➨ 3 ❶ ༡ࢩࢼᾏၥ㢟⡿ᅜࡢᑐእᡓ␎
ᱵᮏ ဴஓ
ࡣࡌࡵ
ᅜຊఙ㛗ࡢⴭࡋ࠸୰ᅜࡣᾏὒ㐍ฟࢆᛴ࠸࡛࠾ࡾࠊᮾࢩࢼᾏࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࡛ࡣࡢἢᓊᅜࡢ㛫
࡛ᦶ᧿ࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ✏ࡣ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࠾ࡅࡿἢᓊᅜ㛫ࡢ⣮㆟↔Ⅼࢆ⤠ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡀ⡿ᅜࡢ ᑐእᡓ␎ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ពࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࢆ᥈ࢁ࠺ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨1⠇࡛༡ࢩࢼᾏ
ࢆᕠࡿ⣮㆟ࡢἢ㠉ࢆ㏙ࠊ➨2⠇࡛㏆ᖺ࠾ࡅࡿࡑࡢᒎ㛤ࢆ㎺ࡿࠋ➨3⠇࡛⡿ᅜࡢබᘧែᗘࢆ
グ㏙ࡋࡓᚋࠊ➨4⠇࡛⡿ᅜࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᅜ┈ࢆྠᐃࡋࠊࡑࡢほⅬࡽ༡ࢩࢼᾏၥ㢟ࡢព⩏ࢆ⪃ᐹ ࡍࡿࡇࡍࡿࠋ
㸯㸬༡ࢩࢼᾏၥ㢟
̿̿
ἢ㠉༡ࢩࢼᾏࡣఱࡼࡾࡶ㏻ၟ㊰ࡋ࡚ᯡせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᾏୖ㍺㏦ࡉࢀࡿၟᴗ≀㈨ࡣࠊ⥲ࢺࣥᩘࡋ࡚
⣙༙ศࠊ㈌ᖯ౯್ࡋ࡚⣙3ศࡢ1ࡀ༡ࢩࢼᾏࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ୰ࡣࠊ୰ᮾ᪉㠃ࡽ୰ᅜࡸ
᪥ᮏࠊ㡑ᅜ౪⤥ࡉࢀࡿ▼Ἔࡢ༙ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᮾࢪㅖᅜࡢ⤒῭≧ἣࡣࠊ⡿
ᅜࢆྵࡴୡ⏺యࡢ⤒῭㔜࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ༡ࢩࢼᾏࡀୡ⏺⤒῭ࡢࠕᆅ⌮ⓗ୰
ᚰࠖࡶ⛠ࡏࡽࢀࡿᡤ௨࡛࠶ࡿ1ࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏࡣ▼Ἔཬࡧኳ↛࢞ࢫᐩࡴࡉࢀࡿࠋ▼Ἔࡢᇙⶶ㔞ࡣ280൨ࣂࣞࣝ⮳1050 ൨ࣂࣞࣝぢࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ2ࠊ୰ᅜࡣ᭱⤊ⓗ1300൨ࣂࣞࣝ௨ୖࡢ⏕⏘ࡀྍ⬟࠸࠺᥎ィࡀ
࠶ࡾࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏࢆࠕ➨2ࡢ࣌ࣝࢩࣕ‴ࠖࡪ⪅ࡉ࠼࠸ࡿ3ࠋࡲࡓࠊኳ↛࢞ࢫࡢ᥎ᐃᇙⶶ㔞ࡘ
࠸࡚ࡣࠊ900❧᪉ࣇ࣮ࢺ࠸࠺ᩘᏐࡶᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ4ࠋࡉࡽࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏࡣ⁺ᴗ㈨※ࡶ
ᜨࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࠾ࡅࡿỈᥭࡆࡣࠊୡ⏺ࡢ⁺⋓㔞ࡢ⣙1ࢆ༨ࡵࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ5ࠋ ༡ࢩࢼᾏᏑᅾࡍࡿᓥᕋࠊᒾ♋➼ࡢ㡿᭷ᶒ⧳ࢃࡿἢᓊㅖᅜࡢᑐ❧ࡣࠊ1960ᖺ௦ᮎ㡭⾲㠃
ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᅜࠊྎ‴ࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡀࣃࣛࢭࣝ㸦すἋ㸧ㅖᓥཬࡧࢫࣉࣛࢺ࣮ࣜ㸦༡Ἃ㸧 ㅖᓥࡢయࡘ࠸࡚㡿᭷ᶒࢆᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊࢫࣉࣛࢺ࣮ࣜㅖᓥࡢ୍㒊ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࣈࣝࢿࠊ
࣐࣮ࣞࢩࠊࣇࣜࣆࣥࡶ㡿᭷ᶒࢆᙇࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࣉࣛࢱࢫ㸦ᮾἋ㸧ㅖᓥᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ୰
ᅜཬࡧྎ‴ࡀ㡿᭷ᶒࢆᙇࡋࠊ࣐ࢵࢡࣝࢬࣇ࣮ࣝࢻሁ㸦୰Ἃㅖᓥ㸧㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ୰ᅜࠊࣇࣜ
ࣆࣥࠊཬࡧྎ‴ࡼࡿ㡿᭷ᶒࡢᙇࡀ㘒ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᓥᕋࡢ㡿᭷ᶒࢆᕠࡿಀதࡣࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㈨※ࡸỈ⏘㈨※ࡢ⟶㎄ᶒࢆᕠࡿゅ㏲┤⤖ࡍࡿࠋᅜ 㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡼࡾࠊྛᅜࡢ㡿᭷ࡍࡿᓥᕋࡣࠊࡑࡢ࿘ᅖ200ᾏ㔛ཬࡪⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦ㸦EEZ㸧
ࢆタᐃࡍࡿᇶ♏࡞ࡾࠊࡉࡽࡣ200ᾏ㔛ࢆ㉸࠼࡚㝣Ჴࡢᘏఙࢆᙇࡍࡿᇶ♏࡞ࡾᚓࡿ
ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࣥࢻࢿࢩࡣᕋ♋ࡢ㡿᭷ᶒࡣᙇࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊྠᅜࡢᙇࡍࡿEEZࡣࠊ
୰ᅜࡀ⟶㎄ᶒࢆᙇࡍࡿᾏᇦ㔜࡞ࡿ㒊ศࡀ࠶ࡿ6ࠋ
୰ᅜࡣ 㡿᭷ ᶒࡢ ᙇ 㝿ࡋ࡚ ࠊṔྐ ୖࡢ ᰿ᣐ ࡉࢀ ࡿࡶࡢ ゝ ཬࡍ ࡿ ࠊࠕ ẁ⥺ࠖ
㸦nine-dashed line㸧ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࠕẁ⥺ࠖࡣ1947ᖺᅜẸᨻᗓࡢබᘧᆅᅗึࡵ
࡚⌧ࢃࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏࡢ⣙ 9 ࢆᅖ࠸㎸ࡴࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡓࡔࠊࠕẁ⥺ࠖࡢពࡍࡿ
ࡇࢁࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ᫂☜࡛࡞ࡃࠊࡑࡢෆഃࡣࡍ࡚୰ᅜࡢᶒࡀཬࡪ㡿ᅵཬࡧ㡿ᾏ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ❧ሙ ࡀ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ゎ㔘ࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡣ୰ᅜࡢ㡿᭷ࡍࡿ༡ࢩࢼᾏࡢᓥᕋࡽὴ⏕ࡍࡿ
㡿ᾏࠊEEZࠊཬࡧ㝣Ჴࡢእ⦕ࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ㐣ࡂ࡞࠸࠸࠺ゎ㔘ࡶ࠶ࡿ7ࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ୰ᅜࡣEEZ࠾ࡅࡿ⟶㎄ᶒ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙⊂⮬ࡢゎ㔘ࢆࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋἢ ᓊᅜࡣ㈨※ࡢ᥈ᰝࡸ㛤Ⓨಀࡿᶒࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊእᅜࡢ㌷άືつไࢆཬࡰࡍᶒࢆࡶ᭷
ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ8ࠋ2001 ᖺ㉳ࡇࡗࡓ⡿㟁Ꮚഄᐹᶵ୰ᅜᡓ㜚ᶵࡢ⾪✺௳ࡣࠊEEZ
ୖ✵࡛ࡢእᅜ㌷ࡼࡿሗ㞟ࡸカ⦎ࢆㄆࡵ࡞࠸࠸࠺୰ᅜࡢ❧ሙࡀᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࠾ࡅࡿἢᓊᅜࡢ⣮㆟ࡣࠊ㌷ຊࡢⓎື⧅ࡀࡗࡓࠋ୰ᅜࡣ 1974 ᖺࠊ༡࣋ࢺ ࢼ࣒㌷ᡓࡋ࡚ࣃࣛࢭࣝㅖᓥయࢆ༨㡿ࡋࠊ1988ᖺࡣ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒㌷ࢆᨷᧁࡋ࡚ࢫࣉࣛࢺ࣮ࣜ
ㅖᓥࡢࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥ㸦㉥⎩㸧♋ࢆ༨ᣐࡋࡓࠋࣇࣜࣆࣥࡀ㡿᭷ᶒࢆᙇࡍࡿࢫࣉࣛࢺ࣮ࣜㅖᓥࡢ
࣑ࢫࢳ࣮ࣇ㸦⨾῭㸧♋ࡶࠊ1995ᖺ୰ᅜࡢᨭ㓄ୗ⨨ࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࡣ1998ᖺ࣐࣮ࣞࢩࠊ 1999ᖺ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀಀத୰ࡢᕋ♋ࢆ༨㡿ࡍࡿ࠸࠺⾜Ⅽฟࡓ9ࠋ
࣑ࢫࢳ࣮ࣇ♋௳ࡣ༡ࢩࢼᾏၥ㢟࡛ᮾ༡ࢪㅖᅜ㐃ྜ㸦ASEAN㸧ࡀ㞟ᅋ⾜ືࢆྲྀࡿࡁࡗ
ࡅ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ2002ᖺࡣࠊ୰ᅜASEANㅖᅜࡢ㛫࡛ࠕ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࠾ࡅࡿ㛵ಀᅜ ࡢ⾜ື㛵ࡍࡿᐉゝࠖࡀ⨫ྡࡉࢀࡓࠋࠕ⾜ືᐉゝࠖࡣࠕ⯟⾜ཬࡧୖ✵㣕⾜ࡢ⮬⏤ࠖࡢಖ㞀ࠊᖹ
ⓗᡭẁࡼࡿ㡿᭷ᶒၥ㢟ࡢゎỴࠊ↓ேᓥᕋࡢ᭷ே⮬ไࠊἲⓗᣊ᮰ຊࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࠕ⾜ືつ⠊ࠖ
ࡢ᥇ᢥྥࡅࡓ༠ຊ➼ࢆㅻࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ10ࠋࡋࡋࠊ୰ᅜࡣࡑࡢᚋࡶ⣮㆟ࢆከᅜ㛫࡛ฎ⌮
ࡍࡿࡇ㞴Ⰽࢆ♧ࡋࠊࠕ⾜ືつ⠊ࠖࡢ⟇ᐃࡶᐜ᫆ྠㄪࡋ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
㸰㸬༡ࢩࢼᾏၥ㢟
̿̿
㏆ᖺࡢືྥࠕ⾜ືᐉゝࠖࡢྜពࡼࡗ࡚㙠㟼ࡋࡓぢ࠼ࡓ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࠾ࡅࡿ⣮㆟ࡣࠊ2007ᖺ㡭ࡽ
ࡧ῝้࡞ࡗࡓ11ࠋࡑࡢ⫼ᬒࡋ࡚ࡣࠊἢᓊྛᅜࡢ⤒῭ᡂ㛗క࠺▼Ἔ࣭࢞ࢫ㟂せࡢቑ᥇
᥀ᢏ⾡ࡢྥୖࠊୡ⏺ⓗ࡞㨶㢮㟂せࡢቑཬࡧἢᓊᇦࡢ㈨※ᯤῬࡼࡿ⁺ᴗ⪅㛫ࡢ➇த⃭ࠊࡑ
ࢀࡽ୪⾜ࡋ࡚㉳ࡇࡗࡓἢᓊྛᅜ࠾ࡅࡿẸ᪘⩏ࡢ᪸ᥭ࠸ࡗࡓⅬࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ12ࠋࡉࡽࠊ
㝣Ჴᘏఙࡢ⏦ㄳᮇ㝈ࡀ2009ᖺ5᭶タᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡽࠊἢᓊྛᅜࡣ࠸ᅜࡼ
ࡿ㡿᭷ᶒࠊ⟶㎄ᶒࡢᙇ␗㆟ࢆၐ࠼ࡿᙉ࠸ㄏᅉࢆᢪ࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ13ࠋ
ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ୰࡛ࠊ≉୰ᅜࡢᶒᙇࡀᙉ◳࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ୰ᅜࡣࡢἢᓊᅜࡢ㛫࡛⟶㎄
ᶒࡢᙇࡀ㔜࡞ࡿᾏᇦᾏୖἲᇳ⾜ᶵ㛵ࡢ┘ど⯪ࢆ✚ᴟⓗᒎ㛤ࡋࠊእᅜᴗࡼࡿ▼Ἔ࣭࢞
ࢫࡢ᥈ᰝࡸእᅜ⁺⯪ࡢ᧯ᴗࢆ㜼Ṇࡍࡿጼໃࢆᙉࡵࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୰ᅜࡢືྥࡣࠊ୰ᅜᾏ
㌷ࡢ⯡ⓗ࡞⬟ຊቑࠊࡑࡋ࡚㐲⯟カ⦎ࡢάⓎࡸᾏ༡ᓥ࠾ࡅࡿᇶᆅᘓタࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ༡ࢩࢼᾏ
࡛ࡢᐇᅾ㸦ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢫ㸧ᣑࡶ┦ಗࡗ࡚ࠊࡢἢᓊᅜṆࡲࡽࡎࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏࢆ⏝ࡍࡿከࡃ ࡢᅜࠎᠱᛕࢆ⏕ࡌࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
୰ᅜࡣ⡿ᅜࡑࡢእᅜࡢᴗᑐࡋࠊ୰ᅜࡢྲྀᘬᝏᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋࡓࡃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ
࣒ᥦᦠࡋ࡚ࡢ᥈㖔సᴗࢆ୰Ṇࡍࡿࡼ࠺せồࡋጞࡵࡓ14ࠋ୰ᅜᙜᒁࡼࡿእᅜ⁺⯪㸦ࡋ࡚
࣋ࢺࢼ࣒⁺⯪㸧ࡢᣡᤕࡣࠊ2008ᖺࡽ2009ᖺࡅ࡚ⴭࡋࡃቑຍࡋࡓ15ࠋ2009ᖺ3᭶ࡣࠊ ᾏ༡ᓥἈ࡛⡿ᾏ㌷ࡢ㡢㡪ほ Ⰴࠕࣥ࣌ࢵ࢝ࣈࣝࠖࡢ⾜ືࢆ୰ᅜ⯪5㞘ࡀጉᐖࡍࡿ࠸࠺௳
ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࠊEEZ࠾ࡅࡿእᅜ㌷ࡢάືࢆつไࡍࡿᶒࢆᕠࡿ⡿୰ࡢ┦㐪ࡀᨵࡵ࡚ᾋࡁ᙮ࡾ࡞
ࡗࡓࠋ࣐࣮ࣞࢩࡀᐇຠᨭ㓄ࡍࡿࢫ࣮࣡ࣟ㸦ᙎ㸧♋㏆࡛ࠊ୰ᅜࡢ┘ど⯪࣐࣮ࣞࢩ㌷ࡢ Ⰴ⯪࣭⯟✵ᶵࡀᑐᓖࡋࡓࡢࡣ2010ᖺ4᭶࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ୰ᅜࡢ┘ど⯪ࡣ2011ᖺ3᭶ࠊࣇࣜࣆ
ࣥ㏆ᾏࡢ࣮ࣜࢻሁ࡛ࣇࣜࣆࣥࡢ㈨※ㄪᰝ⯪ࢆ⌧ሙࡽ㏣࠸㐵ࡾࠊ5᭶ࡣ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒Ἀ࡛࣋ࢺ ࢼ࣒㈨※ㄪᰝ⯪ࡢ᥈ᰝࢣ࣮ࣈࣝࢆษ᩿ࡋࡓࠋ
୰ᅜࠊࣇࣜࣆࣥࠊྎ‴ࠊ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡢྛᅜࡣ 2012 ᖺࠊࣃࣛࢭࣝㅖᓥཬࡧࢫࣉࣛࢺ࣮ࣜㅖᓥ
ᑐࡍࡿ㡿᭷ᶒࡢᙇࢆᙉࡍࡿᥐ⨨ࢆྲྀࡗࡓ16ࠋࡲࡓࠊ࣐ࢵࢡࣝࢬࣇ࣮ࣝࢻሁྵࡲࢀࡿ
ࢫ࣮࢝࣎ࣟ♋㸦㯤ᒾᓥ㸧࡛ࡣࠊ2012ᖺ4᭶௨㝆ࠊ୰ᅜࣇࣜࣆࣥࡢⰄ⯪ࡀᑐᓖࢆ⥆ࡅࡓࡀࠊ 6᭶ࣇࣜࣆࣥ⯪ࡀ᧔ࡋࡓࡢᑐࡋࠊ୰ᅜ⯪ࡣ᧔ࢆᣄࢇࡔࠋࢫ࣮࢝࣎ࣟ♋࡛ࡢ╮ࡳྜ࠸
ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡼࡿ㡿᭷ᶒࡢᙇࡀᐇ㉁ⓗᣑࡍࡿࡇࢆពࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᚑ᮶ࠊ୰ᅜࡣ ࢫ࣮࢝࣎ࣟ♋㏆㎶࡛ᣢ⥆ⓗ࡞ᐇᅾࢆ㐩ᡂࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀ௨㝆ࡣ୰ᅜࡢⰄ⯪ࡀ᩿⥆ⓗ࡞
ᐇᅾࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ17ࠋ
2012ᖺ6᭶ࠊ୰ᅜࡣࢫࣉࣛࢺ࣮ࣜㅖᓥࠊࣃࣛࢭࣝㅖᓥࠊཬࡧ࣐ࢵࢡࣝࢬࣇ࣮ࣝࢻሁࡢᓥᕋ
ࢆ⟶㎄ࡍࡿࠕ୕Ἃᕷࠖࡢタ⨨ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚7᭶ࡣࠊ୕Ἃᕷ㔜せᣐⅬࡢ㜵⾨ࢆᢸᙜࡍ
ࡿࠕ㆙ഛ༊ࠖࢆタ⨨ࡍࡿィ⏬ࡀᢎㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࡇࢁࠊ୰ᅜࡢᅜ᭷ᴗࡣࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏࡢಀதᾏᇦ࡛ࡣ▼Ἔࡢ᥇᥀ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡇ࡞
ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ2012ᖺ6᭶ࠊ୰ᅜᾏὒ▼Ἔ⥲බྖ㸦CNOOC㸧ࡣࠊ⟶㎄ᶒࡢᙇࡀ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒
㔜࡞ࡿᾏᇦࡢ㖔༊ࢆእᅜᴗࡢඹྠ㛤Ⓨᥦ౪ࡍࡿⓎ⾲ࡋࠊ8᭶ࡣࣃࣛࢭࣝㅖᓥ㏆ഐࡢ 㖔༊ࢆ➇தධᮐࡅࡓࠋ୰ᅜᴗࡣ㐲ࡽࡎ༡ࢩࢼᾏࡢ୰㒊ࠊ༡㒊࡛ࡢヨ᥀ࡶࡾฟࡍ
ࡶ▱ࢀࡎࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓሙྜࠊࡑࢀࡣ୰ᅜᨻᗓࡼࡿ㡿᭷ᶒࡢᙇࢆ⿵ᙉࡍࡿࡶࡢ⨨ࡅࡽࢀ
ࡼ࠺ࠋ2012ᖺ5᭶ࠊCNOOCࡢ㛗ࡣࠊ᥀㛓⨨ࢆࠕ⛣ືᘧ㡿ᅵࠖ㸦mobile national territory㸧ࠊ ࠕᡓ␎ⓗᡭẁࠖ㸦strategic instrument㸧ࢇࡔఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ࣮ࣜࢻሁ㏆ࡢ ᾏᗏࡣከ㔞ࡢኳ↛࢞ࢫࡀ╀ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡇࢁࡽࠊࡑࢀࢆᕠࡗ࡚୰ᅜࣇࣜࣆ
ࣥࡢத࠸ࡀ⏕ࡎࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿ18ࠋ
㸱㸬⡿ᅜࡢබᘧែᗘ
༡ࢩࢼᾏၥ㢟ᑐࡍࡿ⡿ᅜࡢබᘧែᗘࡣࠊ㸦1㸧㡿᭷ᶒࡢத࠸ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣఱࢀࡢἢᓊᅜࢆࡶᨭ ᣢࡏࡎࠊ୰❧ࢆሀᣢࡍࡿࠊ㸦2㸧⣮㆟ࡢᖹⓗ࡞ゎỴࢆᙇࡋࠊከᅜ㛫࡛ࡢฎ⌮ࢆዡບࡍࡿࠊ㸦3㸧 ࠕ⯟⾜ࡢ⮬⏤ࠖཬࡧEEZ࠾ࡅࡿ㌷άືࡢᶒࢆ᧦ㆤࡍࡿ̿̿࠸࠺ලྜせ⣙ࡋᚓࡿࠋ
2010ᖺ7᭶ࠊࢡࣜࣥࢺࣥᅜົ㛗ᐁࡣASEANᆅᇦࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛ㸦ARF㸧ฟᖍࡢࡓࡵゼࢀࡓࣁࣀ
࡛グ⪅ぢࡋࠊ⡿ᅜࡀ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࠾ࡅࡿࠕ⯟⾜ࡢ⮬⏤ࠖࠊࠕᾏὒඹ᭷ᆅࠖ㸦maritime commons㸧 ࡢ⮬⏤࡞⏝ࠊཬࡧࠕᅜ㝿ἲࡢᑛ㔜ࠖࢆࠕᅜ┈ࠖ┳ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᪨ࢆ᫂ゝࡋࡓࠋ⡿ᅜࡋ࡚ࠕ㝣 ᆅ㛵ࡍࡿ➇ྜࡍࡿ㡿᭷ᶒㄽ㆟࠾࠸࡚ఱࢀࡢ⫪ࢆᣢࡘࡇࡶࡋ࡞࠸୍ࠖ᪉࡛ࠊ㡿᭷ᶒಀࡿ
⣮㆟ࢆࠕᙉせ࡞ࡋࠖゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᙜᅜࡼࡿࠕ༠ㄪⓗ࡞እ㐣⛬ࠖࢆᨭᣢࡋࠊዴఱ࡞ࡿ
ᙜᅜࡼࡿࠕṊຊࡢ⾜ࡲࡓࡣጾᄐࠖࡶᑐࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊASEANཬࡧ୰ᅜࡼࡿ2002 ᖺࡢࠕ⾜ືᐉゝࠖࢆᨭᣢࡋࠊᙜᅜࡀࠕ⾜ືつ⠊࡛ࠖྜពࡍࡿࡼ࠺ዡບࡍࡿ̿̿ࡢ❧ሙࢆ⾲
᫂ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ19ࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒࡢጼໃࡣࠊࡑࡢᚋࡶ୍㈏ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ୍ࢆᣲࡆࢀࡤࠊ2012ᖺ7
᭶ࣉࣀ࡛ࣥ࣌ࣥ㛤ࢀࡓ ARF ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࢡࣜࣥࢺࣥᅜົ㛗ᐁࡣࠕ⯟⾜ࡢ⮬⏤ࠖࠊࠕᖹᏳ ᐃࡢ⥔ᣢࠖࠊࠕᅜ㝿ἲࡢᑛ㔜ࠖࠊࠕ㞀ᐖ࡞ࡁྜἲ㏻ၟࠖࢆࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࠾ࡅࡿ⡿ᅜࡢࠕᅜ┈ࠖ⾲
⌧ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡶ⡿ᅜࡀࠕ㝣ᆅᑐࡍࡿ➇ྜࡍࡿ㡿᭷ᶒᙇ㛵ࡋ࡚ࠝ≉ᐃࡢࠞ❧ሙࢆ
ྲྀࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࠊࡲࡓᙜᅜࡣ⣮㆟ࢆࠕᙉせ࡞ࡋࠖࠊࠕጾᄐ࡞ࡋࠖࠊࠕ⬣㏕࡞ࡋࠖࠊ ࠕṊຊ⾜࡞ࡋࠖゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵࠕ༠ㄪⓗࠖୟࡘࠕእⓗࠖྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡁࡇࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡑࡢୖ࡛ࠊࢡࣜࣥࢺࣥࡣࠕ⾜ືᐉゝࠖࡢ⢭⚄ཬࡧලయⓗෆᐜࡢ㑂Ᏺࢆッ࠼ࠊᣊ᮰ຊ࠶ࡿࠕ⾜ື
つ⠊ࠖࡢ⟇ᐃࢆಁࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ20ࠋ
ࠕ⯟⾜ࡢ⮬⏤ࠖཬࡧEEZࡢᛶ᱁ࡢ㛵㐃࡛ࠊ⡿ᅜࡣ≉୰ᅜࡢᶒᙇၥࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
࣐࣮ࢩ࢙ࣝᅜົḟᐁ⿵௦⌮ࡣ2009ᖺ5 ᭶ࡢ㆟ドゝ࡛ࠊࠕ㡿ᅵ࡛࠶ࡿ㝣ᆅࡽὴ⏕ࡋ࡞࠸“㡿
ᾏ”ࡲࡓࡣఱࡽࡢᾏὒ༊ᇦࡢᙇࠖࠕᠱᛕࢆᢪ࠸࡚ࠖ࠸ࡿ㏙ࠊࡿᙇࡣࠕᅜ㝿ἲ
ྜ⮴ࡋ࡞࠸᩿ࠖࡌࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕࣥ࣌ࢵ࢝ࣈࣝࠖ௳࡛๓㠃ฟࡓࠊ⮬ᅜࡢEEZෆ࡛እᅜ
㌷ࡢάືࢆไ㝈ࡋᚓࡿࡍࡿ୰ᅜࡢぢゎࡣࠊࠕᅜ㝿ἲࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖㄽᐃࡋࡓࠋࡉ
ࡽࠊ࣐࣮ࢩ࢙ࣝゝࢃࡏࢀࡤࠊ୰ᅜࡢᶒᙇࡣࠕከࡢ᭕ࡉࠖࡀకࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢᑐ
㇟࡞ࡿᾏᇦࡢ⢭☜࡞ቃ⏺ࡶࠊࡑࢀࡀᾏᇦయࢆ㡿ᾏࡍࡿᙇ࡞ࡢࠊᡈ࠸ࡣ㣬ࡃࡲ࡛㝣ᆅ
ࡢ㛵ಀ࠾ࡅࡿ㡿ᾏࡢᙇ࡞ࡢࡍࡽࡶ᫂ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓ21ࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊྠࡌࡃ2009ᖺ5᭶㆟࡛ࢩ࢙࣮ᅜ㜵ḟᐁ⿵௦⌮ࡀドゝࡋࡓࡇࢁࡼࢀࡤࠊᅜ 㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ᫎࡉࢀࡓ័⩦ᅜ㝿ἲࡣࠊࡍ࡚ࡢᅜᑐࡋ࡚EEZෆ࠾ࡅࡿ⯟⾜ཬࡧୖ✵㣕
⾜ࡢ⮬⏤ࢆಖドࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ࡀ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓ 1982 ᖺ௨᮶ࠊ⡿ᅜࡣ୍㈏ࡋ࡚ࠕEEZ ෆ࡛㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿ⯟⾜ࡢᶒཬࡧ⮬⏤ࡣࠊእὒ࠾࠸࡚㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿᶒཬࡧ⮬⏤㉁ⓗཬࡧ㔞ⓗ
ྠ୍࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࠸࠺❧ሙࢆྲྀࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࠸࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ22ࠋ
