The Effect of Endurance Training on the Intracellular Content of Proteins Related to the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway in the Left Ventricle of Type-2 Diabetic Rats

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The Effect of Endurance Training on the Intracellular Content of Proteins Related to the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway in the Left Ventricle of Type-2

Diabetic Rats

Abdol Nasser Seidi¹ , Neda Aghaei Bahmanbeglou²^ , Habib Asgharpour³ , Mozhgan

Ahmadi⁴

1. Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Golestan, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]

2. Corresponding Author, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Golestan, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]

3. Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Golestan, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]

4. Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahr-e-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article type:

Research

Article history:

Received:

4 July 2022 Received in revised form:

11 February 2023 Accepted:

1 March 2023 Published online:

25 April 2023

Keywords:

Endurance training, Left ventricle,

Muscle atrophy F-Box protein, Muscle Ring-Finger protein-1, Type-2 diabetes.

Introduction: The Ubiquitin pathway is responsible for muscle atrophy; the Atrogin-1 or muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) and the muscle Ring-Finger protein-1 (MuRF1) are the important factors in this pathway. This study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training on the intracellular content of proteins related to the Ubiquitin-Proteasome pathway in the left ventricular tissue of rats with type-2 diabetes.

Methods: In this experimental study, 18 three-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with a mean weight of 270±20 grams were selected. Type-2 diabetes was induced in 12 rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and nicotinamide solutions. These rats were randomly divided into two diabetic training and diabetic control groups. A healthy control group (six rats in each group) was also considered. The training group did endurance training four days a week according to the training program for eight weeks. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests via SPSS software version 23.

Results: MAFbx protein content showed a significant change after eight weeks of endurance training (P=0.0001); Tukey's post hoc test showed that this significant change was between pairs of the diabetic training compared with diabetic control (decrease) groups (P=0.0001) and diabetic training compared with the healthy control (increase) groups (P=0.004). MuRF1 protein content showed a significant decrease (P=0.0001); This reduction was significant between pairs of diabetic training compared with diabetic control groups (P=0.0001).

Conclusion: Endurance training can prevent atrophy and lead to proper left ventricular function by reducing the content of MAFbx and MuRF1 proteins in the heart of diabetic rats.

Cite this article: Seidi A.N., Aghaei N.B., Asgharpour H., & Ahmadi M. The Effect of Endurance Training on the Intracellular Content of Proteins Related to the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway in the Left Ventricle of Type-2 Diabetic Rats.

Journal of Sport Biosciences. 2023; 15 (1):21-35.

DOI: http//doi.org/10.22059/JSB.2023.345403.1544

Journal of Sport Biosciences by University of Tehran Press is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0.

Web site: https://jsb.ut.ac.ir/ | Email: [email protected].

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ExtendedAbstract

Introduction

Type-2 diabetic patients suffer from many cardiovascular complications and it is one of the important factors of death in these patients. Diabetes and defects in the insulin messenger can cause muscle atrophy and increase the destruction of proteins in muscle cells. Activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system leads to its important role in the breakdown of known proteins such as muscle proteins. Among the most important regulatory proteins of muscle proteolysis in the ubiquitin-proteasome system are the destructive proteins namely atherogen-1 or muscle atrophy F-Box (MAFbx) and muscle Ring-Finger protein-1 (MuRF1). MAFbx protein increases in diabetics and is responsible for the destruction of muscle proteins. Overexpression of MAFbx in the heart causes a decrease in physiological hypertrophy.

Another member of the ubiquitin pathway is the protein MuRF1, which is related to a family of MuRF proteins including MuRF1, MuRF2, and MuRF3.

Transcriptional regulation of MAFbx causes a reduction in heart protein degradation from the ubiquitin pathway. MAFbx not only regulates protein degradation but also reduces protein synthesis and plays an important role in controlling heart mass. As a unique form of physiological stress, regular exercise training can lead to cardiac muscle adaptation and ultimately cause physiological hypertrophy. A better understanding of cellular-molecular mechanisms in cardiac muscle in response to physical training, especially endurance training, is very important to improve the health of diabetic subjects. Therefore, in the current study, researchers are looking for the answer that endurance training can regulate and optimize the intracellular content of proteins involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (MAFbx and MuRF1) in the left ventricular tissue of rats with type-2 diabetes.

Methods

The current research was an experimental one in which 18 three-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats were included. In the first stage, to induce type-2 diabetes, a dose of 110 mg/kg nicotinamide solution was injected.

Then, 15 minutes later, a dose of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin solution dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH=4.5 was injected into the peritoneum of the

rats only for one time. Blood sugar between 126 mg/dL and 260 mg/dL was considered an indicator of type-2 diabetes. At the beginning of each session, the rats in the training group warmed up for six minutes at a speed of about 10 to 12 m/min. Then, the main training program included 32 minutes of endurance training with a speed of 15 to 24 m/min. At the end of each session, the rats cooled down for six minutes at a speed of about 10 to 12 m/min.

Endurance training was performed for eight weeks and four sessions per week. The treadmill incline was set at zero degrees. Twenty-four hours after the last training session, the rats were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of 30-50 mg/kg ketamine and 3-5 mg/kg xylazine. finally, the left ventricular tissue was removed and frozen at -80 degrees for further measurements. The data of the present research variables were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests at the α=0.05 level of significance.

Results

Significant differences in weight and blood sugar levels were observed in the first and eighth weeks among the diabetic training group, diabetic control, and healthy control (P≤0.05). The intracellular content of MAFbx protein after eight weeks of endurance training showed a significant change between the research groups in the tissue of the left ventricle of the heart muscle (P=0.0001). Also, the intracellular content of MuRF1 protein after eight weeks of endurance training showed a significant change between the research groups in the tissue of the left ventricle of the heart muscle (P=0.0001).

Conclusion

Eight weeks of endurance training led to a decrease in the content of MAFbx and MuRF1 proteins in the hearts of diabetic rats. Because the variables of the present study play a significant role in the ubiquitin- proteasome pathway, reducing the content of these proteins through endurance training can reduce the process of atrophy (decrease of heart cells) and autophagy (death of heart cells) of cardiomyocytes in rats, so that it prevents type-2 diabetes in rats that are prone to heart defects. Therefore, endurance training affects the correct performance and efficiency of the left ventricle of type-2 diabetic rats by regulating the intracellular content of these proteins. Nevertheless, the prescription of endurance programs for diabetics needs

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an examination of the clinical conditions of the subjects such as the type of diabetes, the volume, and severity of the complications of the disease, as well as the conditions of the training programs such as the duration, intensity, and other components, so that the best results can be achieved for these people.

Ethical Considerations

Compliance with ethical guidelines: In the present research, all the ethical points of working with laboratory animals were observed and carried out.

Funding: Financial resources provided by the authors.

Authors’ contribution: This article is derived from Abdol Nasser Seidi's Ph.D. thesis.

Conflict of interest: the authors declare that they have no mutual interest in writing or publishing this article and there is no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments: This research has been conducted at Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katul branch. We are grateful for all the loved ones who helped us in this important matter.

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ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ ﺮ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ نورد

ﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﯽ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﯽﺑﻮﯾ

ﻦﯿﺘﯿﺋﻮﮐ -

ﺮﭘ و ﺎﺌﺗ موز

ﺐﻠﻗ ﭗﭼ ﻦﻄﺑ رد تر

يﺎﻫ عﻮﻧ ﺖﺑﺎﯾد ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ 2

يﺪﯿﺳ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ،1

ﻦﻤﻬﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻗآ اﺪﻧ ﻮﻠﮕﺑ

2

،

رﻮﭘﺮﻐﺻا ﺐﯿﺒﺣ يﺪﻤﺣا نﺎﮔﮋﻣ ،3

4

1 . ﯽﻠﻋ ﺪﺣاو ،ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ و ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هوﺮﮔ ﯽﻠﻋ ،ﯽﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،لﻮﺘﮐ دﺎﺑآ

ناﺮﯾا ،لﻮﺘﮐ دﺎﺑآ :ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .

