PDF Waste Management Policy in Japan

(1)

Waste Management Policy Waste Management Policy

in Japan in Japan

Effectiveness of “EPR”

Yuya Nishikawa Naoki Nishimura

Yoko Nobuoka Sayaka Nakano

Eddie Adachi Yohei Kudo

Kaname Shirata Waccho

(2)

Structure

１．Why is recycling necessary in Japan ? ２．EPR promotes recycling.

３．Does EPR work effectively ?

○ Containers and Packaging Recycling Law

○ Specific Household Appliances Recycling Law ○ ELV law

４．Conclusion (Effectiveness of EPR)

(3)

Before our presentation

・ In this presentation, “waste” means municipal waste.

(household appliances, containers, packaging, etc… )

・ Although we presented about waste (EPR)

before, we will present again for persons who has never participated in the past symposiums.

・ Other groups made some proposals, but our

presentation is introduction of EPR, laws based on

EPR and their effectiveness.

(4)

Purpose of our presentation

○ We will explain three examples of waste

management policies based on EPR in Japan.

(EPR・・・Extended Producer Responsibility)

→Waste management policies based on EPR is promoting 3R ( reducing waste disposed in

landfills ).

(5)

Chapter 1

Why is 3R necessary in Japan ?

Yuya Nishikawa

(6)

１． Why is 3R necessary in Japan ?

There are two reasons .

Ⅰ : limited natural resources

Ⅱ : shortage of landfills

^（the amount of waste is increasing）

Ｃｈａｐｔｅｒ１

(7)

problem Ⅰ : limited natural resources

Remaining years of natural resources

・ oil（43 years), copper (56 years), lead (43 years)

Japan must use natural resources more efficiently .

①

Japan imports a large quantity of oil.

Imported oil is 255 million kl in 2000.

Oil used in Japan is 245 million kl in 2000.

(8)

problem Ⅱ : shortage of landfills

There are three figures .

○ volume of waste

○ remaining years and

capacity of landfills

○ number of new landfills

(9)

volume of waste

source: Environmental white paper (Ministry of Environment) 38

40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999 year (million t)

(10)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

残余年数残余容量

remaining years and capacity of landfills

year million ㎥

Years capacity

source: Environmental white paper (Ministry of Environment)

(11)

numbers of new landfills

0 50 100 150 200 250

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 year

numbers

source: Environmental white paper (Ministry of Environment)

(12)

problem Ⅱ : shortage of landfills

○ volume of waste

○ r

emaining years and

capacity of landfills

○ number of new landfills

from these three figures ・・・

waste reduction is waste reduction is

very important in Japan ! very important in Japan !

②

(13)

Japan needs policies which promote ３R.

① Japan must use natural resources

more efficiently .

② Waste reduction is very important in Japan !

１． Why is 3R necessary in Japan ?

(14)

Chapter 2

EPR promotes recycling

Naoki Nishimura

(15)

EPR promotes recycling

E xtended P roducer R esponsibility

EPR is one of the opinions to promote recycling

promote recycling and reduction of wastereduction of waste .

Ｃｈａｐｔｅｒ 2

EPR

(16)

before EPR

before EPR after EPR after EPR

“Extended” responsibility

Productio n

Recycling or Disposal

Consumption

Producers’

responsibility

Local government’ s Responsibility

Case1: general case

Extended!

(17)

before EPR

before EPR after EPR after EPR

“Extended” responsibility

Productio n

Consumption

Producers’

responsibility

Local government’ s Responsibility

Case2: non-general case

Recycling or Disposal

Extended!

(18)

Why does EPR promote recycling and reduction of waste?

Producers are responsible for recycling.

Producers have the highest controllability of products.

They have to bear recycling costs.

Products have a rise in price.

(19)

Producers begin producing easily easily - - recycled recycled and long long - - lived lived products.

More recycling and further reduction of waste ! Producers want to cut recycling costs.

(20)

Two kinds of “responsibilities”

※ Physical Physical responsibility responsibility

Producers must collect and recycle their used products themselves .

※ Financial Financial responsibility responsibility

Producers must finance systems to collect and recycle their used products.

(21)

1 : PhysicalPhysical and FinancialFinancial responsibility

e.g. Specific Household Appliances Recycling Law in Japan

2 : Only FinancialFinancial responsibility

e.g. Containers and Packaging Recycling Law in Japan

3 : The other cases

e.g. ELV low in Japan

・ cases

How do producers assume the

“responsibilities” ?