ࢡࣜࣥࢺࣥᅜົ㛗ᐁࡀୖグࣁࣀ࡛ࡢⓎゝ࡛ࠊᙜᅜࡣ㡿᭷ᶒࠊ⟶㎄ᶒࡢᙇࢆᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ ᮲⣙๎ࡗ࡚㏣ồࡍࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ㏙ࡿྠࠊ័⩦ᅜ㝿ἲᚑ࠼ࡤࠊᾏᇦᑐࡍࡿࠕṇᙜ
࡞ࠝ⟶㎄ᶒࡢࠞᙇࠖࡣࠊ㝣ᆅᑐࡍࡿࠕṇᙜ࡞ࠝ㡿᭷ᶒࡢࠞᙇࠖࡽὴ⏕ࡍࡿ㔥ࢆ่ࡋ ࡓࡢࡣ23ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⫼ᬒࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ᙉ◳ࡉࢆቑࡍ୰ᅜࡢᶒᙇᑐࡍࡿ⡿ᅜᨻᗓࡢ㆙ᡄࡣࠊ2012ᖺ8᭶᪂ࡓ࡞ẁ㝵㐩ࡋࡓࠋ ᅜົ┬ࡀሗ㐨ᐁ௦⾜ྡ࡛ኌ᫂ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࠊࠕ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࠾ࡅࡿ⥭ᙇࡢቑຍࠖࠕᠱᛕࠖࢆ⾲᫂
ࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊ≉୕Ἃᕷࡢ⾜ᨻᶵ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡢ᪼᱁ཬࡧಀத༊ᇦࢆ⟶㎄ࡍࡿࠕ᪂㥔ᒡᆅࠖࡢタ⨨
ゝཬࡋࠊࠕ┦㐪ࢆゎỴࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ༠ㄪⓗ࡞እດຊ㏫⾜ࡋࠊᆅᇦ࠾ࡅࡿ⥭ᙇࢆࡉࡽቑ
ࡉࡏࡿࠖࡶࡢㄽホࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ24ࠋ⡿ᅜࡀ༡ࢩࢼᾏၥ㢟ࡢᙜᅜࡢ୰ࠊ1 ᅜࢆྡᣦࡋࡋ࡚
ᢈุࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊࡇࢀࡀึࡵ࡚࡛࠶ࡗࡓ25ࠋ
ࡑࡢ㛫ࠊ⡿ᅜࡣእ࣭Ᏻಖ㞀ᨻ⟇ࡢࢪࠕ᪕ᅇࠖ㸦pivot㸧ࢆᡴࡕୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ2012ᖺ 1
᭶⟇ᐃࡉࢀࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞ᅜ㜵ᡓ␎ᣦ㔪࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⡿㌷ᒎ㛤ࡢ㔜ᚰࢆࠕࢪኴᖹὒᆅᇦྥࡅ
࡚ㄪᩚࡍࡿࠖ᪨ࡀ⾲᫂ࡉࢀࡓ26ࠋᾏර㝲ࡀᕞ㒊ᚠ⎔ᐇᅾࡋࠊࡲࡓࢩ࣏࣮ࣥ࢞ࣝࡣἢ ᓊᡓ㜚Ⰴࡀᚠ⎔ᒎ㛤ࡍࡿ㐠ࡧ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࠊࣇࣜࣆࣥ➼ࡢ㜵⾨༠ຊࡶ㐍ᒎࢆぢࡏ࡚
ࡁࡓ27ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⡿ᅜࡢᨻ⟇ᒎ㛤ࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࠾ࡅࡿ୰ᅜࡢືྥࢆ≌ไࡍࡿ≺࠸ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࡇࡣ᫂ⓑ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
㸲㸬⡿ᅜࡢᑐእᡓ␎ࡢ㛵ಀ
᭱㏆⮳ࡾࠊ⡿ᅜࡀ༡ࢩࢼᾏࢆᕠࡿ୰ᅜࡢືྥ⚄⤒ࢆᑤࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊࡑࡇ⮬ࡽࡢᑐ እᡓ␎ᑐࡍࡿ㔜࡞ᣮᡓࡀ₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡇࢆ┳ྲྀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
⡿ᅜࡢእ࣭Ᏻಖ㞀ᨻ⟇࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᩛᛶࡢᅜᐙࡸࡑࡢ㐃ྜࡼࡿḢᕞࡑࡢᮾ༙⌫࠾
ࡅࡿ㔜せᆅᇦࡢᨭ㓄ࢆ㜼ࡴࡇࡀᯡせ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋḢள㝣ࡀᩛᑐ㝕Ⴀࡼࡗ࡚ไࡏࡽ
ࢀࡿ࠸ࡗࡓែࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓሙྜࠊ⡿ᅜࡢ㔜どࡍࡿᅜ㝿⤒῭ࡢ㛤ᨺᛶࡀ༴ᶵℜࡍࡿࡤࡾ࡛
࡞ࡃࠊ⡿ᅜࡣ⮬ࡽࡼࡾࡶேཱྀࠊ㈨※࠾࠸࡚㐶ඃ㉺ࡍࡿ┦ᡭྥࡁྜ࠺ࡇࢆవ࡞ࡃࡉ
ࢀࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ28ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ➨ 2ḟୡ⏺ᡓᚋࡢ⡿ᅜࡣࠊḢள㝣ࡢ⦕㎶⨨ࡍࡿㅖᅜ
ྠ┕᮲⣙ࢆ⥾⤖ࡋࠊྠ┕ᅜ᰾ᡓຊࡼࡿࠕᣑᢚṆࠖࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿྠࠊ⡿㌷ࢆつᶍ
ࠕ๓᪉ᒎ㛤ࠖࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ࢪ࣭ኴᖹὒど㔝ࢆ㝈ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࣈࢵࢩࣗ㸦∗㸧ᨻᶒࡢ࣮࣮࣋࢝ᅜົ㛗ᐁࡀ㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ
⡿ᅜࡢఏ⤫ⓗ࡞ᅜ┈ࡣ̿̿ࠕၟᴗୖࡢᶒࢆಖᣢࡍࡿࠖࡇ୪ࢇ࡛̿̿ࠕ⡿ᅜ୪ࡧࡑࡢྠ
┕ᅜཬࡧዲᅜᩛᑐⓗ࡞ዴఱ࡞ࡿ༢୍ࡢぞᶒⓗ࡞ᅜᐙࡲࡓࡣࠝᅜᐙࡢࠞ㐃ྜࡢฟ⌧ࢆࡶ㜵Ṇ ࡍࡿࠖࡇつᐃࡋᚓࡓ29ࠋ⡿ᅜࡣ᪥ᮏࠊ㡑ᅜࠊࣇࣜࣆࣥࠊᕞࠊཬࡧࢱࡢྠ┕㛵ಀࠊ ࡑࡢࡢᅜࠎࡢᥦᦠ㛵ಀࠊࡑࡋ࡚୰ᅜࡢ㛵ᨻ⟇ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊࡢᇦෆᅜࡼࡿᆅᇦぞᶒࡢ
㏣ồࢆࡶᢚ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⡿ᅜࡀᑐእᨻ⟇࠾ࡅࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞┈ᐃࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢከࡃࡣࠊ➨㸰ḟୡ⏺ᡓᚋࡢ⮬⏤
⩏ⓗ㸦ࣜ࣋ࣛࣝ㸧࡞ᅜ㝿⛛ᗎࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿㅖ✀ࡢつ๎ࠊつ⠊⧊ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ࠼ࡤࠊᅜ㐃 ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙ྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀࡓࠕ⯟⾜ࡢ⮬⏤ࠖࡢಖ㞀ࡣࠊ㛤ᨺⓗ࡞ᅜ㝿⤒῭ࡢ⥔ᣢࡸḢள㝣
ࡢ㌷ⓗ࡞㛵ᚲ㡲⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᅜ㐃᠇❶┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡓṊຊ⾜ࡸࡑࡢጾᄐࡢཎ
๎⚗Ṇࡣࠊ㔜せᆅᇦ࠾ࡅࡿໃຊᆒ⾮ࡢᣮᡓࢆᢚไࡍࡿຠᯝࢆ᭷ࡍࡿゝࡗ࡚ࡼࡗࡓࠋ 㸨
ࡇࢁࡀࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࠾ࡅࡿ୰ᅜࡢᶒᙇࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡼࡿᆅᇦぞᶒࡢ☜❧⧅ࡀࡿせ
