: *
! "#$
% &
.
() "#* + ,- :
! " #$ % & ' ( ) * + ,
- )
invitro
! ". /% !
$ 0 12
& $.%( ! 3 456 ! 7 8
1
* 2 2
1 - ! " # $ %& '% ( )
.
2 - # $ %& '% ! ) , ! " - . / 01 ! '
.
! / #
$ % / #
2 / '( ) 96
/ ,' ' 72
: 14 / 1 / 96 :
27 / 2 / 96
:
! "
# $% &
' &
( )
$% &
#
* + ,-*.
/
*
!0 . 2 3 '
"
45 $670
"
8& 76 769 2 7 '
: $0 ) &
# 0 &
;
<
= '"
# 2 '
> &
!0 .
&
+
? 0 '
# 2 ' +
@ 2
>
A 70
# , 7B C 7; 7 > 7&
"
+ 3D
3 = &
3 6) ( ) A" * 3
! E) '
> E$0
% . FG H &
I ' F=
, B J ;
? 0 (K L + 2
>
A 0 M N .
"
O"
' :
FG H
& N=
2
>
A 0 +
% = ,
@ + " .%
# 3 $0 /;
8 @
"D
# .
?P0
? 0
"
> Q) 2
# . 7H;
G '
#
"
(; L
!R 9
> 66%
+
"
(; L
!R 9 2 6.%
) MIC (MFC 140
@
% 3 + + ?6* WGD 7F@
> 766%
X7 6 % 7&
3 +
! 2 ; FG H .
$ ' :
Y 3Z E X[ O" M ) G ' ? 0
> Q) "
#" 7& 7 & (Q A 0 G = 7 @
7' 47 = = 7&
7& 7& &
mm
5 / 2 71± / 19 "
9mm / 1 19± / 16 4 = = & 3 $[ + "
& &
&
7mm / 3 16± / 21 "
2mm / 2 32± / 18 &
.
N $
# 2 :
<W5 c $ FG H
? 0
> 2
&
?6* WGD % C ;
2 66% B .
>Z "
# '
# %
:
A 0
?6* WGD %
> Q) ? 0 J ; ! K ! 6 Z "
.
2 '%3$ & 4 ! %) 5 6 7 8 &
9
! :
&
%
; ...
% 6 ';9
/
5196
<1 9 =,; > %= -,= ?) -5 ) 5
-& 3
<1 9 , &
-, = =$
%@ -9 5 A B
C=% %";= 5 ( C=D
;%& &
! &
.
! / &
E A = =9
1979 H 2000
' &
= <1 =9 5 = 207
-, ( CD J )
1 .(
;M =
3$
% 2 =' )
Candida Albicans
( =0D
& $ D - & N%3E
;%& O1 & 7 -
-=&
= 1 =;M P=
=J D Q=0E =D
== -==& == ,3 R==%3 N,==
S ==T ) ==
, P%H %&
9 %. - D U% V;9 W%X$ Y%
Z1
!
<1 =
. =%;9 =;%&
=9
N, D <1 & ! 1 ;M U [ & ;%& -&
0J \@ -
2 ]
)
Candidiasis
( )
2 .(
=& ! 1
U - ) 9 -&
1 R 1 U% ]5
<1 =9
! , & ;%& @ , ;%&
9
^ X ! =
==% _ == Q==:
40 ,== & ==;%& ==J
, ;%&
9 = ! ' )
3 .(
2 ='%3$ =
M ^ X N%3E 0D bC:
! ", 9 ! < E
# c ) .
!C% =0 E M ^ X d U
, %& U & &
<1 9 -% U
) 5 4 .(
f 9 CD
( C=D d U
g =1 ( C=D A =3 -& A , 9 D T U ,= %& ! = =H = ! Q: 9 8 3 : =& = =9 %) = N%3E - . & 0 1 -& -: H = S =XN W=%<@ 3 : g 1 )
8 - 6 .(
<,=
!