[email protected]

2 . ةﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ ﺴﻣ ﺆ لو

، ﯽﻠﻋ ﺪﺣاو ،ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ و ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هوﺮﮔ ﯽﻠﻋ ،ﯽﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،لﻮﺘﮐ دﺎﺑآ

[email protected]

3 . ﺮﮔ ﯽﻠﻋ ﺪﺣاو ،ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ و ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هو ﯽﻠﻋ ،ﯽﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،لﻮﺘﮐ دﺎﺑآ

[email protected]

4 . (هر) ﯽﻨﯿﻤﺧ مﺎﻣا رﺎﮔدﺎﯾ ﺪﺣاو ،ﯽﺷزرو مﻮﻠﻋ و ﯽﻧﺪﺑ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هوﺮﮔ رﺮﻬﺷ

ي دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ، ناﺮﯾا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ﯽﻣﻼﺳا

:ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺎﯾار .

@gmail.com 1376

mahmadi

ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا هﺪﯿﮑﭼ

:ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ عﻮﻧ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 13 /4 / 1401

:يﺮﮕﻧزﺎﺑ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 22

/ 11 / 1401

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 10 / 12 / 1401

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا : 05 / 02 / 1402

ﺪﯿﻠﮐ هژاو :ﺎﻫ

ﭗﭼ ﻦﻄﺑ

، ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﯽﻓوﺮﺗآ ﻠﻀﻋ ﮥ F-Box

،

ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﻠﻀﻋ ﮥ ﻪﻘﻠﺣ ﺖﺸﮕﻧا -

،1

ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ

،

عﻮﻧ ﺖﺑﺎﯾد . 2

ﻣﺪﻘﻣ :ﻪ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﯽﺑﻮﯾ ﯽﻧﻼﻀﻋ ﯽﻓوﺮﺗآ لﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻦﯿﺘﯿﺋﻮﮐ ﺖﺳا

؛ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﻦﯾژوﺮﺗآ يﺎﻫ -

1 ﯽﻓوﺮﺗآ ﺎﯾ ﻠﻀﻋ ﮥ Box - F

) MAFbx و (

ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻠﻀﻋ ﮥ ﻪﻘﻠﺣ ﺖﺸﮕﻧا -

1 ) MuRF1 زا (

ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﻦﯾا رد ﻢﻬﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺘﺴﻫ

ﻦﯾا زا فﺪﻫ .ﺪﻨ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ

ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿﺮ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ نورد

ﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﯽ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ يﺎﻫ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﯽﺑﻮﯾ

ﻦﯿﺘﯿﺋﻮﮐ - ﺮﭘ و ﺎﺌﺗ موز

) MAFbx و

MuRF1 ﺐﻠﻗ ﭗﭼ ﻦﻄﺑ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ رد (

تر يﺎﻫ عﻮﻧ ﺖﺑﺎﯾد ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ 2

ﺖﺳا .

:ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور ﻦﯾا رد

ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ،ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ 18 ﺮﺳ تر ﺮﻧ ﻪﺳ ﻫﺎﻣ ﮥ گاﺮﭙﺳا داﮋﻧ ﯽﻟواد

نزو ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﺎﺑ 20

270± بﺎﺨﺘﻧا مﺮﮔ

.ﺪﻧﺪﺷ 12 ﺮﺳ ﺮﻃ زا ﯾ ﻖ نورد ﻖﯾرﺰﺗ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﯽﻗﺎﻔﺻ

يﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﺳﻮﺗوزﻮﺘﭘﺮﺘﺳا ﻦﯿﺗﻮﮑﯿﻧ و

ﻦﯾا .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد ﺪﯿﻣآ تر

ﺎﻫ شور ﻪﺑ

ﻪﺑ ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ود

ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ و ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ هوﺮﮔ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ هوﺮﮔ ﮏﯾ ؛ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗ

هوﺮﮔ ﺮﻫ) ﺶﺷ (ﺮﺳ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ رد

ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ . ﺮﮔ ﯽﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ هو رﺎﻬﭼ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ رد زور ﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ

ﮥ ﯽﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺸﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ياﺮﺑ.

ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ هداد مﺮﻧ زا ﺎﻫ راﺰﻓا ﺨﺴﻧSPSS ﮥ 23 نﻮﻣزآ و ياﻮﻧآ يﺎﻫ - هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﮐﻮﺗ ﯽﺒﯿﻘﻌﺗ و ﻪﻓﺮﻄﮑﯾ .ﺪﺷ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ :ﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ MAFbx

ﯽﭘ رد ﺖﺸﻫ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا

ﯿﻐﺗ ، ﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﯿ ﺎ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ار يراد

) 0001 /0 ﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻦﯾا داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﮐﻮﺗ ﯽﺒﯿﻘﻌﺗ نﻮﻣزآ ؛(P=

ﺎ هوﺮﮔ ﺖﻔﺟ ﻦﯿﺑ راد ﺘﺑﺎﯾد ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ يﺎﻫ

ﯽ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ

ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد (ﺶﻫﺎﮐ) ) 0001 /0 ( P=

و هوﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ

لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺳ ﻢﻟﺎ (ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا) ) 004 /0 (P=

ﺖﺳا .

ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ MuRF1

ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ر يراد ) داد نﺎﺸﻧ ا 0001

/0 ﻦﯾا ؛(P=

ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ هوﺮﮔ ﺖﻔﺟ ﻦﯿﺑ راد يﺎﻫ

ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ

) ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ 0001

/0 ( P=

.دﻮﺑ

ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ :يﺮﯿﮔ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ ،ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ

يﺎﻫ MAFbx و

MuRF1 ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﺐﻠﻗ رد

ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﯽﻓوﺮﺗآ زا ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﭼ ﻦﻄﺑ ﺖﺳرد دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ و ﺪﻨﮐ يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ

ﭗ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ .دﻮﺷ

دﺎﻨﺘﺳا : يﺪﯿﺳ ، اﺪﺒﻋ ﻟ ﺮﺻﺎﻨ

؛ ﻦﻤﻬﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻗآ ﻮﻠﮕﺑ ، اﺪﻧ

؛ ؛ﺐﯿﺒﺣ ،رﻮﭘﺮﻐﺻا و

يﺪﻤﺣا ، نﺎﮔﮋﻣ ﺛﺄﺗ . ﯿﺮ ﺤﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ياﻮﺘ

نورد ﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﯽ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ يﺎﻫ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ

ﯽﺑﻮﯾ ﻦﯿﺘﯿﺋﻮﮐ - ﺮﭘ و ﺎﺌﺗ ﺐﻠﻗ ﭗﭼ ﻦﻄﺑ رد موز تر

يﺎﻫ عﻮﻧ ﺖﺑﺎﯾد ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ 2

. ﮥﯾﺮﺸﻧ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز مﻮﻠﻋ ﯽﺷزرو

. 1402

؛ 15 )1 ( : 19 - 5.

2023.345403.1544

JSB.