⣲ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ୰ᅜ㸦ࡢᙇࡍࡿ㸧EEZ ෆ࡛ሗ㞟ࡀฟ᮶࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓሙྜࠊ
୰ᅜࡢ㌷ືྥࢆ┘どࡍࡿ⡿ᅜࡢ⬟ຊࡣῶ㏥ࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸30ࠋࡲࡓࠊ๓᪉ᒎ㛤ࡋࡓ⡿㌷ࡼ
ࡿ̿̿ᡈ࠸ࡣᆅᇦࡢྠ┕ᅜࠊᥦᦠᅜඹྠࡋ࡚ࡢ̿̿カ⦎ࡶ῝้࡞ไ⣙ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ
୰ᅜᾏ㌷ࡀ̿̿ࠕ❧ධ㜼ᐖࠖ㸦anti-access㸧⬟ຊࡢ☜❧ࢆ║ࡋ࡚̿̿ᣑࢆ⥆ࡅࡿ୰࡛ࠊ ௬⡿ᅜࡀࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ែࢆ⏑ཷࡍࡿ㸦ཷࡅྲྀࡽࢀࡿ㸧ࡼ࠺࡞ࡇࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊྠ┕ᅜࠊᥦ ᦠᅜࡢ㜵⾨㛵ࡍࡿ⡿ᅜࡢ⣙᮰ࡣಙ㢗ࡀᢪࡅ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ≉ᮾ༡ࢪㅖᅜࡣࠕࣇࣥࣛ
ࣥࢻࠖࡢ㐨ࢆ㎺ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸31ࠋ
୰ᅜࡀ༡ࢩࢼᾏぞࢆၐ࠼ࡿࡇ࡞ࢀࡤࠊ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㈨※ࢆྵࡵࠊࡑࡇࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿ≀㈨
ࡁࡃ౫Ꮡࡍࡿ᪥ᮏࡸ㡑ᅜࢆᙉせࡋࠊᡈ࠸ࡣࡑࡢᏙ❧ࢆᅗࡿࡇࡶヨࡳࡽࢀࡼ࠺32ࠋࢪ
࠾ࡅࡿᆅᇦぞᶒࢆ㐩ᡂࡋࡓ୰ᅜࡗ࡚ࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏࡣ⡿ᅜࡗ࡚ࡢࠕᣑ࢝ࣜࣈᾏࠖ┦ᙜ ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡿ➻࡛࠶ࡾ33ࠊࡑ࠺࡞ࡗࡓᬡࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡣᅜࡼࡿ⮬ࡽࡢࠕໃຊᅪࠖࡢ⤒῭
㐍ฟࢆࡶ㜼ࡶ࠺ࡍࡿ୰ᅜ∧ࠕ࣮ࣔࣥࣟ⩏ࠖࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸34ࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࡀ⌧ᐇࡢࡶࡢ࡞ࡗࡓሙྜࠊୡ⏺యࡢໃຊᆒ⾮ࡶ⤯࡞ᙳ㡪ࡀ⌧ࢀࡿ࡛
࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡎࠊ㏻ၟ㊰ࡋ࡚ࡢ༡ࢩࢼᾏࡢ㔜せᛶ㚷ࡳࢀࡤࠊࡇࡇᨭ㓄ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇࡣࠊୡ
⏺⤒῭ࡢ㤳᰿ࡗࡇࢆᢲࡉ࠼ࡿࡇ➼ࡋ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏࡢไᅽࡣࠊࣥࢻ࿘㎶୍㐃ࡢᣐ
Ⅼࢆ☜ಖࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠕ┿⌔ࡢ㤳㣭ࡾࠖᡓ␎┦ಗࡗ࡚ࠊ୰ᅜᾏ㌷ࡢࣥࢻὒ㐍ฟᐤࡍࡿ
ぢࡽࢀࡿ35ࠋࡉࡽࠊࠕᣑ࢝ࣜࣈᾏࠖࡢไぞࡣࠊ⡿ᅜᑐࡋ࡚す༙⌫ࡢᨭ㓄ࢆྍ⬟ࡋࡓࡢ
ࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࡸࡀ࡚ࡣᮾ༙⌫࠾ࡅࡿໃຊศᕸࢆᕥྑࡍࡿຊࢆࡶ࠼ࡓࡀࠊ୰ᅜࡀ༡ࢩࢼᾏࢆࠕໃ ຊᅪࠖ⤌ࡳ㎸ࢇࡔ㝿ࡣࠊࡑࢀ㢮ఝࡢࡇࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ36ࠋ
ణࡋࠊ୰ᅜࡼࡿ༡ࢩࢼᾏࡢᨭ㓄ࡀࢪࢆ㉸࠼ࡓໃຊศᕸ࠼ࡿ⾪ᧁࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ␃ಖ ࡀࡅࡽࢀᚓࡿࠋ୰ᅜࡀᆅᇦぞᶒࡢ☜❧㏆࡙࠸ࡓࡋ࡚ࡶࠊḢᕞࠊ୰ᮾࠊ᪥ᮏࠊࣥࢻࠊཬ ࡧࣟࢩࡀ⊂❧ࡋࡓຊࡢ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡾ⥆ࡅࠊࡲࡓࡣ⡿ᅜࡢᙳ㡪ୗṆࡲࡿ࠸࠺≧ἣ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ
୰ᅜࡀ̿̿෭ᡓᮇࡢࢯ㐃ࡢࡼ࠺̿̿Ḣள㝣ࡢໃຊᆒ⾮ࢆ⬣ࡍࡇࡣ࡞࠸37ࠋࡲࡓࠊ୰ᅜ ࡣෆ㝣࠾ࡅࡿ₯ᅾⓗ࡞ᩛᑐᅜࢆព㆑ࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓࡎࠊᾏὒࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㌷ຊࢆᢞᑕࡍࡿែໃࢆᣑ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡣከࡢᅔ㞴ࡀక࠺࡛࠶ࢁ࠺38ࠋࡓࡔࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ␃ಖࡢᙇࡶࠊ⡿ᅜࡀᆅᇦ
࠾ࡅࡿ̿̿≉᪥ᮏࡢ̿̿ྠ┕㛵ಀࢆሀᣢࡋࠊࡲࡓ๓᪉ᒎ㛤ࡍࡿ⡿㌷ࡢᡓຊࡀᙉࡉࢀࡿ
࠸࠺๓ᥦࡢୗ࡛࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸨
୰ᅜࡼࡿᆅᇦぞᶒࡢ㏣ồࡣࠊ⡿ᅜࡀࢪࡢྠ┕ᅜᥦ౪ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ᰾රჾࡼࡿᣑᢚ
ṆࢆࡇࡢⅬ࡛᥀ࡾᔂࡍࡇࡀᚲせ࡞ࡿࡀࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏၥ㢟ࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓḟඖࢆࡶᏎࢇࡔࡶ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
୰ᅜࡀ༡ࢩࢼᾏࡢ㐍ฟࢆᅗࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠊ⡿ᅜᑐࡍࡿ᰾ᨷᧁࡢ⬟ຊࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡛ࡶ
࠶ࡿࠋ୰ᅜࡣ⣭㸦094ᆺ㸧ࡢᙎ㐨࣑ࢧࣝᦚ㍕ཎᏊຊ₯ỈⰄ㸦SSBN㸧ᦚ㍕ࡍࡿᕧᾉ㸰ྕ㸦JL-2㸧
࠸࠺₯ỈⰄⓎᑕᙎ㐨࣑ࢧࣝ㸦SLBM㸧ࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ㐍ࡵࠊ᰾ᢚṆຊࡢᰕࡢ୍ࡘࡋࡼ࠺ࡋ
࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇࢁࡀࠊSLBMᡓຊࡀ௵ົࢆ㐙⾜ࡍࡿ㝿ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊSSBNࢆᾏୖࠊ✵୰ࡽࡢᨷᧁ
ࡽᏲࡿࡇࡢฟ᮶ࡿࠕ⪷ᇦࠖࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓJL-2ࡣࠕ༡ࢩࢼᾏࡽࣟࢧࣥࢮࣝࢫ฿㐩 ࡋᚓ࡞࠸ࠖࡇࡽ39ࠊSSBN እὒࡢฟཱྀࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࡶᚲせ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡇࢁࡀࠊ ࡇࢀࡽࡢ᮲௳ࢆࡓࡋࠊୟࡘእὒࡽヨࡳࡽࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺⡿ᅜࡢࠕ㜼Ṇࠖ㸦interdiction㸧άື