(22)

ex: case2 only financial responsibility

(Containers and Packaging Recycling Law in Japan)

producers

recyclers

local

government

consumers

PRO PRO

_containers^money

Producers Producers

bearbear the costthe cost of recycling.

of recycling.

(23)

the most efficient form of responsibilityresponsibility

“ “ The most efficient form of The most efficient form of responsibility

responsibility ” ” is not definite. is not definite.

depending on the characteristic of products.

（ｗaste）

(24)

The end of chapter 2

Please keep in mind 3 things

1. 1. EPR promotes recycling and EPR promotes recycling and reduction of waste.

reduction of waste.

2. Producers can choose from 2. Producers can choose from

several forms of responsibility.

3. The most efficient form of 3. The most efficient form of

responsibility is depending on responsibility is depending on

characteristic of products.

(25)

Chapter 3

Does EPR work effectively?

Eddie Adachi Yohei Kudo Sayaka Nakano

Waccho

Kaname Shirata

(26)

3. Does EPR work effectively?

Three examples to examine EPR’s effectiveness

3-1 Containers and Packaging Recycling Law

3-2 Specific Household Appliances Recycling Law 3-3 ELV law

(27)

Containers and Packaging Recycling Law

Background

Flow chart (money & containers) Cost-benefit analysis

Ｃｈａｐｔｅｒ 3-1

Eddie Adachi

(28)

Background

• 55% of municipal waste in Japan consists of containers and packaging

Containers and Packaging Recycling Law Ｃｈａｐｔｅｒ 3-1

the Ministry of Health and Welfare 1997

Ratio of

volume weight^{Ratio of}

44.5%

22.9%

8.3%

10.0%

5.9%

8.5%

77.4%

1.7%

8.0%

2.6%

5.9%4.3%

55.5%

22.6%

expect containers and packaging

ratio of "Containers and packaging" in Waste

containers for food

containers for beverage containers for commodities paper containers

others

containers and packaging

(29)

Background

• Gap between collection and production of PET bottles

Japan PET Bottle Association 2001

volume of collected PET bottles and collection rate

0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 450000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

year ton

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

%

volume of collected (ton) production (ton) Rate of collection (%)

Gap!!

(30)

Flow chart

containers flow money flow

producers

recyclers

consumers

local

government

Physical responsibility

Financial responsibility

Partial EPR!! PRO

(31)

Flow chart : Role

• consumers: selective discharge

• local government : selective collection

– physical responsibility

• producers : performing recycling obligation

– financial responsibility

(32)

• cost <

benefit

• cost

> benefit

Cost-benefit analysis

carry out

Not carry out

It was rare that the Gov. utilize such analysis

the Gov. utilized this analysis after putting into force Containers and

Packaging Recycling Law

(33)

Cost-benefit analysis

producers local governm

ent

resources landfill

local governm

ent producers

landfill resources

1999 future

cost

^＞^benefit ^cost^＜

benefit

(34)

Specific Household Appliances Specific Household Appliances

Recycling Law Recycling Law

This law obliges recycling of This law obliges recycling of waste household appliances.

waste household appliances.

Yohei

Yohei KudoKudo Sayaka

Sayaka NakanoNakano

(35)

2001.4 2001.4

2001.11

2001.11 2002.112002.11

enforcement enforcement

LastLast--year year symposium

symposium ThisThis--year year symposium symposium

2002.4 2002.4

Results of 1st year

^{Ｃｈａｐｔｅｒ}^3-2

(36)

1. 1. The relationship between Specific The relationship between Specific

Household Appliances Recycling Law and Household Appliances Recycling Law and EPREPR

2.2. Results of the 1st one yearResults of the 1st one year 3.3. Effects and IssuesEffects and Issues

4. 4. ConclusionConclusion

(37)

Outline of the Law Outline of the Law

•• Took effect on Apr.1st. 2001Took effect on Apr.1st. 2001

•• Target~ TV, refrigerator, washing Target~ TV, refrigerator, washing machine, air conditioner

machine, air conditioner

•• PurposesPurposes

①① reduction of wastesreduction of wastes

②② efficient use of resourcesefficient use of resources

(38)

before before

useruser

retailer retailer

local local

government government

recycle recycle treatment

treatment agency

agency

treatment treatment dispose dispose

Flow of waste appliances Flow of waste appliances

producer producer

treatment treatment

after after

PROPRO

manufacturer manufacturer

importer importer

Local Local

government government useruser

retailer retailer

local local

recycle recycle

dispose dispose

PROPRO

This law was designed based on the This law was designed based on the

concept of EPR!

