫ راﺰــﻓا مﺮــﻧ دراو ﺎ SPSS20
ﻟﺎــﻧآ اﺪــﺘﺑا .ﺪــﺷ ﻴ
ﺰ
هداد نﻮــﻣزآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺎــﻫ
ي رﺎــﻣآ ي ــﺻﻮﺗ ﻴ ﻔ ﻲ ﻈﻧ ــﻴ ﺮ
ﻣﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ
،ﻦ ﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا ﻴ
،رﺎ ﻣﻴ ﻪﻧﺎ ﻧاواﺮﻓ ﺪﺻرد و ﻲ
ﻧا .ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠ
نﻮﻣزآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﻞﺒﻗ ﺎــﻫ
ي رﺎــﻣآ ي ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ــﻠ ﻲ
، ﻌــﺿو ﻴ ﺖ
ﻐﺘﻣ ﻴ ﺎــﻫﺮ رادرﻮــﺧﺮﺑ ﺮــﻈﻧ زا ي
زﻮﺗ زا ــﻳ ﻊ نﻮــﻣزآ ﺎــﺑ لﺎــﻣﺮﻧ
ﺮﮔﻮــﻤﻟﻮﻛ فو
ﻤــﺳا ﻴ فﻮﻧﺮ ــﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮــﻣ ﻲ
ــﻗ .ﺖــﻓﺮﮔ راﺮ
ﻢﻫ ﻨﭼ ﻴ ﻦ نﻮﻣزآ ﺎﻫ ي ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴﻠ ﻲ ﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻲ
رﺎﻣآ ﻂﺑاور ي
.ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ
ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ
ﺻﻮﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﻴ
ﻔ ﻲ - ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴﻠ ﻲ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ 114 ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ
ﻮﺠــﺸﻧاد و نﺎﻜــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻳ
نﺎ هﺪﻜــﺸﻧاد ﺮــﺧآ لﺎــﺳ
ﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻲ رﺎﺳ ي ﻤﻜﺗ ﻴ ﻞ ﺑ زا .ﺪﺷ ﻴ ﻦ ﺖﻛﺮــﺷ نﺎﮔﺪــﻨﻨﻛ
ا رد ﻳ ﻦ داﺪــﻌﺗ ،حﺮــﻃ 25
ﺮــﻔﻧ ) 9 / 21 ﻮﺠــﺸﻧاد (ﺪــﺻرد ي
و ﺮﺧآ لﺎﺳ 89
) ﺮــﻔﻧ 1 / 78 .ﺪــﻧدﻮﺑ ﻚــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد (ﺪــﺻرد
ﻣ ــﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻦ نﺎﻜــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻦــﺳ 74
/
±0 19 / 36 رد و لﺎــﺳ
ﻮﺠـــﺸﻧاد ﻳ نﺎ 64 /
±0 8 / 24 .دﻮـــﺑ لﺎـــﺳ 62
) ﺮـــﻔﻧ 4 / 54
ﺖﻛﺮﺷ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ زا (ﺪﺻرد ا رد نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻳ ﻦ و دﺮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
52 ) ﺮﻔﻧ 6 / 45 .ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ نز (ﺪﺻرد 50
نﺎﻜــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد زا ﺮﻔﻧ
) 9 / 43 اراد (ﺪﺻرد ي
رﺎﻛ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ 9
،ﺮــﺗ ﻢﻛ و لﺎﺳ 28
ﺮــﻔﻧ
) 6 / 24 اراد (ﺪﺻرد ي
رﺎﻛ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ 10
ﺎﺗ 19 و لﺎــﺳ 11 ــﻔﻧ ﺮ
) 6 / 9 اراد (ﺪﺻرد ي
رﺎﻛ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ 20
ﺑ و لﺎﺳ ﻴ ﺶ .ﺪــﻧدﻮﺑ ﺮــﺗ
ﻢــﻫ ــﻨﭼ ﻴ ﻦ 42 ) ﺮــﻔﻧ 2 / 47 رد ﺖﻛﺮــﺷ ﻪﻘﺑﺎــﺳ (ﺪــﺻرد
هﺎﮔرﺎﻛ ﺎﻫ CPR ي ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ار .