⬤ᙅ࡛࡞࠸ሙᡤࡣࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏ௨እ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ40ࠋᾏ༡ᓥࡢᾏ㌷ᇶᆅᣑᙇࡢࠕせ࡞⌮
⏤ࠖࠊࠕ㸦SSBN ࡢᇶᆅࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡉࡏࡿࡇࡼࡾ㸧୰ᅜࡢ᰾ᢚṆຊࢆᙉࡍࡿࡇࠖࡀྵ
ࡲࢀࡿᐃࡉࢀࡿᡤ௨࡛࠶ࡿ41ࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ほⅬ❧ࡗࡓሙྜࠊ୰ᅜࡗ࡚ࡢ༡ࢩࢼᾏࡣࠊࢯ㐃ࡗ࡚ࡢࠕ࣮࢜࣍ࢶࢡᾏࠖ
ヱᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡿ㸦ࡲࡓࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏࡣࠕி†ࠖ࡞ࡿ࠸࠺⾲⌧ࡶ࠶ࡿ42㸧ࠋ༡ࢩࢼᾏࢆ
ᡭ୰ࡵࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࢀࡤࠊ⡿ᅜࡢᑐ₯ỈⰄᡓຊጉࡆࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡃࠊኴᖹὒࡸࣥࢻὒ
㐍ฟࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿᮇᚅࡉࢀᚓࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
୰ᅜࡀ㏻ᖖᡓຊࡸᡓᇦ᰾ᡓຊࡢ㏆௦ࢆ⥅⥆ࡍࡿഐࡽࠊ⡿ᮏᅵࢆ᰾ᨷᧁࡍࡿ☜ᐇ࡞⬟ຊࢆቑ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓሙྜࠊ⡿ᅜࡢᥦ౪ࡍࡿᣑᢚṆࡢಙ៰ᛶࡣືᦂࢆ᮶ࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ᪥ᮏ➼
ᑐࡋ࡚㏻ᖖරჾࡸᡓᇦ᰾රჾ࡛ᨷᧁࢆࡅ࡚ࡶࠊ⡿ᅜࡣ㠃᰾ᡓதࡢ⣮தつᶍᣑࢆᚰ 㓄ࡍࡿవࡾࠊ᰾ሗࡢጾᄐࢆᐇ⾜⛣ࡍࡇࢆ㌋㌉ࡍࡿࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸̿̿୰ᅜࡀ⪃࠼ࡿྍ⬟
ᛶࡀ㧗ࡲࡿീࡉࢀࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡓࡔࠊ⡿ᅜࢯ㐃㸭ࣟࢩࡢ㛫࡛ࡣࠊ࠸᰾ሗࡢࡓࡵࡢᡓຊࢆศഛ࠼ࡓ≧ែࠊࡘ
ࡲࡾࠕ┦☜ド◚ቯࠖ㸦mutual assured destruction㸧≧ἣࡢಖࢆࠕᡓ␎ⓗᏳᐃࠖࡢ♏▼ᤊ࠼ࡿ
ഴྥࡀᙉࡗࡓࠋ࢜ࣂ࣐ᨻᶒࡀ⡿ᅜࡢ࣑ࢧࣝ㜵⾨య⣔ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࠕࣟࢩࡢ㛫࡛ࡢᡓ␎ࣂ
ࣛࣥࢫᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇࢆពᅗࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖᙇࡍࡿࡢࡶ43ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓഴྥࡢ⾲ࢀ
ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ
୍᪉ࠊ⡿ᅜᨻᗓࡀ୰ᅜࡢᙉຊ࡞᰾ሗࡢ⬟ຊࢆ๓ᥦࡋࡓࠕᡓ␎ⓗᏳᐃࠖࢆᵓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
࠺ࡣࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶศ࡛᫂࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊ⡿ᅜෆ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢ㛫࡛ࡶࠊ᪉ࡢ᰾ಖ᭷
̿̿⾜ࡁ╔ࡃࡇࢁࠕ┦☜ド◚ቯࠖ≧ἣࡢᡂ❧̿̿ࡀ㛵ಀࡢᏳᐃ㈨ࡍࡿࡢពぢࡶ⪺ࢀࠊ ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ❧ሙࡽࡣࠊ⡿ᅜࡣ᰾ᡓຊࢆつᶍࠊ㠀⬤ᙅ࡞ࡶࡢࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ୰ᅜࡢດຊࢆጉࡆ
ࡿࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ㆟ㄽࡶᐤࡏࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ44ࠋ⡿୰ࡀࠕ┦☜ド◚ቯࠖ≧ἣ᥋㏆ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ ࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ᣑᢚṆࡀ↓ຠ࡞ࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ୰࡛୰ᅜࡢᆅᇦぞᶒࢆᢲࡋṆࡵࡼ࠺
ᛮ࠼ࡤࠊ⡿ᅜࡋ࡚ࠊࢪ࠾ࡅࡿྠ┕㛵ಀࠊᥦᦠ㛵ಀࢆᨻⓗࠊ㌷ⓗ⿵ᙉࡍࡿᡭ❧
࡚ࢆㅮࡎࡿࡇࡀ୍ᒙ⥭せ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡇࡣ࠸࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ 㸨
ࡉࡽࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏࢆᕠࡿ୰ᅜࡢࡿ⯙࠸㐺ษᑐฎࡋᚓ࡞ࡗࡓሙྜࠊ⡿ᅜࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞
┈ࢆయ⌧ࡋࡓᅜ㝿つ๎࣭つ⠊ࡢ㔜せ࡞㒊ศࡀ༴⫾ℜࡍࡿᜍࢀ࡞ࡋࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ
≉ࠊ⮬ᅜEEZ࠾ࡅࡿᶒ㛵ࡍࡿ୰ᅜࡢᙇࡣࠊᆅᇦ࠾ࡅࡿ⡿㌷ࡢάືไ㝈ࢆຍ࠼
ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊEEZ ࡢ⯡ⓗ࡞ᛶ᱁ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡡ࡞࠸ࠋࠕ⯟⾜ࡢ⮬⏤ࠖࢆ๓㠃ᢲࡋฟࡍ
⡿ᅜࡢ❧ሙࡣࠊᅜ㐃ᾏὒἲ᮲⣙⥾⣙ᅜࡢ༙ࡼࡗ࡚ඹ᭷ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ45ࠋࡋࡋࠊ୰ᅜࡢゎ㔘
ࡣࣥࢻࡸࣈࣛࢪࣝࡶྠㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ46ࠊ୰ᅜ௨እࡢ༡ࢩࢼᾏἢᓊㅖᅜࡢ୰࡛ࡣࠊ࣐࣮ࣞࢩ
ࡸ࣋ࢺࢼ࣒ࡀEEZ࠾ࡅࡿᅜࡢ㌷άືࢆఱࡽࡢᙧ࡛つไࡋࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ47ࠋୡ⏺ࡢ ᾏὒࡢࠕ4 ㏆ࡃࠖࡀἢᓊࡽ 200ᾏ㔛௨ෆࡢᾏᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽ48ࠊ୰ᅜࡢᨭᣢࡀᗈࡀࡗ
࡚ᾏὒἲࡢゎ㔘ኚ᭦ࡀࡉࢀࠊከᩘࡢἢᓊᅜࡀࡑ࠺ࡋࡓつไࢆᐇ⾜ࡍࡿ⮳ࡿ࠸ࡗࡓែ
ࡀ㉳ࡇࡗࡓሙྜࠊ⡿ᅜࡢ๓᪉ᒎ㛤ࢆ㏻ࡌࡓྠ┕㛵ಀࠊᥦᦠ㛵ಀࡢ⥔ᣢࡣࠊୡ⏺୰࡛ࡁ࡞ไ⣙
ࢆㄢࡏࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព࡛ࠊEEZࢆᕠࡿ୰ᅜࡢᶒᙇࡣࠊ⡿ᅜࡗ࡚ࠕ᭱
ࡢᠱᛕࠖࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ49ࠋ