(39)

local local

The roles of stakeholders The roles of stakeholders

PROPRO

importer importer useruser

retailer retailer

PROPRO

manufacturer manufacturer

local local

payment of payment of

recycling recycling costcost

collection and collection and transportation transportation

recycling and recycling and

treatment treatment

Responsibility (collection & recycling) was Responsibility (collection & recycling) was

physically and financially

physically and financially transferred to transferred to private sector

private sector ! !

(40)

(41)

(42)

3444 Treated amount of the CFC 1515

(thousand appliances)

0.650.65 0.34

Recycling rate

210975 210975 161195

Amount of the recycled resources (t)

After Before

2. 2. Results of the 1 Results of the 1

^st^st

one year one year

(43)

(44)

Effects Effects

~has the purpose been achieved?

•• the amount of recycled resources ↑the amount of recycled resources ↑

•• recycling raterecycling rate↑↑

•• Collection of CFC (chlorofluorocarbon)Collection of CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) ↑ ↑

①① reduction of wastesreduction of wastes

②② efficient use of resourcesefficient use of resources

The purpose of the law has been The purpose of the law has been

achieved!

(45)

Issues Issues

•• Demand of the recycled materialsDemand of the recycled materials

•• Illegal dampingIllegal damping

(46)

Illegal damping Illegal damping

Number of damping Number of damping

total

total ACAC TVTV FridgeFridge WMWM

Ministry of the Environment Ministry of the Environment

(47)

(48)

It produced good results!

It is designed based on EPR!

Specific Household Appliances Specific Household Appliances

Recycling Law Recycling Law

Responsibility transference from local government Responsibility transference from local government

Reduction of wastes Reduction of wastes Efficient use of resources Efficient use of resources

(49)

ELV law and EPR ELV law and EPR

Waccho

Kaname Shirata

(50)

Structure

Structure of this page of this page

1. 1. Why is ELV law necessary ?Why is ELV law necessary ? 2. What is ELV law?

2. What is ELV law?

3. Which elements of EPR are reflected in 3. Which elements of EPR are reflected in

the law?

4. Impact of the law 4. Impact of the law

5. In the future 5. In the future

(51)

1. 1. Why is ELV law necessary ? Why is ELV law necessary ?

•• ASR loses its worth ASR loses its worth

•• Consideration of environmentConsideration of environment

•• Danger in shredding AirDanger in shredding Air--bagbag

(52)

1. 1. Why is ELV law necessary ? Why is ELV law necessary ?

~ASR loses its worth~

~ASR loses its worth~

Automobile Shredder Residue Automobile Shredder Residue ASRASR

Constitutes about 25% of ELV Constitutes about 25% of ELV

Mainly contains iron scrap Mainly contains iron scrap

(53)

１９７０１９７５１９８０１９８５１９９０１９９５２０００

Price of ASR Disposal cost

￥/ t

ASR price is keeping down

(54)

1. 1. Why is ELV law necessary ? Why is ELV law necessary ?

~ASR loses its worth~

~ASR loses its worth~

・In the past

ASR was valuable resource ASR was rarely dumped

・These years

ASR has lost its worth ASR has been dumped

ASR Recycling system is necessary

(55)

1. 1. Why is ELV law necessary ? Why is ELV law necessary ?

~Consideration of the environment~

~Consideration of the environment~

• Used in portion of Air-control

• Chlorofluorocarbon destroys ozone

Treating it properly is necessary

(56)

1. 1. Why is ELV law necessary ? Why is ELV law necessary ?

~Danger in shredding Air

~Danger in shredding Air--bag~bag~

Shredding Air-bags, it sometimes explode

Treating it carefully is necessary

BOOM!!

(57)

2. 2. What is ELV law? What is ELV law?

Method Method

•• ResponsibilityResponsibility

•• Collecting treatment feeCollecting treatment fee Producer & Importer

Producer & Importer assume responsibility assume responsibility for taking in ASR, chlorofluorocarbon, Air for taking in ASR, chlorofluorocarbon, Air-- bag.bag.