رد ،ﺮــﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ 67
ﻣﻮــﻤﻋ ﻚــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻲ
) 7 / 58
،(ﺪﺻرد 22 ) ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻚﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد 3
/ 19 و (ﺪــﺻرد 25
) ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد 22 ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﺖﻛﺮﺷ (ﺪﺻرد ﻴ
ﺐ تاﺮﻤﻧ
69 /
±2 46 / 10
، 33 /
±3 81 / 10 و 82 /
±2 28 / 10 ار
ﺐﺴﻛ ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻛ ﻳا ﻦ رﺎﻣآ ﺮﻈﻧ زا توﺎﻔﺗ ي
ﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ دﻮﺒﻧ راد
) 117 / P-value=0 .(
ﺎﺑ ﺘﻣا ﻦﺘﻓﺮــﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ــﻴ
زﺎ ﻫﺎــﮔآ ﻲ ﺖﻛﺮــﺷ ،نﺎﮔﺪــﻨﻨﻛ
7 / 16 ﺪﺻرد ﻌــﺿ هوﺮــﮔ رد ﻴ
،ﻒ 3 / 69 هوﺮــﮔ رد ﺪــﺻرد
،ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ 2 / 13 و بﻮــﺧ هوﺮــﮔ رد ﺪﺻرد 9
/ 0 رد ﺪــﺻرد
ﻟﺎﻋ هوﺮﮔ ﻲ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ .
رد ﻫﺎﮔآ ﺢﻄﺳ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲ
4 / 83 ﻞﻛ زا ﺪﺻرد
ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻣ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ و ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ رد نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲ
ا ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻳ ﻦ
ﻣ ــﻴ ناﺰ ﺎــﺑﺎﺑ ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﻲﻳ
ﻣا و ــﻴ ﺮ ﻗﺎــﻤﺨﭼ ﻲ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪــﺑ ــﻴ ﺐ 64
و ﺪﺻرد 6 / 85 ﺪــﺻرد ﺖــﺳا هﺪــﺷ شراﺰــﮔ )
10
، 9 ﻪــﺘﺒﻟا.(
ﻣا ﻪـــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ـــﻴ
ﺮ ﻗﺎـــﻤﺨﭼ ﻲ ور ﺮـــﺑ ﺎـــﻬﻨﺗ ي
ـــﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻴ ﻦ
ﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻲ ﻟﺎﺣ رد ،ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﻲ
ﻛ ﻪ رﺎــﻣآ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ي
ﻮﺠــﺸﻧاد ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﺎــﻣ ﻳ
نﺎ ــﻣ نﺎﻜــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد و ﻲ
ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ ) 10 رد.(
ﺑ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻴ ﮓﻧﺮ ﻤﺷﺎﻫ و ﻲ ﻣ ،رﻮﭘ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻦ هﺮــﻤﻧ ي ﻫﺎــﮔآ ﻲ
ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻴ
ﺐ 42 / 5 و 89 / 5 زا 10 شراﺰﮔ هﺮﻤﻧ
ﻫﺎﮔآ و هﺪﺷ ﻲ
ﺑﻴ ﺶ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﺮﺗ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺎــﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ رد )
12
، 11 ﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻫ (.