ణࡋࠊ୰ᅜᾏ㌷ࡀᑗ᮶ࠊᮏ᱁ⓗእὒ㐍ฟࡋࡓᬡࡣࠊᾏὒἲ㛵ࡍࡿ୰ᅜࡢどᗙࡶࠊ
ᅜ㌷ࡼࡿࠕ❧ධࠖࡢ㜼Ṇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⮬ᅜ㌷ࡼࡿࠕ❧ධࠖࡢ☜ಖ㔜ࡁࢆ⨨ࡃࡶࡢኚ
ࡍࡿࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ㌷άືࡢつไࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿゎ㔘ࡣࠊࠕάື⠊ᅖࡢ㐲ᾏࡢᣑࢆ┠ㄽࡴ
୰ᅜᾏ㌷ࡗ࡚ࡣ୧ลࡢ࡞ࡾࡡ࡞࠸ࠖぢࡽࢀࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ50ࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ௬୰ᅜࡀṊຊࡢ⾜ࡲࡓࡣࡑࡢጾᄐࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚༡ࢩࢼᾏࡢᨭ㓄ࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ
ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀࡣ̿̿༢ᆅᇦ࠾ࡅࡿࠊཬࡧᆅᇦࢆ㉸࠼ࡓໃຊศᕸࡢኚṆࡲࡽࡎ̿̿⌧
⾜ࡢᅜ㝿⛛ᗎࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆ᰿ᗏࡽᦂࡿࡀࡋࡡ࡞࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ⡿ᅜࡀᾏὒἲ๎ࡋࡓᶒᙇ
ࢆᙉㄪࡋࠊἲⓗᣊ᮰ຊࢆᖏࡧࡓࠕ⾜ືつ⠊ࠖࡢ⟇ᐃࢆᨭᣢࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡶࠊࠕつ๎ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓࠖ
㸦rules-based㸧⛛ᗎࡢᵓ⠏ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࠕ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞┠ᶆࠖࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡽ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸51ࠋ
⡿ᅜࡀ༡ࢩࢼᾏၥ㢟࡛ࠕᘬࡁୗࡀࡿࠖ㸦blink㸧ཷࡅྲྀࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ጼໃࢆぢࡏࡓሙྜࠊ⮬⏤
⩏ⓗ࡞ᅜ㝿⛛ᗎࡀᙅయࡋࠊつ๎ࠊつ⠊ࡀᆅᇦⓗศࡉࢀࡿࠕ㌿Ⅼࠖࡢ฿᮶ࡀ᪩ࡲࡿ
ࡢ㆙࿌ࡀⓎࡏࡽࢀࡿᡤ௨࡛࠶ࡿ52ࠋ
ࡴࡍࡧ࠼࡚
༡ࢩࢼᾏ̿̿ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᮾࢩࢼᾏ̿̿㛵ࡍࡿ୰ᅜࡢゝືࡣࠊᕋ♋ࡢ㡿᭷ᶒࡸࠕ⯟⾜ࡢ⮬⏤ࠖ
ࡢၥ㢟ࢆ㉸࠼࡚ࠊࠕ୰ᅜࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅜᐙ࡞ࡿࠖ㸦what sort of power China will become㸧ࢆ༨
࠺ヨ㔠▼࡞ࡾᚓࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ53ࠋ᧺㢌ࡍࡿ୰ᅜ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⡿ᅜᑟ࡛ᙧᡂࠊ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ ᅜ㝿つ๎࣭つ⠊ࢆᇶᮏⓗཷࡅධࢀࡿࠕ⌧≧⥔ᣢࠖᚿྥࠊࡇࢀࢆᢤᮏⓗᨵኚࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠕ⌧
≧ᡴ◚ࠖᚿྥࡢఱࢀࡀඃໃ࡞ࡿࡀၥࢃࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢࡇࡘ࠸࡚⡿ᅜ ࡀ࠺⌮ゎࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆᑐእᡓ␎࠺ྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡀࠊᅜ㝿㛵ಀࡢᑗ᮶ࢆỴᐃⓗつᐃࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
̿ ὀ ̿
1 Patrick M. Cronin and Robert D. Kaplan, “Cooperation from Strength: U.S. Strategy and the South China Sea,” in Cronin, ed., Cooperation From Strength: The United States, China, and the South China Sea, Center for a New American Security, January 2012, p. 7.
2 U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, 2012 Report to Congress [௨ୗࠊUSCC2012
␎], p. 234.
3 Cronin and Kaplan, “Cooperation from Strength,” p. 9.
4 Cronin and Kaplan, “Cooperation from Strength,” p. 9.
5 USCC2012, p. 229.
6 ἢᓊྛᅜࡼࡿ㡿᭷ᶒཬࡧ⟶㎄ᶒࡢᙇࡣࠊUSCC2012, pp. 215, 217-218ཬࡧM. Taylor Fravel,
“Maritime Security in the South China Sea and the Competition over Maritime Rights,” in Cronin, ed., Cooperation from Strength, p. 34ࡼࡗ࡚ᴫほࡋᚓࡿࠋ
7 USCC2012, pp. 219-220; Cronin and Kaplan, “Cooperation from Strength,” p. 14.
8 㜵⾨┬㜵⾨◊✲ᡤࠗ୰ᅜᏳಖ㞀࣏࣮ࣞࢺ2011࠘㸦ᖹᡂ24ᖺ12᭶㸧21㸫22㡫ࠋEEZࡢἲⓗᛶ᱁
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㭯⏣㡰ࠕⓗ⤒῭Ỉᇦ㸦EEZ㸧ࠖࠗእ࠘➨12ྕ㸦ᖹᡂ24ᖺ3᭶㸧ࡀཧ⪃࡞ࡿࠋ
9 Fravel, “Maritime Security,” p. 34.
10 㜵⾨┬㜵⾨◊✲ᡤ⦅ࠗᮾࢪᡓ␎ᴫほ2012࠘㸦ᖹᡂ24ᖺ3᭶㸧131㡫ࠋ
11 ࢟ࣕࣥ࣋ࣝ⡿ᅜົḟᐁ⿵ࡣࠊࠕᆅᇦࡀ⥭ᙇቑࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ᮇධࡗࡓࠖࡢࡣࠊṇࠕ2007ᖺࠖ ࡛
࠶ࡿࡢㄆ㆑ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋKurt Campbell, “Testimony,” U.S. Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Maritime Territorial Disputes and Sovereignty Issues in Asia(hearings), September 20, 2012, p. 3.