Producer & importer collects treatment fee Producer & importer collects treatment fee

from final user at the time of delivery.

from final user at the time of delivery.

(58)

3. 3. Which elements of EPR are Which elements of EPR are reflected in the ELV law?

reflected in the ELV law?

Producer assume the financial and/or Producer assume the financial and/or

physical responsibility fully and/or physical responsibility fully and/or

partially.

EPR Local government Private sector EPR Local government Private sector ELV law

ELV law Nobody Nobody Private sectorPrivate sector The concept of EPR is reflected in the ELV law The concept of EPR is reflected in the ELV law

※※ Responsibility

(59)

4. 4. Impact of the ELV law Impact of the ELV law

•• To recycle ATo recycle ASR SR

Collecting treatment fee Collecting treatment fee

•• To protect environmentTo protect environment

•• To reduce Danger in shredding AirTo reduce Danger in shredding Air--bagbag

Producer assume responsibility for Producer assume responsibility for

collecting and destroying collecting and destroying

chlorofluorocarbon

chlorofluorocarbon and airand air--bag.bag.

(60)

5. 5. In the future In the future

•• To reduce wasteTo reduce waste……

Activating secondhand market Activating secondhand market

Increasing take

Increasing take - - back items back items

(61)

Yoko Nobuoka

Conclusion

Effectiveness of EPR

Chapter 4

(62)

４． Conclusion (Effectiveness of EPR)

○ Containers and Packaging Recycling Law

….. has promoted recycling

○ Specific Household Appliances Recycling Law

….. has reduced recycling costs and promoted efficient use of natural resources

○ ELV law…. is likely to reduce waste and develop used car market

EPR is an effective policy to EPR is an effective policy to

reduce waste and promote reduce waste and promote

recycling!

(63)

Possibility of EPR in China

Same kinds of waste exist in China.

We think that there is possibility to introduce EPR in China.

How do you think about that ?

(64)

FIN FIN

Yuya Nishikawa Naoki Nishimura

Yoko Nobuoka Sayaka Nakano

Tomoyuki Adachi Yohei Kudo

Kaname Shirata Waccho

Thank you for listening !

PDF Waste Management Policy in Japan

Waste Management Policy Waste Management Policy

Before our presentation

Purpose of our presentation

Chapter 1

Why is 3R necessary in Japan ?

Yuya Nishikawa

１． Why is 3R necessary in Japan ?

problem Ⅱ : shortage of landfills

残余年数 残余容量

numbers of new landfills

１． Why is 3R necessary in Japan ?

Chapter 2

EPR promotes recycling

Naoki Nishimura

EPR promotes recycling

EPR is one of the opinions to promote recycling

before EPR

Producers’

before EPR

Producers’

Why does EPR promote recycling and reduction of waste?

Two kinds of “responsibilities”

・ cases

the most efficient form of responsibilityresponsibility

“ “ The most efficient form of The most efficient form of responsibility

3. The most efficient form of 3. The most efficient form of

Chapter 3

Does EPR work effectively?

Eddie Adachi Yohei Kudo Sayaka Nakano

3. Does EPR work effectively?

Background

Background

recyclers

benefit

Cost-benefit analysis

1999 future

benefit

Results of 1st year

Flow of waste appliances Flow of waste appliances

PROPRO

Responsibility (collection & recycling) was Responsibility (collection & recycling) was

2. 2. Results of the 1 Results of the 1

The purpose of the law has been The purpose of the law has been

It produced good results!

Structure

1. 1. Why is ELV law necessary ? Why is ELV law necessary ?

~ASR loses its worth~

1. 1. Why is ELV law necessary ? Why is ELV law necessary ?

~ASR loses its worth~

1. 1. Why is ELV law necessary ? Why is ELV law necessary ?

~Consideration of the environment~

1. 1. Why is ELV law necessary ? Why is ELV law necessary ?

~Danger in shredding Air

2. 2. What is ELV law? What is ELV law?

Method Method

from final user at the time of delivery.

3. 3. Which elements of EPR are Which elements of EPR are reflected in the ELV law?

Producer assume the financial and/or Producer assume the financial and/or

4. 4. Impact of the ELV law Impact of the ELV law

Collecting treatment fee Collecting treatment fee

5. 5. In the future In the future

EPR is an effective policy to EPR is an effective policy to

FIN FIN

残余年数残余容量