& 9 %)
;%&
9 =9 -f& = .
%;% D T 9 ;%j1 (M& -' & !
- ! ! U%;MH , 9
P / = -=%0
! D 9 k
l M,= 2. 9 %)
R' %%mH ! %) -,D
) 9 (.
'
R=0 , QE - 9 %)
= n =@ -,= -= S =T -f& = W0,M
! o & %"; 5 / = =& 4 = ! =%)
;01
Ruta graveolens L
. ! =%) U= c
- ! & -&
-&
1
»
;: ! Y%
&%
; 9
«
! & / !
) 10 .(
H 2 $ b ) -=fX =& -$ = = 5 ! =%) P
9 = %= & . - , ==: U==. # == 9 U%==5 -==0;: %==
.
==H
2 $ ==b ) -==
9 ==%)
== ,== & ==
! = -,@
9 = !r= -=& =6 A =
7 '= = 7s ,@ > & % ; 5 ! <, %H %H
) 11 12 .(
& -b ) - N 9 %) ' 4 ! <, U% : tf )
13 .(
Q=% H ! %) U
9 %) &
R"
9
= . ]5 )
! <, C%
) 14 .(
9 U%= 5 ! = =8 s =&
/ U=H C=0 )
15 .(
! <,=
-=&
= 1 P=
! ( = -,= & =@ u =, C=% N%3E )
16 .(
U= ! = l M,= U%$ =) U% H , U,. ) &
! %) A B =& ] 7 8 -,= $ 0= %= fH
! ) 17 (.
(%==& R == ! ==%) U== ! ==T1 120
Q==% H
! ) 9 9 =%b $ '$ = =N%3E 7s Tv W0,M
Acridone
U =9 U=w
=6 =9
9 %=
== %b D 9 ==%b D
==
== &
) 18 ( . -== )
==9
R.graveolens
;%== == ==j == 7 ==3% H
,== 9 ==
W==%E 7 ==3% H U== -==
! ,== )
%$ ND 9 ' # $ %&
9 =] =NH
! <, ' C. 6 A =
= . ! =T1 =9
0'$
R.graveolens
E @ -&
> = %H <%$ . 6 8
W0,M A 0 9 E ! = ( = -=& ! = -=
8 P ; E ! f$ &
) 24 - 19 (.
=8 U%=%NH -=N$ X U= / S 9 5 = =6
! T1 2 =0'$
= =& 4 = _ =& - =
& 2 '%3$
c =9 =f U%=%NH # =%< P=
== ! == ==N ; ==j0w R ==
) (MIC
R ==
j0w )
) (MFC
&
.
O" "
'
2.
- ;
%) # -0%= -&
= R ,= x
NH 140 =& ! = R=f, ! "= -& : - ;
,= & t%v =)
) (SDA
=& -=
& ! ! ! - @ R;N$ , -& -: H ! . =9 = 2.
! = -=%]H /s -= ;
- ; 9
= ,= A =: y3E
! ! &
. - ; 9 = -=$ $ H & 2z
=) R=% t%v % % &
= =) / t%v 0 { &
= &
== {==
45 -==:
, ==
==)
&
4?==: ==
$ 9 H 9 0 C)
) C) D ) ( - ; 9
2 '%3$
& t%v & ! ,=
) .
-N$ X U /
9 ! =%) 9 )
_ =& - =
R) (
= ! <, .
9 "= =]: 9 =%) -= ;
, ]& , A TD
Y;:
2. !
Y;:
P @ - ! %)
-0%= -&
2 = -=%]H & ! ; R 3H . -& & 4 % ! <, ! T1 .
=& =%XfH c 2 = -%]H &
= ! <, 0 ! ", .
=,&
100 / =) =.
4 ! %) P @
U$ &
2000ml
-=,M ! ",
= -=& Xf 4 & ! ;9 j . 2z 1200
=
= . A =TH 2=.
;=
=9 W=0,M ! ",
,%9 & U$ & ; .