/ 10.22059 DOI: http//doi.org/

ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺮﺘﺳد اﯾ ﻦ ﺮﺸﻧ ﯾﻪ ﻤﻠﻋ

،ﯽ ار ﯾ نﺎﮕ ﮑﻟﺎﻣ ﻖﺣ و ﺖﺳا ﯿ

ﺖ ﺮﮑﻓ ي ﻻ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ار دﻮﺧ ﯾ

ﺲﻨﺴ ﺮﮐ ﯾﺘ ﯿﻮ ) ﺰﻨﻣﺎﮐ CC BY-NC 4.0 ﻪﺑ (

ﻮﻧ ﯾ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴ ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ راﺬﮔاو .

:ﻪﯾﺮﺸﻧ سردآ| /

https://jsb.ut.ac.ir :ﻞﯿﻤﯾا|

r [email protected]

:ﺮﺷﺎﻧ .ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد تارﺎﺸﺘﻧا .نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ©

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ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ ﺮ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ نورد

ﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﯽ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ يﺎﻫ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻦﯿﺘﯿﺋﻮﮐ ﯽﺑﻮﯾ

- موزﺎﺌﺗوﺮﭘ د

...ر 25

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ﮏﯾ ﺖﺑﺎﯾد

ًادوﺪﺣ يﻻﺎﺑ 400 داﺮﻓا و ﺖﺳا هداد راﺮﻗ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ار نﺎﻬﺟ ﺮﺳاﺮﺳ رد ﺮﻔﻧ نﻮﯿﻠﯿﻣ

ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد عﻮﻧ ﺖﺑﺎﯾد ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ

2 ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ) 1 ( هﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ يﺎﻫرﺎﮐوزﺎﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ﯽﯾﺎﺳرﺎﻧ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻠﺻا ﺮﻄﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺖﺑﺎﯾد . ﻦﯾا ؛دراد يا

رﺎﮐوزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ يدﺎﯾز ﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻻﺎﺑ نﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﻗ

يرﺎﺠﻨﻫﺎﻧ و1

ﺖﺧﻮﺳ يﺎﻫ و

ﺖﺳا ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد ﯽﺗﺎﭘﻮﯿﻣﻮﯾدرﺎﮐ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ يزﺎﺳ )

2 ( عﻮﻧ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد نارﺎﻤﯿﺑ .

2 ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ضراﻮﻋ زا ، -

ﯽﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺞﻧر يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﯽﻗوﺮﻋ زا و ﺪﻧﺮﺑ

ﻋ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮ گﺮﻣ

ﻣو ﯿﺮ نارﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﻦﯾا رد ﺖﺳا

رد ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ﯽﯾﺎﺳرﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑا ﺮﻄﺧ .

عﻮﻧ ﺖﺑﺎﯾد ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ نارﺎﻤﯿﺑ 2

ﺰﯿﻧ ﻦﯿﻟﻮﺴﻧا ﻪﺑ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ و نﻮﺧ ﻦﯿﺑﻮﻠﮔﻮﻤﻫ حﻮﻄﺳ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺎﺑ

دراد ﯽﮑﯾدﺰﻧ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑاو و ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ )

3 ، 4 (.

مﺎﯿﭘ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد رد ﺺﻘﻧ و ﺖﺑﺎﯾد يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ا ﯽﻧﺎﺳر

ﻦﯿﻟﻮﺴﻧ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯽﻧﻼﻀﻋ

(ﯽﻓوﺮﺗآ) ا و2

ﺰﻓ ا ﺮﭘ ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ ﺶﯾ و

ﻦﯿﺌﺗ ﺎﻫ

رد ﻮﻠﺳ ل ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻧﻼﻀﻋ و ﺐﻠﻗ)

ﮥﻠﻀﻋ (ﯽﺘﻠﮑﺳا دﻮﺷ ) 5 ( لﺎﻌﻓ . هﺎﮕﺘﺳد يزﺎﺳ ﺑﻮﯾ

ﯽ ﻦﯿﺘﯿﺋﻮﮐ - موزﺎﺌﺗوﺮﭘ رد نآ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ يﺎﻔﯾا ﻪﺑ3

ﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﮥ

ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ هﺪﺷ ﯽﻧﻼﻀﻋ يﺎﻫ

ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﯽﻣ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد .دﻮﺷ ﯽﺑﻮﯾ

ﻦﯿﺘﯿﺋﻮﮐ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻞﯾﺪﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ هﻮﻘﻟﺎﺑ فاﺪﻫا ﻢﺠﺣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ

ﺖﺳا ﻢﻬﻣ ﯽﺘﻠﮑﺳا و ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ﯽﺗﻼﻀﻋ )

6 ( ﺮﯿﺴﻣ . ﯽﺑﻮﯾ ﻦﯿﺘﯿﺋﻮﮐ - ﺮﭘ و ﺎﺌﺗ موز ﻞﻣﺎﺷ آ ﺎﻫﻢﯾﺰﻧ ي ﺎﻌﻓ ل ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ة ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﯽﺑﻮﯾ ﻦﯿﺘﯿﺋﻮﮐ آ ، ﺎﻫﻢﯾﺰﻧ ي

ﻞﺼﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ و ه ﺎﮕﯿﻟ ز ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺑﻮﯾ ﻦﯿﺘﯿﺋﻮﮐ ا ﺖﺳ ) 7 (.

زا ﺮﭘ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﻢﻬﻣ و

ﺎﻫﻦﯿﺌﺗ ي ﺮﭘ ﯽﻤﯿﻈﻨﺗ و

ﺰﯿﻟﻮﺌﺗ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد رد ﯽﻧﻼﻀﻋ ﯽﺑﻮﯾ

ﻦﯿﺘﯿﺋﻮﮐ - ﺮﭘ و ﺎﺌﺗ ،موز ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻦﯾژوﺮﺗآ ﯽﻨﻌﯾ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ

- 1

ﯽﻓوﺮﺗآ ﺎﯾ ﮥﻠﻀﻋ

Box -

4F

ﻞﻣﺎﻋ و ﮥﻠﻀﻋ ﻪﻘﻠﺣ ﺖﺸﮕﻧا -

1 ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ5

) 8 ( . ﺮﭘ و ﻦﯿﺌﺗ

MAFbx

ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد داﺮﻓا رد لﻮﺌﺴﻣ و ﺪﺑﺎﯾ

ﺮﭘ ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ و

ﻦﯿﺌﺗ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻧﻼﻀﻋ ﺖﺳا

. ﺎﯿﺑ ن ﺑﯿ ﺶ ﺪﺣزا

MAFbx

رد ﺐﻠﻗ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯽﻓوﺮﺗﺮﭙﯾﺎﻫ ﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ

ژﯾ ﯽﻣ ﯽﯾا هﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ .دﻮﺷ

ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا

MAFbx

ﯽﻧﻼﻀﻋ ﯽﻓوﺮﺗﺮﭙﯾﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻣ

ﻣﺎﺠﻧا ﺪ ؛ ﻟﺎﺣرد ﯽ ﻪﮐ ﺎﯿﺑ ن ﺑﯿ ﺶ ﺪﺣزا

MAFbx

لﻮﻠﺳ رد ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ﯽﻧﻼﻀﻋ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﻢﺠﺣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ

ﯽﻣ ا .دﻮﺷ ﺰﻓ ا ﺶﯾ ور ﻮﻧ ﯽﺴﯾ

MAFbx

يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا رد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ

ﻢﺠﺣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻢﮐ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ،

د ،ﯽﮐﺮﺤﺗ ﺖﺑﺎﯾ

هزور ، و يراد

ﺎﻧر ﯽﯾﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي ﻮﯿﻠﮐ هﺪﯾد ي ﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا ه ) 9 ( ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺮﮕﯾد ﻮﻀﻋ . ﯽﺑﻮﯾ

