Cultivated area of main crops in - xdomain.jp

(1)

(2)

Cultivated area of main crops in Japan, Hokkaido, and Tokachi

0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000

Wheat

(2010) Potato

(2009) Soybean

(2010) Red bean

(2010) Kidney bean

(2010) Sugar beet (2010)

Cultivated area of main crops (ha)

Japan Hokkaido Tokachi

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Tokachi (%) 80

(3)

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Cultivated area of main crops　(ha)

小麦

ばれいしょ大豆

小豆てん菜

Wheat Potato Soy bean Azuki Sugar beet

(4)

(5)

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0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Yields of major crops per unit area in Tokachi (kg/10a)

小麦

ばれいしょ大豆

小豆てん菜

Wheat Potato Soy bean Azuki Sugar beet

(7)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

Yields of major crops per unit area in Tokachi (kg/10a)

小麦大豆小豆

Wheat Soy bean Azuki

(8)

Contribution to sugar-beet production

•  Introduction of paper pot transplanting technique

•  Land improvement (amelioration of soil acidity, drainage of land)

•  High yielding variety

(9)

Contribution to red bean (Azuki) production

•  High yielding variety

(Erimo variety since 1981)

•  High income for farmers

•  Special product of Tokachi due to high quality

Rice ball coated with sweet Azukibean paste.

(10)

Contribution to wheat production

•  Agricultural policy to support wheat production

•  High yielding variety (Chihoku, Hokushin)

•  Low labor input

(11)

Number and cultivation area of farms in Tokachi

Farm number Cultivation

area

1965

1945

1925

1897 1990

(12)

Why agricultural population decreased in Tokachi?

•  Merit of large scale operation of agriculture

•  Outflow of labor force to industrial, commercial, and civil service

(13)

Population change in Tokachi

400,000 200,000

360,000

1965

1945

1925

1897 1990

(14)

Number of horse and tractors in Tokachi

1965

1945

1925

1898 1990

1868

Horse

Tractor

(15)

Area of wheat, barley, oat in Tokachi

Wheat

Oat Barley

1965

1945

1925

1898 1990

1868

(16)

Why oat and barley decreased

•  Oat and barley had been used as forage of horses.

•  Horses for plowing were replaced by tractors.

(17)

Cultivated area of pulses in Tokachi

Soybean Redbean Kidney bean

1965

19451925

1898 1990

1868

Green peas

(18)

Why soybean decreased

•  Due to low international price.

•  Import is freed and cheap soybean is

imported from USA and South America

•  Only special good variety can survive in Tokachi

(19)

Redbean (Azuki bean)

(20)

Kidney bean

(21)

Soybean

(22)

Area of Sugar-beet and potato cultivation in Tokachi

1965

1945

1925

1898 1990

1868

Sugar beet Potato

(23)

Sugar beet

(24)

Potato (May Queen)

(25)

Number of Dairy cows and area of pasture in Tokachi

Dairy cows Pasture grass Dentcorn

1965

1945

19251898 1990

1868

(26)

Dairy cow and pasture

Farm of Obihiro Univ. A. V. M.

(27)

Various problems for soils in Tokachi

•  Decreasing soil pH

•  Imbalance in soil nutrition (Excess P²O⁵, decrease in Ca, Mg)

•  Micronutrient deficiency (Cu, Zn, Mn, B)

•  Deterioration of soil physical properties

•  Soil erosion

•  Water and land pollution by animal wastes

(28)

Wet Kuroboku Normal Kuroboku Lowland soil Peat soil

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Problems of volcanic ash soils

•  Strong acidity

•  Poisnous active aluminium

•  High phosphate absorption and low availale phosphate

•  Low in nitrogen and bases

•  Soil drying in normal Kuroboku soil

•  Wet damage in wet type Kuroboku soil

(32)

Merit of volcanic ash soils

•  Soils are soft and easily plowed

•  Humus holds exchangeable bases

(33)

How to improve volcanic ash soils

•  Soil survey and soil diagnosis help decide the goals and methods of soil improvement

•  Amelioration of soil acidity by liming

•  Application of phosphate material

•  Application of NPK

(34)

Improving techniques

•  Mixing plow, Reversible plow, Subsoil plow

•  Open ditch and underground ditch

•  Organic matter application

•  Deep plowing by tractor

(35)

Landuse change

by one farmer in

Tokachi

1949

1995

Owned land Cultivated land

Wet land Barren

land

(36)

Three stages in soil fertility

Concept by Prof. Kikuchi

•  Stage 1: Natural soil fertility with various constraints

•  Stage 2: Improved fertility by adjustment of

relief, land drainage, mixing and reversing soil layers, soil acidity amelioration, etc.

•  Stage 3: Improved fertility by proper fertilizer application, cropping system management for high quality and sustainability.