=N&
?) 4 - 3 & ! ", l ; 2 1
U =& U= -= ! Y;: ; : 4 = = w 2 = -= 01 Hs =&
= 4
%) . { C3 2 ! ", 4 l @ N&
: . ! = -=%]H 2 = -= %
=9 P= H
-, &
! <, H A VM
; ]"
.
= ! <,= = %@ c %) ! T1 c U 100
S =| R=@ ! %) . / ) -= %
-& -,M ! %H 500
0%
,%$
A H 96 ! CD -:
. N&
72 =31 =& S =| 7 = ,v 1 =
= ) : U;H D J ?w .
S?= ! ",= P=; =&
A } =@
) =H ( ! =T1 ! =; S?= A =H
7 = -=& = P= @ & ! ~%0mH 24
1 =
50 -:
, ) 2=. =D ) P= @
R ! <, H D
C .
N$ X / ]:
- 6
= , c
2 =='%3$
)
10231 Candida albicans ATCC
( -==
(9 r.
9 ,N J ;01 =& ! -%]H
! <, ,= & = t%=v =& 2z )
! )
30 -:
, ) 7 = -&
-& ' .
> E$0 & A 0 > 2 J ; ! K F=
X[ .$ O" + )
Disk Diffusion
(
=& 4 = ! %) & '% 6 8 & ]:
=;M
==
3$
% 2 ==' c
NCCLS
& == t%==v
=; ! <, ) , .
= 3$
% 2 =' 48
! ( > R3 1
2 0
2z= ! CD R , # $ C%D / -&
3 - 2 = 0
-&
7 = ! C=D R ,= # =$ C%D / = A N
% z ) %j H $ D P %
& j x
& = t%v R , =) ,=
2 '%3$ & 4 ! %) 5 6 7 8 &
9
! :
&
%
; ...
% 6 ';9
/
5396
2z ! P
9 6 0%
, = 20
A = -= - ) : E -& 2 ! T1 ,%$ '%
= <$ R%, • ,= ! = R=
10 % -=%]H
==; ! <,== == ) .
P==
==9
==, P==%H %&
U%H ,== % R==%, == P== A == 0D
<$
-&
1 = ! <,= < 3• A , .
%0. 2z 7 = -=& 9
48 = 1 = 37
-=:
, ) / 1 -$ 9 X ?) ) Q= =&
0%
,
!
%) .
F=
"MIC
MFC
U%==%NH ==j -==&
)MIC Minimum Inhibitory
Concentration
( 4 ===== ! =====%) 2 =====
c
! <, U 0 '%
. ! <,= =& c U
%0. ,%H '%
96 - @ j0w 9 2 W0,M
d R& f d =
=9 2 = R=& f
D ) &
. =,& -= 7 =J U= -&
96
= f -& %0. '% - @ 95
t%=v =,%$ '%
&
%,M ‚ & , .
-=& A -=$ $ -&
=f
ml
100 & 2 j0w 10 % 2z= ! = -D 6 100µl
2 ! ; -D 6 / -$ $ -& -, & A -$ $ -=& = [ =0M N& / -$ $ 5
% %=
. U= -=&
2 = = -= -%]H , @ -$ $ H Q%H H R3 -$ $ WT -$ $ 9
&
. = =@ P9 5 195
‚ ==& == H ==,%$ '%
5 %== z ==,%$ '%
& ( Q% H D $ & '%
. P9 5 U
-&
1
%,D ) j < A , .
! ; P9 5 11
t%v , &
‚ &
2 -&
1 %,D =) j 3• A , .
2z=
/ ;H -&
P9 5 =9 P=9 5 =%w -=&
! ;=
12 5µl
z
%
& '%
Cfu/ml
108
× 5 / 1 f0H
%
… 2=.
-& 9 ,%H '% 4 -, &
7 = 48 - 24 1 =
0C
30 -& ' .