ﻦﯿﺘﯿﺋﻮﮐ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ

1

ﺖﺳا MURF

ﻪﮐ ، هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ زا يا

يﺎﻫ

ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زاMURF 1

،MURF 2

وMURF 3

ﻪﺘﺴﺑاوMURF

ﺖﺳا ) 10 ( . تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺎﺸﻧ

ن ﯽﻣ د ﺎﮕﯿﻟ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﺗﺎﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫ ز

ﯽﺑﻮﯾ ﻦﯿﺘﯿﺋﻮﮐ

3

ﻂﺳﻮﺗE

ﺮﭘ و ﻦﯿﺌﺗ

MAFbx

، ﺐﺒﺳ ﺎﮑﺷ رد ف ﺮﭘ و ﻦﯿﺌﺗ ﺎﻫ ي ﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ير ﺐﻠﻗ ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ و ﯽﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ رد

ﻢﺠﺣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺐﻠﻗ

.دراد ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ور ﯽﺴﯾﻮﻧ

MAFbx

ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺮﭘ ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و

ﺐﻠﻗ ﻦﯿﺌﺗ زا

ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﯽﺑﻮﯾ ﻦﯿﺘﯿﺋﻮﮐ ﯽﻣ ﻮﺷ .د

MAFbx

هوﻼﻋ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺮﭘ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ

وﺗ ﻦﯿﺌ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ، ﺮﭘ و ﻦﯿﺌﺗ

ار ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﻣ

ﺪﻫد و ﯽﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ رد

ﺮﺘﻨﮐ ل ﻮﺗ دة ﺐﻠﻗ دراد ) 11 (.

دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺐﻠﻗ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ ﯽﻓوﺮﺗﺮﭙﯾﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ ﺖﯾﻮﻘﺗ ﺎﯾ ﻆﻔﺣ ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ گﺮﻣ ﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ نوﺪﺑ ار نآ يﺎﻫ

.ﺪﻨﮐ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻞﮑﺷ ﮏﯾ

ﻪﺑﺮﺼﺤﻨﻣ دﺮﻓ ﺎﺸﻓ زا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ،ﯽﯾﺎﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ ر ﯽﻣ ﯽﺷزرو ﻢﻈﻨﻣ يﺎﻫ

يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﮥﻠﻀﻋ

ﯽﯾﺎﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ ﯽﻓوﺮﺗﺮﭙﯾﺎﻫ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد و ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ

ﯽﯾﺎﺳرﺎﻧ رد .دﻮﺷ لﻮﻠﺳ يزﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺐﺒﺳ ﯽﺒﻠﻗ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ لﻼﺘﺧا ،ﯽﺒﻠﻗ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﯽﺒﻠﻗ يﺎﻫ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ .دﻮﺷ

ﯽﻧﺎﻣرد فاﺪﻫا ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ دﺎﺠﯾا يﺪﯾﺪﺟ ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ

ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ .دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﺪﯿﻔﻣ و ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣرد يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ

ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﯽﺘﺣ و دراد ﺐﻠﻗ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ناﺮﺒﺟ ار ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ﺐﯿﺳآ يﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﮐ ﺪﻨ ﺪﺸﺨﺑ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ار ﺐﻠﻗ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ و )

12 .(

و نﺎﻫروا ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ رد

) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 2021

ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ( ﺛﺄﺗ

ﯿﺮ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ يﺎﻫ

MuRF1

و

MAFbx

رد ﮥﻠﻀﻋ تر ﯽﺘﻠﮑﺳا .ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﺎﻫ

ﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﮥ تر ﯽﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ يور ﺮﺑ نﺪﯾود ﺎﻫ

نادﺮﮔ راﻮﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ و

25 ،ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ 45

.دﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺖﺸﻫ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ رد زور ﺞﻨﭘ و زور رد ﻪﻘﯿﻗد

ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ

MuRF1

و

MAFbx

رد ﮥﻠﻀﻋ ﯽﺘﻠﮑﺳا ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑ هوﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ لﺎﺒﻧد ﮐ كﺮﺤﺗ

ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻫﺎ ار يراد

داد نﺎﺸﻧ ) 13 .(

ﯽﯾﺎﺿر ﺮﮕﯾد ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ رد ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و رﻮﭘ

2019 ﻪﺑ ( ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿﺮ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﮏﯾ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﯽﺘﻣوﺎﻘﻣ و ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ رود

ة

ﯽﺑ نژ نﺎﯿﺑ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ يﺎﻫ

MuRF1

و

MAFbx

تر ﯽﻠﻌﻧ ﯽﺘﻠﮑﺳا ﮥﻠﻀﻋ نژ نﺎﯿﺑ .ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ لﺎﻌﻓ يﺎﻫ

يﺎﻫ

MuRF1

و

MAFbx

رد

1. Hyperglycemia

2. Atrophy

3. Ubiquitin Proteasome System

4. Muscle Atrophy F-box (MAFbx)

5. Muscle RING-Finger Protein 1(MuRF)

(6)

26

رﺎﻬﺑ ،لوا ةرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﻫدﺰﻧﺎﭘ ةرود ،ﯽﺷزرو ﯽﺘﺴﯾز مﻮﻠﻋ 1402

.دﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯽﻠﻌﻧ ﯽﺘﻠﮑﺳا ﮥﻠﻀﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ نﺎﯿﺑ ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا

ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ نژ نﺎﯿﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﺪﺳر يﺎﻫ

MuRF1

و

MAFbx

زا ﻢﺠﺣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ هار ﯽﺘﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا و ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﯽﻧﻼﻀﻋ

ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻞﺣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ

ﻢﺠﺣ زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ ﯽﻧﻼﻀﻋ

ﯽﺑ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻧﻼﻀﻋ ﯽﮐﺮﺤﺗ )

14 ((.

ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ يﺎﻫرﺎﮐوزﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ كرد -

رد ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﻋ

ﮥﻠﻀ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ رد ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ وﯾ هﮋ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ياﺮﺑ ،ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ ﺎﻘﺗرا

ي

ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ .ﺖﺳا ﻢﻬﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد يﺎﻫ

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿﺮ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ

يﺎﻫ

MAFbx

و

MuRF1

رد ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﯽﺘﻠﮑﺳا تﻼﻀﻋ ﺪﻧا

ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ وﮋﭘ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺖﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ ﺶﻫ

تر ﺎﯾ داﺮﻓا يور ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ و ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ

دﻮﻣزآ يور ار ﯽﺷزرو ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻧ

ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد يﺎﻫ هدﺮﮐ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

ﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ رد ﻦﯿﻨ

ﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ناﻮﺟ يﺎﻫ اﺮﯾز ،ﺪﻧﺪ

هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ هﺪﺷ

ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺟ يﺎﻫ

عﻮﻧ ﺖﺑﺎﯾد ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺖﻠﻋ 2

ﺖﺳد زا ار نﻮﺧ ژﺎﭙﻤﭘ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ﯽﯾارﺎﮐ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ

ﯽﻣ ﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ و ﺪﻨﻫد ﺖﯿﻟ

ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﻦﯿﻨﺳ رد ﯽﺷزرو يﺎﻫ راد

ﺪﻧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﭗﭼ ﻦﻄﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧآ زا . هﺪﺷ

،ﺖﺳا

ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ يور ﺮﺑ ار ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ

ﺮﻈﻧﺪﻣ ﻧداد راﺮﻗ ﺎﺗ ﺪ هوﻼﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ ﺎﻫﺮ ي ژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ ﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯾ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺪﻨ و

،نﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﻗ و نز

ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ

MAFbx

و

MuRF1

ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ رد ﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد ﯽﺗﺎﭘﻮﯿﻣﻮﯾدرﺎﮐ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺪﻌﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد يﺎﻫ

.دﻮﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮ

ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻪﺑ

ﯽﻣ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻦﯾا لﺎﺒﻧد ﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

ﯽﻣ ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا ﻦﯾ ﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ياﻮﺘﺤ نورد ﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﯽ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ رد ﺮﯿﮔرد يﺎﻫ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ

ﯽﺑﻮﯾ ﻦﯿﺘﯿﺋﻮﮐ - ﺮﭘ و ﺎﺌﺗ ) موز

MAFbx

و

1

تر ﺐﻠﻗ ﭗﭼ ﻦﻄﺑ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ رد (MuRF

عﻮﻧ ﺖﺑﺎﯾد ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ يﺎﻫ 2

؟ﺪﻨﮐ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ار

شور ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ عﻮﻧ و ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ

- نآ رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا يدﺎﯿﻨﺑ 18

ود ﺮﻧ تر ﺮﺳ ﻫﺎﻣ

ﮥ گاﺮﭙﺳا داﮋﻧ واد

تر .ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﯽﻟ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد زا ﺎﻫ

يراﺪﯾﺮﺧ زاﺮﯿﺷ و

ﺎﺑ ﺧﺮﭼ ﮥ ﯽﮑﯾرﺎﺗ - ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور 12

- 12 ياﻮﻫ يﺎﻣد و 2

22± ﺟرد ﮥ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺎﺑ داﺮﮔ 40

- 50 هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ رد ﺪﺻرد

ﻪﮕﻧ تﺎﻧاﻮﯿﺣ صﻮﺼﺨﻣ يﺮﻄﺑ رد بآ و ﺖﻠﭘ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد تﺎﻧاﻮﯿﺣ ياﺬﻏ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يراد

500 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ يﺮﺘﯿﻟ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ا و ﻪﻧادازآ رﺎﯿﺘﺧا رد دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳ

تر تر .ﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ

تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ياﺬﻏ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ رﺎﻬﭼ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ

ﺪﺷ ة ) تر دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ياﺬﻏ ردﻮﭘ زا ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ،ﺖﻠﭘ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد بﺮﭼﺮﭘ 365

) يﺪﻨﻔﺳﻮﮔ ﯽﺑﺮﭼ ،(مﺮﮔﻮﻠﯿﮐ/مﺮﮔ 310

ﻦﯿﻣﺎﺘﯾو طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ،(مﺮﮔﻮﻠﯿﮐ/مﺮﮔ ) ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ داﻮﻣ و ﺎﻫ

60 ،(مﺮﮔﻮﻠﯿﮐ/مﺮﮔ ﻪﺳ) ﻦﯿﻧﻮﺘﯿﻣ DL

ﮔﻮﻠﯿﮐ/مﺮﮔ ) ﺮﻤﺨﻣ ردﻮﭘ ،(مﺮ

1 و (مﺮﮔﻮﻠﯿﮐ/مﺮﮔ ﻢﯾﺪﺳﺪﯾﺮﻠﮐ

ﮏﯾ) (مﺮﮔﻮﻠﯿﮐ/مﺮﮔ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ

نزو ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﺑ

±20 270 ﺪﻧﺪﯿﺳر مﺮﮔ )

15 .(

شور ﺎﻘﻟا ي ﺖﺑﺎﯾد

ﺲﭘ تر نﺪﯿﺳر نزو ﻪﺑ زا

،ﺎﻫ 12 تر ﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ عﻮﻧ ﺖﺑﺎﯾد دﺎﺠﯾا ياﺮﺑ و بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ 2

رد ، ﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮥ ﻦﯿﺗﻮﮑﯿﻧ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ لوا زود ﺎﺑ ﺪﯿﻣآ

110 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ نﺪﺑ نزو زا مﺮﮔﻮﻠﯿﮐ ﺮﻫ يازا ﻪﺑ مﺮﮔ ﻖﯾرﺰﺗ

ﺷ ﺪ ﺲﭙﺳ . 15 ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ) ﻦﯿﺳﻮﺗوزﻮﺘﭘﺮﺘﺳا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ

(STZ

ﻪﺑ1

ترﻮﺻ ﻞﺣ رد هﺪﺷ

تاﺮﺘﯿﺳ ﺮﻓﺎﺑ 1/

0 ﺎﺑ رﻻﻮﻣ 5/

4 ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻂﻘﻓ و pH=

زود ﺎﺑ 60 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ نورد ﻪﺑ نﺪﺑ نزو زا مﺮﮔﻮﻠﯿﮐ ﺮﻫ يازا ﻪﺑ مﺮﮔ تر قﺎﻔﺻ

ﻖﯾرﺰﺗ ﺎﻫ

ﺪﺷ ) 16 .(

ﺎﻬﻧآ نﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﻗ 72

و ﺎﮑﯾﺮﻣآ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﮏﭼﻮﯿﮐا ﺖﮐﺮﺷ نﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﻗ ﺖﺴﺗ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻖﯾرﺰﺗ زا ﺲﭘ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻧﻮﻤﻧ

ﮥ ﯽﻧﻮﺧ

ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ هﺪﺷ ﯽﻣد گﺮﻫﺎﯿﺳ زا ﻪﺑ

رﻮﻈﻨﻣ زا نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا دﯾ

ﺘﺑﺎ ﯽ نﺪﺷ هزاﺪﻧا و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﺑ نﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﻗ ؛ﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ

126 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﯽﺳد ﺮﺑ مﺮﮔ ﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ

260

ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﯽﺳد ﺮﺑ مﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ

ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ود عﻮﻧ نﺪﺷ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد ﺺﺧﺎﺷ )

17 .(

تر ﺖﺑﺎﯾد يﺎﻘﻟا زا ﺲﭘ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ هوﺮﮔ ود ﻪﺑ ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ

(ﺮﺳ ﺶﺷ) ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ و (ﺮﺳ ﺶﺷ) ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ (ﺮﺳ ﺶﺷ) ﻢﻟﺎﺳ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ هوﺮﮔ ﮏﯾ ؛ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗ

.ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺰﯿﻧ

ﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﮥ ﯽﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ

ﺶﯿﭘ عوﺮﺷ زا ﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﮥ هزاﺪﻧا نﻮﻣزآ ،ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا ﯽﻠﺻا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ هوﺮﮔ زا ﺮﺗﻮﻠﺟ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﮏﯾ دوﺪﺣ ﻪﮐ تﻮﻠﯾﺎﭘ هوﺮﮔ يور ﺮﺑ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ يﺮﯿﮔ

1. Streptozotocin

(7)

...ر 7 2

،ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﺑ

رﻮﻈﻨﻣ تر ﺖﻋﺮﺳ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ و ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﯽﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﻠﺻا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ هوﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ

تر ﻦﯾا .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ هوﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ

ﺞﻨﭘ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ تﻮﻠﯾﺎﭘ

ﯽﻣ نﺪﯾود ﻪﺑ عوﺮﺷ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﻪﺳ ﺮﻫ و ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ

نادﺮﮔ راﻮﻧ ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺞﻨﭘ

تر ﺎﺗ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ .ﺪﻨﺳﺮﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

تر ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺧ رﺎﯿﻌﻣ نآ رد ﻪﮐ ﯽﺘﻋﺮﺳ .دﻮﺑ ﻞﯿﻣدﺮﺗ يﺎﻬﺘﻧا ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺒﺴﭼ ﺎﻫ

تر ﯽﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺪﯿﺳر

ﻧ رد ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺮﻈ

ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺪﺷ

) 18 .(

تر ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﺮﻫ عوﺮﺷ رد ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ هوﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ

دوﺪﺣ ﯽﺘﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ) ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺶﺷ 10

ﺎﺗ 12 مﺮﮔ (ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ

ﯽﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ

ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﻠﺻا 32

وﺪﺣ ﯽﺗﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد د

50 ﺎﺗ 70 ) ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ﺪﺻرد دوﺪﺣ ﯽﺘﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ

15 ﺎﺗ 24 ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا (

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ .

تر ﺰﯿﻧ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ ﺮﻫ نﺎﯾﺎﭘ رد ﺎﻫ

تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ دوﺪﺣ ﯽﺘﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺶﺷ 10

ﺎﺗ 12 دﺮﺳ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا ﯽﻨﯾﺮﻤﺗ .ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ

تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻫ و ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺖﺸﻫ

ﺐﯿﺷ .ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺴﻠﺟ رﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ نادﺮﮔ راﻮﻧ

ﻪﺟرد ﺮﻔﺻ لوﺪﺟ) دﻮﺑ

1 () 19 .(

لوﺪﺟ 1 ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ .

ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﻔﻟﺆﻣ

ﮥ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ندﺮﮐ مﺮﮔ

ﻧﺪﺑ ﮥ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﯽﻠﺻا ندﺮﮐ دﺮﺳ

(ﻪﻘﯿﻗد) ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ نﺎﻣز 6

ﻪﻘﯿﻗد 32

ﻪﻘﯿﻗد 6

ﻪﻘﯿﻗد

ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ نﺪﯾود ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺪﺻرد ﺖﻋﺮﺳ

30 ﺎﺗ 50 ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ﺪﺻرد

ﺖﻋﺮﺳ 50

ﺎﺗ 70 ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ﺪﺻرد 30

ﺎﺗ 50 ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ﺪﺻرد

ﺖﻋﺮﺳ

(ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ) نﺪﯾود ﺖﻋﺮﺳ 10

ﺎﺗ 12 15

ﺎﺗ 20 10

ﺎﺗ 12

ﺐﯿﺷ نادﺮﮔ راﻮﻧ (ﻪﺟرد) ﺮﻔﺻ

ﺮﻔﺻ ﺮﻔﺻ

شور ﺖﻓﺎﺑ رادﺮﺑ ي

ﺲﭘ زا 24 ﻦﯾﺮﺧآ زا ﺲﭘ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻪﺴﻠﺟ

تر ،ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻖﯾرﺰﺗ ﺎﺑ و ﯽﻗﻼﺧا لﻮﺻا ﺖﯾﺎﻋر ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ

نورد زا ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﯽﻗﺎﻔﺻ 30

ﺎﺗ 50 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ مﺮﮔ

ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺎﺗ ﻪﺳ و ﻦﯿﻣﺎﺘﮐ نﺪﺑ نزو مﺮﮔﻮﻠﯿﮐ ﯽﺑ ،ﻦﯾزﻼﯾاز نﺪﺑ نزو مﺮﮔﻮﻠﯿﮐ ﺮﺑ مﺮﮔ

.ﺪﻧﺪﺷ شﻮﻫ ﺲﭘ

مﺮﺳ رد و اﺪﺟ ﭗﭼ ﻦﻄﺑ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ نآ زا

ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ ﻪﺑ

رﻮﻈﻨﻣ فﺮﻃﺮﺑ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ندﺮﮐ يﺎﻫ

بﻮﯿﺗوﺮﮑﯿﻣ نورد و ﺰﯿﻤﺗ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ و ﯽﻧﻮﺧ تزا ﻊﯾﺎﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ ﺎﻫ

ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ياﺮﺑ يﺎﻣد ﺎﺑ يﺪﻌﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻔﻨﻣ 80 ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺪﻤﺠﻨﻣ .

شور ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ يﺎﻫ

زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ نﺮﺘﺳو ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ شور

- هزاﺪﻧا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ تﻼﺑ .ﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ

ﭗﭼ ﻦﻄﺑ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ اﺪﺘﺑا شور ﻦﯾا رد رد

ﺪﻨﻨﮐﺰﯿﻟ ة

) ﻞﯿﺘﮐﻮﮐ زﺎﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﯽﺘﻧآ يوﺎﺣ RIPA

ﺎﻤﮕﯿﺳ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ( ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺲﭙﺳ

فورﺪﻨﭘا لﺪﻣ) ژﻮﯿﻔﯾﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ رد ﺎﻫ

5415 R

( ﺟرد رﺎﻬﭼ يﺎﻣد رد ﮥ

ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ و داﺮﮔ 12000

ﻪﻘﯿﻗد رد رود تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ

10 .ﺪﺷ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ درﻮﻓدﺮﺑ شور ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ژﻮﯿﻔﯾﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد

زا ﻪﺑ BSA

ﭘ ناﻮﻨﻋ هزاﺪﻧا ياﺮﺑ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ .ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ناﺰﯿﻣ يﺮﯿﮔ

ﯽﻨﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ يﺎﻫ ﻬﺗ

ﯿﻪ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺨﯾر زا ﻞﺒﻗ رد نﺪﺷ

ﻢﻫ ﮏﻫﺎﭼ و طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮﻓﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ و هﺪﺷ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ

تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 5 ﺎﺗ 10 بآ رد ﻪﻘﯿﻗد 100

ﺟرد ﮥ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ لژ ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هﺪﻧﺎﺷﻮﺟ داﺮﮔ

SDS

ﯿﺑ و ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺪﯿﻣآ ﻞﯾﺮﮐآﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘ زاpage

ﻞﯾﺮﮐآ ﺲ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘ ﻦﯾا ﺪﯿﻣآ

ﯽﺿﺮﻋ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ

ﯿﻬﺗ ياﺮﺑ مزﻻ داﻮﻣ .ﺪﺷ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻢﻫ ﮥ

لﻮﻠﺤﻣ كﻮﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ

زﻮﻓوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﮏﻧﺎﺗ لژ ﺮﻓﺎﺑ و ﻻﺎﺑ لژ ﺮﻓﺎﺑ ،ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ لژ ﺮﻓﺎﺑ ،ﺪﯿﻣآ ﻞﯾﺮﮐا لژ ﺮﺑ زﻮﻓوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا

SDS page

مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﺲﭘ زا

لژ زﻮﻓوﺮﺘﮑﻟا مﺎﻤﺗا ﻪﺑ

ﻣارآ ﯽ ﻪﺸﯿﺷ زا هﺪﺷ اﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ ﺬﻏﺎﮐ ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﺮﻓﺎﺑ رد و

زاﺪﻧا ﻪﺑPVDF

ة ياﺮﺑ و هﺪﯾﺮﺑ لژ نﺪﺷ لﺎﻌﻓ

تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 1 هﺎﮕﺘﺳد رد ﺬﻏﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ لژ زا ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﺮﻓﺎﺑ نورد و ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺴﺷ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ ﺎﺑ و ﮏﯿﺷ لﻮﻧﺎﺘﻣ رد ﻪﻘﯿﻗد

نﺮﺘﺳو رد .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ تﻼﺑ ﻠﺣﺮﻣ

ﮥ ﻨﯿﮐﻼﺑ ﮓ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ، ﮓﻨﯿﮐﻼﺑ

ﻪﺑ ﺶﻨﮐاو زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﺬﻏﺎﮐ نﺪﻧﺎﺷﻮﭘ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻏﯿ

ﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧاﺮ ﯽ

ﯽﺘﻧآ ﻪﺑ ﻪﯿﻟوا يدﺎﺑ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻦﺘﺧﺎﺳ ياﺮﺑ .ﺖﻓر رﺎﮐ

2 ﺮﻓﺎﺑ رد ﯽﺑﺮﭼ نوﺪﺑ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺮﯿﺷ ﺪﺻرد