12 Robert Scher, “Testimony,” U.S. Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs [௨ୗࠊMaritime Issueshearings␎], p. 2; Campbell, “Testimony,” p. 3.
13 Fravel, “Maritime Security,” pp. 36-37.
14 ࣐࣮ࢩ࢙ࣝ⡿ᅜົḟᐁ⿵௦⌮ࡼࢀࡤࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣࡀ⌧ࢀࡓࡢࡣࠕ2007ᖺኟࠖࡔࡗࡓゝ࠺ࠋ Scot Marciel, “Testimony,” Maritime Issueshearings, p. 4. ᐇ㝿ࠊ୰ᅜࡣ2007ᖺཬࡧ2008ᖺࠊ࢚ࢡ ࢯ࣭࣮ࣥࣔࣅࣝཬࡧBPࡼࡿヨ᥀ࢆṆࡉࡏࡓࠋRichard P. Cronin, “Testimony,” Maritime Issues hearings, p. 4.
15 ణࡋࠊࡢἢᓊᅜࡼࡿ୰ᅜ⁺⯪ࡢᣡᤕࡶ㢖⦾ࡔゝ࠺ࠋFravel, “Maritime Security,” p. 38.
16 USCC2012, pp. 217-218.
17 ࢫ࣮࢝࣎ࣟ♋࠾ࡅࡿ⥭ᙇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㜵⾨┬㜵⾨◊✲ᡤࠗ୰ᅜᏳಖ㞀࣏࣮ࣞࢺ2012࠘㸦ᖹᡂ 24ᖺ12᭶㸧18㸫20㡫ཬࡧUSCC2012, pp. 231-233ࢆཧ↷ࠋ
18 USCC2012, pp. 234-235.
19 Hillary Rodham Clinton, “Remarks at Press Availability,” National Convention Center, Hanoi, Vietnam, July 23, 2010.
20 Hillary Rodham Clinton, “Remarks to the ASEAN Regional Forum,” Phnom Penh, Cambodia, July 12,
2012. ࡉࡽࠊࢡࣜࣥࢺࣥࡣࠊ㡿᭷ᶒၥ㢟ࡢゎỴࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸༊ᇦ࠾ࡅࡿ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮㈨※ࡢࠕඹ
ྠ᥈ᰝ࣭㛤Ⓨࠖಀࡿ༠ᐃࢆྵࡴ᪂ࡋ࠸༠ຊⓗ࡞ྲྀࡾỴࡵࡢ᥈ồࡶゝཬࡋࡓࠋ
21 Marciel, “Testimony,” pp. 3-4, 6-7.
22 Scher, “Testimony,” pp. 3-4.
23 Clinton, “Remarks at Press Availability.”
24 Patrick Ventrell, “South China Sea,” U.S. Department of State, Office of the Spokesperson, August 3, 2012, <http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov>.
25 USCC2012, p. 238.
26 Leon E. Panetta, Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense, January 2012, p.
272.ࡓࡔࠊ⡿ẚ㛫ࡢ┦㜵⾨᮲⣙༡ࢩࢼᾏ࠾ࡅࡿ⣮㆟ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆᕠࡿ⡿ᅜࡢ❧ሙࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ᫂☜
࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᅜົ┬ࡢἲᚊ㢳ၥࡣྠ᮲⣙ࡀ㡿ᅵ⣮த㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡘ࠸࡚᫂ゝࢆ㑊ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ USCC2012, p. 233.
28 ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㆟ㄽࢆᒎ㛤ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࡣࠊNicholas John Spykman, America’s Strategy in World Politics:
The United States and the Balance of Power(New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1942) ࡀྂⓗ࡛
29࠶ࡿࠋJames A. Baker, III, “America in Asia: Emerging Architecture for a Pacific Century,” Foreign Affairs, Vol.
70, No. 5 (Winter 1991/92), pp. 3-4.
30 Sarah Raine, “Beijing’s South China Sea Debate,” Survival, Vol. 53, No. 5 (October-November 2011) ࡣࠊ ᾏ༡ᓥࡢᾏ㌷ᇶᆅࢆᕠࡿ≧ἣࢆྵࡵࠊ୰ᅜࡢ㌷ែໃࢆ┘どࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡓ࠸࠸࠺⡿ᅜࡢ ḧồ̿̿ཬࡧ୰ᅜࡼࡿࡑࡢᣄྰ̿̿ࢆࠊ༡ࢩࢼᾏ࠾ࡅࡿ⥭ᙇቑࡢせᅉࡋ࡚㔜どࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
㸦pp. 70-71㸧ࠋ
31 ࠕࣇࣥࣛࣥࢻࠖࡢゝཬࡣࠊCronin and Kaplan, “Cooperation from Strength,” pp. 7, 17࠶ࡿࠋ
32 Blumenthal, “Testimony,” p. 5.
33 Cronin and Kaplan, “Cooperation from Strength,” p. 14.
34 Blumenthal, “Testimony,” p. 5.
35 Blumenthal, “Testimony,” p. 5. ణࡋࠊ୰ᅜࡣ̿̿ྎ‴ࡢేྜᡂຌࡋ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ̿̿ࣥࢻὒᾏ
㌷ຊࢆᮏ᱁ⓗᢞᑕࡋᚓࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡲ࡛㛗ᮇࢆせࡍࡿண ࡉࢀࡿࠋMichael J. Green and Andrew Shearer, “Defining U.S. Indian Ocean Strategy,” Washington Quarterly, Vol. 35, No. 2 (Spring 2012), pp. 179-181.
36 Cronin and Kaplan, “Cooperation from Strength,” p. 14.
37 Robert J. Art, “The United States and the Rise of China: Implications for the Long Haul,” in Robert S.
Ross and Zhu Feng, eds., China’s Ascent: Power, Security, and the Future of International Politics (Ithaca,
NY: Cornell University Press, 2008), p. 272.
38 Robert S. Ross, “China’s Naval Nationalism: Sources, Prospects, and the U.S. Response,” International Security, Vol. 34, No. 2 (Fall 2009). ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡼࡾࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ୰ᅜᾏ㌷ࡢቑᙉࡣࠕ⡿ᅜࡢᾏὒ Ᏻಖ㞀ᑐࡍࡿᣮᡓࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸᩿ࠖゝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦p. 75㸧ࠋ
39 Tetsuo Kotani, “Why China Wants South China Sea,” The Diplomat, July 18, 2011.
40 Leszek Buszynski, “The South China Sea: Oil, Maritime Claims, and U.S.-China Strategic Rivalry,”
Washington Quarterly, 35-2 (Spring 2012), p. 146.
41 Fravel, “Maritime Security,” p. 40.
42 Shinzo Abe, “Asia’s Democratic Security Diamond,” December 27, 2012, <www.project-syndicate.org>.
43 Robert M. Gates, Nuclear Posture Review Report, April 2010, p. x.
44 ࠼ࡤࠊArt, “The United States and the Rise of China,” pp. 274-275, 283ࠊCharles Glaser, “Will China’s Rise Lead to War?: Why Realism Does Not Mean Pessimism,” Foreign Affairs, 90-2 (March/April 2011), p. 83ࢆཧ↷ࠋ
45 Peter Dutton, “Testimony,” Maritime Issues hearingsࡼࢀࡤࠊ⥾⣙ᅜࠕ157ᅜ୰⣙140ᅜࠖࡀ⡿
ᅜྠពࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦p. 6㸧ࠋ
46 Fravel, “Maritime Security,” p. 35.
47 ࡲࡓࠊබᘧࡣ⡿ᅜࡢ❧ሙࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿࣇࣜࣆࣥࠊࣥࢻࢿࢩ➼ࡶࠊỈ㠃ୗ࡛ࡣ୰ᅜࡢどᗙ
ࡢඹឤࢆ⾲᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠺ࠋDutton, “Testimony,” pp. 6-7.
48 Scher, “Testimony,” p. 4.
49 USCC2012, p. 239.
50 Dutton, “Testimony,” p. 6ࠊࠗ୰ᅜᏳಖ㞀࣏࣮ࣞࢺ2011࠘21㡫㸦ᘬ⏝ࡣᚋ⪅ࡼࡾ㸧ࠋ
51 Campbell, “Testimony,” p. 5.
52 Michael Auslin, “Tipping Point in the Indo-Pacific,” American Interest, March/April 2011.
53 Raine, “Beijing’s South China Sea Debate,” p. 83.