7 ! "
P=9 5 =9 -=&
=] d = = / =1 ! @ ; 5 7 J =D ) = = &
. U%=%NH Q= N, =]: MIC
2 == ) == ==j0w R == U%==%NH ==
MFC
)
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration
( P9 5 =9
& ! ] ] - 7 D P=9 5
=9
t%v & R , x $ P; -& 7 &
,
! )
0C
30 7 = -=&
48 -
24
; -& ' 1 .
-= 2 = =,j0w U ,;
; ! = 5 †%9 ! =
-=&
= 1 =j MFC
-,D ) .
-N$ X U
%8kH
( = 2
- ; 9 , - ; %$ &
- ='H -=3H
. U%%NH &
MIC
c U%=;9 -& C% ! T1MFC
2 = : -& $ R;1 10
% $ =H ! =T1
10 % -0% -& ! y%
10DMSO
%
; ! <,
.
$ '
-N$ X U u , 9
S =v U%" % -
# =%< P= c = / =1 -=$ 9 =X %N ==& ==]& R==TD 4 == $ ==H ! ==T1 2 ==
-== ;
==9 Q==%H H -==& %$ ==&
==& &
==&
5 / 2 71± / 19
9 / 1 19± / 16 0%
, Q=%H H -& , - ; &
& &
23 19 0%
, &
U= ,= R=TD
u ==, 2 == ==&
! ==T1 ==& ==& &
7 / 3 16± / 21
2 / 2 32± / 18
% 0 , = -&
= . S =v U%" =%
= = / =1 -=$ 9 X %N %8k=H
A = 0D
& U%H , % -= ;
=9 =&
%$
=& =& & Q=%H H -=&
4 / 7 74± / 39 0%
, 2 / 3 39± / 28 0%
, = -=&
. / 1 -$ 9 X U%" %
%8kH
A 0D
, %
%H & & & Q%H H -& , - ; & U 41
36 0%
, &
.
RJ u , 4 = $ =H ! T1 2 MIC
]& RTD &
-= : =9 2 ='%3$ =
-=&
Q%H H C% -&
µg/ml
103
× 19 / 2 µg/ml
104 × 88 / 1
> !WB M ) G ' H; Y
$ N Bd=
% & 0 & # '"
WGD
?6*
) 3 $[ + (Q (.
> !WB M ) G ' H; Y
$ N Bd=
% & 0 & # '"
WGD
?6*
) (Q
&
(.
R=TD =]& RTD 2 MFC
! & , - , %&
. =f
MIC
, %& ]& RTD ! T1
, -
,; , RTD ! & , -
.
F I " Y + MIC
Bd=
" > Q)
#" & ? 0
@ '
?6* WGD % #
) µg/ml (.
2
! T1
27 / 3 103± × 19 / 2 104
× 63 / 0 104± × 88 / 1
× 78 / 0 103± × 03 / 2 104
× 59 / 0 104± × 07 / 2
64 / 0 038
/ 0
RJ u , 4 = $ =H ! T1 2 MFC
&
-= : =9 2 ='%3$ =
-=&
µg/ml
103
× 78 / 3 µg/ml
104 × 03 / 3
µg/ml
103 × 79 / 3 µg/ml
104 × 92 / 3
) == ==8 ,== R==TD ==&
-== ;
=& =& & = C% -& RTD 9 2 , ]& RTD ! T1
µg/ml
25000 ! T1
2
! T1 U%H , %
A 0D
C==% -==& ,== -== ; ==&
µg/ml
5 / 1312
) ] 8
= = &
u =,
=& , RTD 4 $ H ! T1 2 2 ='%3$
Q=%H H -=&
C=% -=&
104µ
× 07 / 2 -=== ; ==&
µg/ml
5 / 1312 µg/ml
25000
&
. 4 = ! =%) -N$ X U !