TBS–T

لﺎﻘﺘﻧا مﺎﻤﺗا زا ﺲﭘ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا

ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺬﻏﺎﮐ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

PVDF

ﺬﻏﺎﮐ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ و ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﮏﯾ 15

ﻼﺑ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ قﺎﺗا يﺎﻣد رد ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﮐﯿ

ﯽﻣ ﮏﯿﺷ ﮓﻨ .دﻮﺷ

ﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺲﭙﺳ ﮥ

(8)

28

ﯽﺘﻧآ ﺎﺑ ندﺮﮐ ﻪﺑﻮﮑﻧا .ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﯿﻟوا يدﺎﺑ

ﯽﺘﻧآ ﺎﺑ ﺬﻏﺎﮐ ﮓﻨﯿﮐﻼﺑ نﺎﻣز ﻦﺘﻓﺎﯾ نﺎﯾﺎﭘ زا ﺲﭘ ﻪﯿﻟوا يدﺎﺑ

راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﮓﻨﯿﮐﻼﺑ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ يا

ﯽﺘﻧآ ﻦﯿﻌﻣ و طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﻪﯿﻟوا يدﺎﺑ

ﻗر ﯿ ﻖ هﺪﺷ ،ﺖﺳا تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 16 ﺎﺗ 18 .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺑﻮﮑﻧا ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻠﺣﺮﻣ نآ زا ﺪﻌﺑ

ﮥ ندﺮﮐ ﻪﺑﻮﮑﻧا ﯽﺘﻧآ ﺎﺑ

ﻪﯾﻮﻧﺎﺛ يدﺎﺑ

.ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﻠﺣﺮﻣ مﺎﻤﺗا زا ﺲﭘ

ﮥ ﺬﻏﺎﮐ ﻞﺒﻗ 3

رﺎﺑ ﺮﻫ و رﺎﺑ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ

15 ﺮﻓﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد

TBS-T

ﺖﺴﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺬﻏﺎﮐ ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﺷ هداد ﻮﺷو

ﯽﺘﻧآ ﻪﯾﻮﻧﺎﺛ يدﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﻧآ

- شﻮﮔﺮﺧ ) ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﺑ

1:1000

( ﯽﺘﻧآ مﺎﻤﺗ ياﺮﺑ يدﺎﺑ

ﻪﯿﻟوا يﺎﻫ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ

و ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﮏﯾ 15

ﮏﯿﺷ قﺎﺗا يﺎﻣد رد ﻪﻘﯿﻗد

رد .ﺪﺷ رﺎﺑ ﺮﻫ و رﺎﺑ ﻪﺳ ﺬﻏﺎﮐ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﯾا نﺎﯾﺎﭘ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ

15 ﺮﻓﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد

TBS-T

ﺖﺴﺷ ﻖﯿﻗد ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﺷ هداد ﻮﺷو سﺎﺴﺣ و ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

ﻦﯾﺮﺗ

ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ ﯽﻨﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺪﻧﺎﺑ يزﺎﺳرﺎﮑﺷآ يﺎﻫ ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣ

ﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ياﺮﺑ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ة

ﯽﻨﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣ

ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ياراد ﺬﻏﺎﮐ ﺮﺑ ار ﯽﺳﺎﮑﻋ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ

رد و ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ ﯽﻧﻮﻠﯾﺎﻧ رﻮﻬﻇ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ يوﺎﺣ ﮏﺘﺸﺗ رد اﺪﺘﺑا ،ﺖﺳﺎﮐ زا ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ندﺮﮐ جرﺎﺧ زا ﺲﭘ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﺖﺳﺎﮐ

تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 20 هداد راﺮﻗ ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ

ار ﻢﻠﯿﻓ بآ ﮏﺘﺸﺗ رد ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ

20 نآ زا ﺪﻌﺑ و ﻪﺘﺴﺷ ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ

20 هداد نﺎﮑﺗ تﻮﺒﺛ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ رد ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ

ﻪﺘﺴﺷ يرﺎﺟ بآ ﺎﺑ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ًادﺪﺠﻣ ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﺷ هﺪﺷ

ناﺰﯾوآ هﺮﯿﮔ ﺎﺑ و ﺪﺷ

.دﻮﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺎﺗ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ

) ﺲﻧﺎﺴﻨﯿﻣﻮﻟ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ ﺶﻨﮐاو ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ و (ECL

ﺎﺑ ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾﻪ ﻠﺤﺗو ﯿ ﻞ ﯽﻟﺎﮕﭼ ﯽﺠﻨﺳ مﺮﻧ ﺎﺑ راﺰﻓا

Image J

ﻪﺨﺴﻧ) 112 /0 /8 /1 ( هزاﺪﻧا ﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ )

20 (.

يرﺎﻣآ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ هداد ندﻮﺑ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﮐ يرﺎﻣآ نﻮﻣزآ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﺎﻫ

ﻮ فوﺮﮔﻮﻤﻟ فﻮﻧﺮﯿﻤﺳا-

ﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ1

هداد ندﻮﺑ لﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .ﺪ هداد ،ﺎﻫ

ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ

نﻮﻣزآ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﯽﮐﻮﺗ ﯽﺒﯿﻘﻌﺗ و ﻪﻫاﺮﮑﯾ ياﻮﻧآ يرﺎﻣآ يﺎﻫ

ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾﻪ ﻠﺤﺗو ﯿ ﻞ هداد ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ مﺮﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻫ

راﺰﻓا ﻪﺨﺴﻧSPSS

23 ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا 05

/0 دﻮﻤﻧ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ردP≤

مﺮﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻫرا ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﻞﺴﮐا راﺰﻓا

2019 ﯽﺣاﺮﻃ

.ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ يﺎﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﻓﺮﻄﮑﯾ ياﻮﻧآ يرﺎﻣآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﮥ

و (مﺮﮔ) نزو نﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﻗ

ﯽﻠﯿﻣ) ﯽﺳد ﺮﺑ مﺮﮔ لوﺪﺟ رد (ﺮﺘﯿﻟ

2 .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ توﺎﻔﺗ

يﺎﻫ ﻨﻌﻣ ﺎ راد ناﺰﯿﻣ رد

ﻪﺘﻔﻫ رد نﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﻗ و نزو يﺎﻫ

ﻢﺘﺸﻫ و لوا رد

ﻦﯿﺑ هوﺮﮔ ﺎﯾد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ،ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ و ﯽﺘﺑ

) ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ 05

/0

P≤

( لوﺪﺟ) 2 .(

رد ﯽﮐﻮﺗ ﯽﺒﯿﻘﻌﺗ نﻮﻣزآ ﮥﺘﻔﻫ

توﺎﻔﺗ (مﺮﮔ) نزو ناﺰﯿﻣ رد لوا ﻨﻌﻣ

ﺎ راد ي هوﺮﮔ ﻦﯿﺑ ار داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ يﺎﻫ

) 003 /0 (P=

. توﺎﻔﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻨﻌﻣ

ﺎ راد (مﺮﮔ) نزو رد

ﮥﺘﻔﻫ ﺖﻔﺟ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻢﺘﺸﻫ هوﺮﮔ

ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ يﺎﻫ ) ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﺑ

11 / 13 ﺪﺻرد

(ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ) 0001 /0 ( P=

هوﺮﮔ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و دﻮﺑ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ يﺎﻫ

) 0001 /0 (. P=

ﯽﻠﯿﻣ) نﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﻗ ناﺰﯿﻣ رد لوا ﻪﺘﻔﻫ رد ﯽﮐﻮﺗ ﯽﺒﯿﻘﻌﺗ نﻮﻣزآ ﯽﺳد ﺮﺑ مﺮﮔ