ﻴ ناﺰ ــﮔآ ﻫﺎ ﻲ
ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ي
ﻫﺎــﺷﻼﻣدﺎﻫﺮﻓ ﻲ
و دﻮــﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎــﺑ 8
/ 96 ﺪــﺻرد
ﻫﺎﮔآ تاﺮﻤﻧ داﺮﻓا ﻲ
؛ﺪــﻧدﻮﻤﻧ ﺐــﺴﻛ ار بﻮﺧ ﺎﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ
ﻟد ﻪﻛ ﻴ ﻞ ﻫﺎﮔآ ندﻮﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻲ
ا رد نﺎﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻳ
ﻦ ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻣ
ﻲ ــﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮــﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ندﻮﺑ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲ
نآ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
) 13 .(
رد ﻣ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻴ
ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻦ ﻫﺎﮔآ هﺮﻤﻧ ﻲ ﻢﻧﺎــﺧ رد ﺎــﻫ
ﻤﻛ ﻲ ﺑﻴ ﺶ ﺎﻗآ زا ﺮﺗ ﻳ نﺎ ا ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﻳ
ﻦ ﺋﺰﺟ فﻼﺘﺧا ﻲ
،
رﺎﻣآ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ي
ا زا ﻪﻛ دﻮﺒﻧ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻳ
ﻦ ﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻳ ﺮ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻢﻫ ﻧاﻮﺧ ﻲ نآ رد ﻪﻛ دراد ﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﻴ ﺰ رﺎــﻣآ توﺎﻔﺗ ي
رادﺎــﻨﻌﻣ ي
ﺑﻴ ﻦ ﻫﺎﮔآ ﻲ ﺎﻗآ ﻳ نﺎ ﻢﻧﺎﺧ و ﻻﺎــﻤﺘﺣا ﻪــﻛ ﺪــﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣ ﺎــﻫ
ﺷﺎﻧ ﻲ زا ﻳ نﺎﺴﻜ نآ شزﻮــﻣآ هﻮﺤﻧ ندﻮﺑ ــﻃ رد ﺎــﻫ
ﻲ هرود
ﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻲ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) 14
، 11
، 9 .(
رد ﻣ ،ﺎــﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ــﻴ
ناﺰ ﻫﺎــﮔآ ﻲ ﺖﻛﺮــﺷ ﺮــﺑ نﺎﮔﺪــﻨﻨﻛ
اﺰﻓا ﻳ ﺶ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ،رﺎﻛ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻳ
ﻪــﺘﻓﺎ ا ﻪــﻛ ﺪــﻨﭼﺮﻫ .ﺖــﺳا ــﻳ
ﻦ
ﺎﻣآ ﺮﻈﻧ زا فﻼﺘﺧا ر
ي ﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ ﻤﻧ راد ﻲ ﻪــﺑ .ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ رﻮــﻃ ي ﻪــﻛ
ﻣﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻦ ﻫﺎﮔآ هﺮﻤﻧ ﻲ رﺎﻛ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا ي
9 ﻢﻛ و لﺎﺳ ،ﺮﺗ
ــﺑ ﻴ ﻦ 10 - 19 ﻻﺎــﺑ و لﺎــﺳ ي
20 ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪــﺑ لﺎــﺳ ــﻴ
ﺐ 92 / 10 ،
75 / 10 و 36 / 10 راﺰﮔ ش ﻤﺷﺎﻫ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد .ﺪﺷ ﻲ
ﻧ رﻮــﭘ ــﻴ ﺰ
ﻣ ــﻴ ناﺰ ﻫﺎــﮔآ ﻲ اﺰــﻓا ﺎــﺑ نﺎﻜــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻳ
ﺶ رﺎــﻛ ﻪﻘﺑﺎــﺳ ي
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ) 12 ﻣا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد و( ﻴ
ﺮ ﻗﺎﻤﺨﭼ ﻲ نﺎﻜــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد
رﺎــﻛ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ي
20 - 11 ﻫﺎــﮔآ ﺢﻄــﺳ زا لﺎــﺳ ﻲ
ﻢــﻛ ﺮــﺗ ي
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ )
10 ﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﻛ( ﻲ
ا نآ ﻳ ﻦ ﻪــﻛ ﺖــﺳا
ــﺑ رﺎــﻛ ﻪﻘﺑﺎــﺳ ﺎــﺑ داﺮــﻓا ﻴ
ﺶ ــﺤﻣ زا ،ﺮــﺗ ﻴ
ﻂ ﻛآ ﻣدﺎ ــﻴ ﻚ و
ــﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻲ نآ تﺎــﻋﻼﻃا و ﻪــﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﻠــﺻﺎﻓ ﻣز رد ﺎــﻫ
ﻴ ﻪــﻨ
رﻮﻓ ﻳ ﺖ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺸﻧ زور ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ .
رد تﺎـــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺪـــﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﺮـــﺿﺎﺣ ﻪـــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ـــﺗوﺮﻣ
ﻲ و
ﻫﺎـــﺷﻼﻣدﺎﻫﺮﻓ ﻲ
ـــﺑ ﻴ ﻦ ﻫﺎـــﮔآ ﻲ رد نﺎـــﺷرﻮﻀﺣ و داﺮـــﻓا
هﺎﮔرﺎﻛ ﺎﻫ CPR ي رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ي
ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ )
14
، 13 ،(
ﺎﺑﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﺪﻨﭼﺮﻫ ﻲﻳ
، ﻣﻴ ناﺰ ﻫﺎﮔآ ﻲ ﻧﺎﻜــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد رد ﻲ
هﺎــﮔرﺎﻛ ﻪــﻛ ﺎــﻫ
ي هدﺮــﻛ ﺖﻛﺮــﺷ رﻮﻛﺬــﻣ ﻪــﺑ ،ﺪــﻧا
رﻮــﻃ
رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ي ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ )
9 ﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻪﻛ( ﻳ
ــﻜ ﻲ ﻻد زا ــﻳ ﻞ
ﻨﻌﻣ ﻲ ﻧ راد ﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ ندﻮﺑ ﻢﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد نآ نﺪﺸ
ﻣ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻲ ﻊﻣﺎــﺟ ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﮔا .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮــﺗ
ي ﺬــﭘ ترﻮــﺻ ﻳ
،دﺮ
ﻣ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻲ دﺮﻛ ﺮﻈﻧ رﺎﻬﻇا نآ درﻮﻣ رد ناﻮﺗ .
ﺎــﺑ ﺎــﺘﻧ ﻪــﺑ ﻪــﺟﻮﺗ ﻳ
ﺞ ﻣ ،ﺮــﺿﺎﺣ ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ــﻴ
ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻦ ﺢﻄــﺳ
ﻫﺎــﮔآ ﻲ ﻮﺠــﺸﻧاد و نﺎﻜــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻳ
نﺎ ﻜــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻲ
ﺮﻬــﺷ
رﺎﺳ ي رﻮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻳ
ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﻜــﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ ﻄــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺢﻄــﺳ رد ﻲ
ﺮﻣ ﻳ ﻢ هداز نﺎﻣز نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و
هﺎﺗﻮﻛ شراﺰﮔ
ﻧ و هدﻮﺑ ﻴ ﺪﻨﻣزﺎ ﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ ي ﻣ ﻲ ا رد ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻳ ﻦ راﺰــﮔﺮﺑ ﺎﺘﺳار ي
هﺎــﮔرﺎﻛ ﺎــﻫ ي ــﻠﻤﻋ ﻲ
، ﻢــﻫ ــﻨﭼ ﻴ ﻦ ﻬﺗ ــﻴ ﻪ ي و ﺎﻫرﻮــﺷوﺮﺑ
ﺎﻫﺮﺘﺳﻮﭘ ي ﺷزﻮﻣآ ﻲ ﭘﻴ دﺎﻬﻨﺸ ﻣ ﻲ دﺮﮔ د .
يراﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ
و نﺎﻜــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد ﻲﻣﺎــﻤﺗ يرﺎــﻜﻤﻫ زا ﻪﻠﻴــﺳو ﻦﻳﺪــﺑ ار ﺎــﻣ ،تﻻاﻮــﺳ ﻪــﺑ ﻲﻳﻮﮕﺨــﺳﺎﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ يﺰﻳﺰﻋ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﺎﻳ حﺮﻃ ﻦﻳا مﺎﺠﻧا رد
ﻧﺎﺳر ير يراﺰﮕــﺳﺎﭙﺳ ﻪﻧﺎﻤﻴﻤــﺻ ﺪﻧﺪ
ﻲــﻣ .ددﺮــﮔ نﺎــﻳﺎﭘ ﺞﻳﺎــﺘﻧ زا ﻪــﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا ياﺮــﺘﻛد هرود ﻪــﻣﺎﻧ
هرﺎﻤﺷ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ 1
/ 13941 ﻲﻜــﺷﺰﭙﻧاﺪﻧد هﺪﻜــﺸﻧاد بﻮﺼﻣ
ﻲﻜــﺷﺰﭘ مﻮــﻠﻋ هﺎﮕــﺸﻧاد يروﺎــﻨﻓ و تﺎــﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺖﻧوﺎﻌﻣ و ﻜﻤﻫ زا ﻪﻠﻴﺳو ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﻪﻛ هدﻮﺑ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻞــﻣاﻮﻋ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ يرﺎ
ﻲﻣ ﺮﻜﺸﺗ و ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ .ددﺮﮔ
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