&
9 -$ 9 X -
% -
%8kH = & A 0D
! = %$ H -$ 9 X , %& A TD / ;H 2 '%3$
= / =1 -=$ 9 =X U%& U
-=$ 9 =X =,) C& A TD / ;H 2 ! %$ H ! & ! T1 / 1 .
! T1 -& 3 2 MIC
U ! & ,; ]& , RTD 7 <H
9 -=&
) 01 / 0
P<
( U%= V;9 =
=]& A TD 2 ,=
P<
.(
= u =, U= U% V;9 =& ! 38 R=TD ! =T1
! & ]& RTD , %& , )
05 / 0
P<
.(
=9 =f -=
2 = MFC
! ==& == ' ,== ==]& A ==TD ==
) 05 / 0
P<
.(
=9 =f -=
=38MFC
! =& 7 <, , ]& A TD ! T1 & ! ! & ,;
) 05 / 0
P<
.(
R=TD 2 '0;1 / 1 -$ 9 X ‡ v$ -&
=,; ,= R=TD , - &
,= - = =& 2 = ='0;1 / 1 -$ 9 X ! & 2 '%3$
.
! T1 / 1 -$ 9 X
= - = =,; ,= =]& RTD ,
=
1 . > !WB M ) G ' H; Y
% & 0 & # '"
2 . > !WB M ) G ' H; Y
% & 0 & # '"
f
MIC
, ! & , - , %&
, %& ]& RTD ! T1MFC
,; , RTD
e" @ 1 . F I " Y
#" & ? 0 RTD
]&
103
× 27
, 103
×
P-value
RJ u , ]& RTD &
Q%H H C% -&
g/ml
C==% -==&
g/ml
) == ==8 ,== R==TD =& =& & = C% -& RTD 9 2 ,
µg/ml
2625 ]& RTD ! T1
0 10 20 30 40
M) G'H;Y
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50
2
C==% -==& ,== -== ; ==&
µg/ml
12500
) ] 8
=& , RTD 4 $ H ! T1 2 MIC
- : 9 =
2 ='%3$
µg/ml
103
× 03 / 2 µg/ml
C==% -==& ,==
g/ml
) ] 8
u , y3E -&
4 = ! =%) -N$ X U !
5 6 8
&
! %$ H / 1 ,
%
! = %$ H -$ 9 X , %& A TD / ;H 2 '%3$
! & 9 .
= / =1 -=$ 9 =X U%& U
-=$ 9 =X =,) C& A TD / ;H 2 ! %$ H ! & ! T1 / 1
A : y3E 1
f
MIC
U ! & ,; ]& , RTD ‡ v$
N
9 f - =]& A TD 2 MIC
! & ' )
05 / 0
P<
9 f - =& ! 38MIC
! & ]& RTD , %& , A : 2 =9
! ==& == ' ,== ==]& A ==TD u , U U% V;9 ! =& 7 <, , ]& A TD ! T1 & !
]& RTD ! & ,;
R=TD 2 '0;1 / 1 -$ 9 X ‡ v$ -&
]&
& &
=,; ,= R=TD , - &
,= - = =& 2 = ='0;1 / 1 -$ 9 X ! & 2 '%3$
= - = =,; ,= =]& RTD 2 '%3$
! &
.
2 '%3$ & 4 ! %) 5 6 7 8 &
9
! :
&
%
; ...
% 6 ';9
/
5596
C==% -==& ,== R==TD µg/ml
50000 ==8
) &
.
e" @ 2 . I " Y F
f $g e Q MFC
$ N
Bd=
?6* WGD % #" & ? 0 " > Q) )
µg/ml (.
RTD 2
! T1
]&
103
× 32 / 3 103± × 78 / 3 104
× 29 / 1 104± × 03 / 3
, 103
× 45 / 1 103± × 79 / 3 104
× 24 / 1 104± × 92 / 3
P-value 96
/ 0 00
/ 0
" h &
$ N 2
#
<1 9 =,; > %= -,= ?) -5 ) 5
-& 3
<1 9 , &
-, = =$
%@ -9 5 A B
C=% %";= 5 ( C=D
&
&%
;
! &
.
) , )
;%&
9 5 = =J D Q=0E =D
N, P ( CD CD
f 9
-= % =%;9 Q=: =" =D E } 7 8 = ! 9 %) 5 6 8 &
) 26 25 .(
! =%)
-&
1 =& w Q=E = = Rf, QE P
H
;%&
9 5 = & ! P;
) 27 .(
W0,M 7 N$ X H n @
5 6 4 =
==
== &
== -==,D ) ==
) 29 28 .(
==8 7 ==6
, &
! =%) 4 = =&
-=%01 ˆ =b • 0%D ,=
• 0%D , 2%0%,& ˆ 0% & 2 % %.
C=%
W==0,M 7 ==N$ X
== ! ==
== ! ) 30 .(
U==
5 6 7 8 C% -N$ X /
9 4 = ! =%) 9 =]& , RTD E 2 '%3$ d &
=& U%= V;9 =9 & RTD 7 8 ! &
8 , P%H %&
- f d 6 .
-N$ X A
2008 !
2 -
& 4 2 ='%3$
=j0w 4 % =&
j0w b 2
%
%8kH
) = ]
&
) 31 .(
= -=N$ X = C=% ! %) U , & 6 7 8 -=N$ X P= -0;: -,D ) %8k=H
! =T1 =9
$ %9
' & 4 _ & 0 = = %: b ˆ
== ! == ! )
32 .(
-==N$ X
=="
==%
C
%8k==H
! T1 9 & 4 _ &
, =&
=9 -=0;: W=0,M
! ˆ b ˆ 0%D ,
) 33 34 .(
\M= -=N$ X U ! -& u , -& -: H &
$ H ! T1 2 - /
9 9 4 = ! %)
2 ='%3$ = d = = =& ) & 8 -= ‰
: R%$ -& U';
5 6 ?= ! =%)
&
. " 2 8 &
! T1 9 ! %) U = &
- ) 9
d 9 "
] 7 =8 = &
A
9 -%J H %
.
; " *.=
-0% &
0%@ ;v , 4 : -&
1
==; 9 ,==
U%== V;9 4 == :
==
==] ==,
-, @
' H A ; /
.
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Effects of antifungal Rue on the candida albicans isolated from patients with vaginitis on in vitro during spring and winter seasons and comparison with
two antibiotics
Mirrezaee N1, Dakhili M²*, Mehrpour Sh2
1. MSc Student of Biology Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Iran.
2. Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic SciencesIslamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Iran, [email protected]
Received: 3 April 2017 Accepted: 17 May 2017
Abstract
Background : Fungi resistance to antifungal agents is one of the most common problems in medicine. Herbal remedies increased use in the traditional medicine an interesting and unexplored source of assessing new drug. Some plant essential oils, including Rue (Rue officinalis L) have anti– fungaleffects and they can be used as antimicrobial agents in treatment of infections. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the compounds of essential oil and the anti – microbial properties of its essential oil.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, Ruta graveolens of Agriculture Research Center in Qom were collected . The essential oils were extracted, the inhibitory zone diameter and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MIC, MFC), 140 candida isolates from patients referred to the clinic in women.
Results: The mean inhibition in the disk diffusion method essential oils and ethanol extract in the spring on the isolates, 19.71± 2.50 mm and 16.19 ± 1.9 mm were respectively, and in the winter 21.16 ±3.7mm and 18.32± 2.2 mm, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of this study, Rue essential oil and extract on candida albicans inhibitory effect .
Keywords: Rue, Candida, Vaginitis, Anti-fungal, Essential oils, Extracts.
*Citation: Mirrezaee N, Dakhili M, Mehrpour Sh.Effects of antifungal Rue on the candida albicans isolated from patients with vaginitis on in vitro during spring and winter seasons and comparison with two antibiotics. Yafte. 2017; 19(2):50-59.