توﺎﻔﺗ (ﺮﺘﯿﻟ ﻨﻌﻣ

ﺎ راد ي هوﺮﮔ ﻦﯿﺑ ار ﯾد ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﺘﺑﺎ

ﻢﻟﺎﺳ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ )

0001 /0 ( P=

و ﻢﻟﺎﺳ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ )

0001 /0 ( P=

.داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻔﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ

توﺎ ﻨﻌﻣ ﺎ راد نﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﻗ

ﯽﻠﯿﻣ) ﯽﺳد ﺮﺑ مﺮﮔ رد (ﺮﺘﯿﻟ

ﮥﺘﻔﻫ ﺖﻔﺟ ﻦﯿﺑ رد ﻢﺘﺸﻫ هوﺮﮔ

ﺴﻧ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ يﺎﻫ هوﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒ

) ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ يﺎﻫ 10

/ 39 ﺪﺻرد ﮐ (ﺶﻫﺎ

) 0001 /0 ( P=

و ﻢﻟﺎﺳ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ )

0001 /0 ( P=

و ﺮﮔ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ هو

دﻮﺑ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ يﺎﻫ )

0001 /0 (. P=

لوﺪﺟ 2 . ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ نﻮﻣزآ رﺎﻣآ ي ياﻮﻧآ ﯾ ﮑ ﻓﺮﻄ ﮥ ناﺰﯿﻣ نزو ) مﺮﮔ ( و ﺪﻨﻗ نﻮﺧ ) ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺳد ﺮﺘﯿﻟ ( رد ﻦﯿﺑ هوﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ هوﺮﮔ

ﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ

دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا فاﺮﺤﻧا ﺎﻨﻌﻣ F

يراد

نزو ﺘﻔﻫ ﮥ لوا

(مﺮﮔ) ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ

00 / 284 62

/ 21 4

/ 004 8

/

0 3 /59 288/08 ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ

ﻢﻟﺎﺳ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ 67

/ 279 16

/ 2

نزو ﺘﻔﻫ ﮥ ﻢﺘﺸﻫ

(مﺮﮔ) ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ

75 / 345 90

/ 45 3

/ 0001 387

/

/ 300 94

/ 2

1. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (KS)

(9)

...ر 9 2

نﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﻗ ﺘﻔﻫ ﮥ لوا

) mg/dl ( ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ

33 / 246 80

/ 00 6

/ 0001 1242

/

/ 82 78

/ 1

نﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﻗ ﺘﻔﻫ ﮥ

ﻢﺘﺸﻫ ) mg/dl ( ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ

33 / 405 88

/ 00 4

/ 0001 7107

/

/ 85 58

/ 2

هداد ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ياﻮﻧآ يرﺎﻣآ نﻮﻣزآ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

- ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ،داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻓﺮﻄﮑﯾ نورد

ﺳ ﻟﻮﻠ ﯽ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ MAFbx ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺖﺸﻫ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ

،ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻦﯿﺑ

هوﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ ﭗﭼ ﻦﻄﺑ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ رد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﮥﻠﻀﻋ

ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ) داد نﺎﺸﻧ ار يراد

0001 /0 ﻞﮑﺷ) (P=

1 ، ﻒﻟا و ب .(

ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻦﯾا داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﮐﻮﺗ ﯽﺒﯿﻘﻌﺗ نﻮﻣزآ هوﺮﮔ ﺖﻔﺟ ﻦﯿﺑ راد

) ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ يﺎﻫ 41

(ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد

) 0001 /0 هوﺮﮔ ﺖﻔﺟ ﻦﯿﺑ ،(P=

) ﻢﻟﺎﺳ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ يﺎﻫ 004

/0 هوﺮﮔ ﺖﻔﺟ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و (P=

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ يﺎﻫ

ﻢﻟﺎﺳ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺖﺳا

) 0001 /0 ﻞﮑﺷ) (P=

1 ، ﻒﻟا و ب .(

ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ

نورد ﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﯽ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ

MuRF1

،ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺖﺸﻫ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ ﻦﯿﺑ

هوﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ ﭗﭼ ﻦﻄﺑ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ رد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﮥﻠﻀﻋ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ) داد نﺎﺸﻧ ار يراد

0001 /0 ﻞﮑﺷ) (P=

2 ، ﻒﻟا و ب ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻦﯾا داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﮐﻮﺗ ﯽﺒﯿﻘﻌﺗ نﻮﻣزآ .(

ﺖﻔﺟ ﻦﯿﺑ راد

هوﺮﮔ ) ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ يﺎﻫ 54

) (ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺻرد 0001

/0 هوﺮﮔ ﺖﻔﺟ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و (P=

ﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ يﺎﻫ ﻪ

) ﻢﻟﺎﺳ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ 0001

/0 هوﺮﮔ ﺖﻔﺟ ﻦﯿﺑ .ﺖﺳا (P=

ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ يﺎﻫ ) ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ يراد

63 /0 ﻞﮑﺷ) (P=

2 ، ﻒﻟا و ب .(

ﻞﮑﺷ 1 . ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ MAFbx هوﺮﮔ رد

درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

ﻒﻟا ( ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ تﻼﺑ نﺮﺘﺳو ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ

MAFbx ﺎﺘﺑ و

- ) ﻦﯿﺘﮐا -Actinβ ﻪﺑ ( ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ رد ﯽﻠﺧاد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ناﻮﻨﻋ

ب ( ﯽﻧﻮﺘﺳ رادﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ

ﺪﻨﻫد ة ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﻤﮐ ﺪﺷ ة ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ

MAFbx ﯽﻠﺧاد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد

ﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا *) ﺎ

ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ هوﺮﮔ ﻦﯿﺑ يراد ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد

(ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ هوﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ؛

) ﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا# ﺎ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ هوﺮﮔ ﻦﯿﺑ يراد ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد

ﮐ هوﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ (ﻢﻟﺎﺳ لﺮﺘﻨ

؛

¥) ﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﺎ

لﺮﺘﻨﮐ هوﺮﮔ ﻦﯿﺑ يراد ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد

(ﻢﻟﺎﺳ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ هوﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ

(10)

30

ﻞﮑﺷ 2 . ﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﮥ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ MuRF1 هوﺮﮔ رد

درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

ﻒﻟا ( ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ تﻼﺑ نﺮﺘﺳو ﺮﯾوﺎﺼﺗ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ

MuRF1 ﺎﺘﺑ و - ) ﻦﯿﺘﮐا -Actinβ ﻪﺑ ( ﯽﺒﻠﻗ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ رد ﯽﻠﺧاد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ناﻮﻨﻋ

ب ( ﯽﻧﻮﺘﺳ رادﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ

ﺪﻨﻫد ة دﺎﻘﻣ ﯾﺮ ﻤﮐ ﯽ ﺪﺷ ة ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻧﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ

MuRF1 ﯽﻠﺧاد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد

ﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا *) ﺎ

ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ هوﺮﮔ ﻦﯿﺑ يراد ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد

(ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ هوﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ؛

¥) ﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﺎ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ هوﺮﮔ ﻦﯿﺑ يراد ﯽﺘﺑﺎﯾد

(لﺮﺘﻨﮐ هوﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ

و ﺚﺤﺑ ﺘﻧ ﯿ ﻪﺠ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي

ﻮﺘﺤﻣ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ يا

MAFbx

ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺖﺸﻫ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا

ﯽﻣ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ، ﻦﯿﻤﻫ رد ؛ﺪﺑﺎﯾ

ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ

MuRF1

.ﺖﻓﺎﯾ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺰﯿﻧ

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾﺮﻤ