Power System Planning
Introduction
Chapter 1
By
Introduction
Turaj Amraee
Fall 2012
K.N.Toosi University of Technology
Outline Outline
11-- IntroductionIntroduction
22-- Power System ElementsPower System Elements
33-- Power System StructurePower System Structure
44-- Power System PlanningPower System Planning
55 PP SS S dS d TT S lS l
55-- Power System Studies, Power System Studies, Time Time SclaesSclaes
66-- Planning TypesPlanning Types
77 PlPl i H ii H i
77-- Planning HorizonsPlanning Horizons
88-- Planning Planning ProcessProcess
99 Planning ToolsPlanning Tools
99-- Planning ToolsPlanning ToolsIntroduction- Challenges g
High plant margins and extensive control facilities due to
Limited Sources - Growing Demand
supply follows demand philosophy .
Environmental concerns: global warming, greenhouse effect, acid rain, related air-borne pollution .
High fossil fuel cost and nuclear option into question
o
Three Mile Island (28 March 1979)
o
Chernobyl (26 April 1986
)Power System Elements y
A typical power system is comprised of enormous A typical power system is comprised of enormous
number of elements. The main elements are
Generation facilities
Generation facilities
Transmission facilities
– Substations
Substations
– Network (lines, cables)
Loads
Loads
Power System Structure y
Transmission (for example, 230 kV and higher)
Sub transmission (for example 63 132 kV
Low Voltage: < 1KV
M di V lt > 1KV 20 KV 11 KV 33KV
Sub-transmission (for example, 63, 132 kV
Distribution (for example, 20 kV and 400 V).
Medium Voltage: > 1KV: 20 KV, 11 KV, 33KV
High Voltage: 63KV, 132KV
Extra High Voltage: 230KV, 400KV
Ultra High Voltage: 765KV
Power System Planning y g
Power system operation:
Focuses on running the current situation, ED, UC g , ,
Power System Planning:
Focuses on the actions required for the future
Focuses on the actions required for the future.
Power System Planning y g
Power system planning is a process in which the aim is to decide on new as well as upgrading existing system elements, to adequately satisfy the loads for a foreseen future.
Where to allocate
When to install
What to select, element specifications
Power System Studies y
Economic Aspects
Technical Aspects
Planning Types g yp
Planning
Static
Planning Dynamic
Planning
Planning Planning
focuses on
planning for a single stage
focuses on
planning for all stage
Static Planning leads to impractical results
the solutions for a year cannot be independent from the preceding years.y p p g y Semistatic, semi-dynamic, quasi-static or quasi-dynamic
Planning Horizons g
Planning
Short
Term Long
Term
Term Term
1-3 years 3-10 years
LF GEP NEP VEP
LF
• Load Forecasting
GEP
• Generation Expansion Planning
NEP
• Network Expansion Planning
VEP
• Volt-Var Expansion Planning
Load Forecasting g
Sh T f i di di i h
LF is the first crucial step for any planning study
Short Term: for operation studies predicting the load for each hour of the coming week
L T f l i di l k l d
Long Term: for planning studies, annual peak loads
for next 10 years
Generation Expansion Planning p g
GEP : the next step is to determine the generation requirements to satisfy the load.
A i l l i P Pd P
What types of power plants to be installed (thermal gas turbine nuclear etc ) An simple solution Pg=Pd+Preserve
What types of power plants to be installed (thermal, gas turbine, nuclear,etc.)
Where to be installed (distributed among 5 specific buses, 10 specific buses, etc.)
What capacities to be constructed (5 *1000 MW, or 2 * 1000 MW and 6 * 500 MW, …)
When and how to be installed
Substation Expansion Planning p g
SEP
is the next step to determine the substation requirements, both, in terms of
Expanding the existing ones,
Installing some new ones
Installing some new ones.
9
Substation Type
9
Substation Location
Network Expansion Planning p g
NEP is the next step to determine the network NEP is the next step to determine the network (transmission lines, cables, etc.) specifications
As inputs to the NEP problem, GEP and SEP results are assumed to be known.
NEP is for 63kv and higher voltage level.
Reactive Power Planning
NEP is normally based on using Direct Current Load Flow (DCLF).
Upon running GEP, SEP and NEP, the network topology is determinedp g , , p gy
Where to install these devices?
What capacities do we have to employ?
Wh t t d h t ?
What types do we have to use?
Planning Tools and Programs g g
Matpower
• PF/OPF WASP
• GEP GAMS
• Optimization PF/OPF
• Editable *.m file
GEP
Optimization
